Infanticide, neonaticide, and post-neonaticide: racial/ethnic disparities in the United States.

This study aims to assess recent trends and characteristics for infanticide and the sub-groups: neonaticide and post-neonaticide during the time period 2003-2017. Multiple Cause-of-Death Mortality Data were used to identify infanticides in the United States based on ICD-10 codes. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate trends in the rates of infanticide, neonaticide, and post-neonaticide during the study period.

Evaluation of hepatitis C treatment-as-prevention within Australian prisons (SToP-C): a prospective cohort study.

Background: Limited empirical evidence exists for the effectiveness of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment-as-prevention. The Surveillance and Treatment of Prisoners with hepatitis C (SToP-C) study aimed to assess the effect of HCV treatment-as-prevention in the prison setting.

Methods: SToP-C was a prospective study, including a before-and-after analysis, within a cohort of people incarcerated in two maximum-security prisons (male) and two medium-security prisons (one male, one female) in New South Wales, Australia.

An Optimized Model of Hypertrophic Preconditioning Confers Cardioprotection in the Mouse.

Background: Conventional models of hypertrophic preconditioning (C-HP) can be established surgically through transverse aortic constriction (TAC) → deconstriction (De-TAC) → reconstriction (Re-TAC) characterized by dynamic afterload while it exerts technical difficulty on operators and poses high mortality during perioperative period in mice. We aimed to introduce an optimized method for obtaining a hypertrophic preconditioning (O-HP) model for further study on cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods: Ninety mice were divided into four groups: sham, TAC, C-HP, and O-HP.

Biliary atresia liver histopathological determinants of early post-Kasai outcome.

Background: A retrospective chart review of liver histologies in Kasai biliary atresia BA patients operated 1/2017- 7/2019 at our institution was conducted to identify histologic prognostic factors for biliary outcome.

Methods: Patients with wedge liver biopsies and portal plate biopsies (n = 85) were categorized into unfavorable and favorable outcome, based on a 3-month serum total bilirubin level of <34 μM or mortality. Hepatocellular histologies, presence of ductal plate malformation (DPM) and of large bile duct of ≥ 150 μm diameter size at the portal plate were evaluated.

RAFF-4, Magnetization Transfer and Diffusion Tensor MRI of Lysophosphatidylcholine Induced Demyelination and Remyelination in Rats.

Remyelination is a naturally occurring response to demyelination and has a central role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury. Recently we demonstrated that a novel MRI technique entitled Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field (RAFF) in the rotating frame of rank n (RAFFn) achieved exceptional sensitivity in detecting the demyelination processes induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in rat brain. In the present work, our aim was to test whether RAFF4, along with magnetization transfer (MT) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), would be capable of detecting the changes in the myelin content and microstructure caused by modifications of myelin sheets around axons or by gliosis during the remyelination phase after LPC-induced demyelination in the corpus callosum of rats.

Exploring the Impact of Secondary Supply Laws on Adolescent Drinking Trends in Australia.

Objective: Adolescent alcohol consumption has declined in Australia over the past 20 years. Secondary supply laws (SSLs) typically prohibit the supply of alcohol to adolescents by persons other than parents or guardians, or without parental consent. SSLs were introduced in Australia at different times in different states and territories over the period of declining alcohol consumption.

Untying the Precise Impact of COVID-19 Policy on Social Distancing Behavior.

Social distancing has manifold effects and is used as a non-pharmacological measure to respond to pandemic situations such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), especially in the absence of vaccines and other useful antiviral drugs. Governments around the globe have adopted and implemented a series of social distancing strategies. The efficacy of various policies and their comparative influence on mechanisms led by public actions and adoptions have not been examined.

Prevalence of childhood maltreatment among people with opioid use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Experience of childhood maltreatment (CM) is a risk factor for opioid use disorder (OUD). CM is also associated with comorbid mental disorders and poor treatment outcomes among people with OUD. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of CM among people with OUD.

Evaluation of village health sanitation and nutrition committee in Himachal Pradesh, India.

Introduction: Decentralization through introduction of Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNCs) was a key initiative introduced in 2007 under the National Health Mission (NHM), India to address local health and sanitation issues. This study was done to assess the functioning of the VHSNCs.

Aims And Objectives: 1.

Risk of discharge against medical advice among hospital inpatients with a history of opioid agonist therapy in New South Wales, Australia: A cohort study and nested crossover-cohort analysis.

Background: People who use illicit opioids have high rates of hospital admission. We aimed to measure the risk of discharge against medical advice among inpatients with a history of opioid agonist therapy (OAT), and test whether OAT is associated with lower risk of discharge against medical advice.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study of patients admitted to hospital in an emergency between 1 August 2001 and 30 April 2018 in New South Wales, Australia.

Electrophysiological correlates of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism.

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein is essential for neuronal development. Val66Met (rs6265) is a functional polymorphism at codon 66 of the BDNF gene that affects neuroplasticity and has been associated with cognition, brain structure and function. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and neuronal oscillatory activity, using the electroencephalogram (EEG), in a normative cohort.

During bacteremia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 adapts by altering the expression of numerous virulence genes including those involved in quorum sensing.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that produces numerous virulence factors and causes serious infections in trauma patients and patients with severe burns. We previously showed that the growth of P. aeruginosa in blood from severely burned or trauma patients altered the expression of numerous genes.

Disapproval from romantic partners, friends and parents: Source of criticism regulates prefrontal cortex activity.

The prevalence of criticism in everyday social situations, and its empirically demonstrated association with psychopathology, highlight the importance of understanding neural mechanisms underlying the perception and response of individuals to criticism. However, neuroimaging studies to date have been limited largely to maternal criticism. The present study aims to investigate neural responses to observing criticism occurring in the context of three different relationship types: romantic partners, friends, and parents-from a third-party perspective.

Comparing rates and characteristics of emergency department presentations related to pharmaceutical opioid poisoning in Australia: a study protocol for a retrospective observational study.

Introduction And Aims: Pharmaceutical opioids are an important contributor to the global 'opioid crisis', and are implicated in 70% of Australia's opioid-related mortality. However, there have been few studies which consider the relative contribution of different pharmaceutical opioids to harm.We aim to compare commonly used pharmaceutical opioids in terms of (1) rates of harm, and (2) demographic and clinical characteristics associated with that harm.

All-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with regular or problematic cocaine use: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To estimate pooled all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk for people with regular or problematic cocaine use.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective or retrospective cohort studies or clinical trials (n ≥30) of people with regular or problematic cocaine use with data on all-cause or cause-specific mortality. Of 2808 papers, 28 were eligible and reported on 21 cohorts, with a total 170 019 individuals.

Identification of the Antifungal Metabolite Chaetoglobosin P From Using a Inhibition Assay: Insights Into Mode of Action and Biosynthesis.

is an important human pathogen with limited options for treatments. We have interrogated extracts from fungal fermentations to find -inhibiting natural products using assays for growth inhibition, differential thermosensitivity, and synergy with existing antifungal drugs. Extracts from fermentations of strains of from eastern Texas showed anticryptococcal bioactivity with preferential activity in agar zone of inhibition assays against at 37°C versus 25°C.

Unsupervised Heterogeneous Coupling Learning for Categorical Representation.

Complex categorical data is often hierarchically coupled with heterogeneous relationships between attributes and attribute values and the couplings between objects. Such value-to-object couplings are heterogeneous with complementary and inconsistent interactions and distributions. Limited research exists on unlabeled categorical data representations, ignores the heterogeneous and hierarchical couplings, underestimates data characteristics and complexities, and overuses redundant information, etc.

Open-label, multicentre, single-arm trial of monthly injections of depot buprenorphine in people with opioid dependence: protocol for the CoLAB study.

Introduction: Opioid agonist treatment is effective for opioid dependence and newer extended-release buprenorphine (BUP-XR) injections represent a significant development. The Community Long-Acting Buprenorphine (CoLAB) study aims to evaluate client outcomes among people with opioid dependence receiving 48 weeks of BUP-XR treatment, and examines the implementation of BUP-XR in diverse community healthcare settings in Australia.

Methods And Analysis: The CoLAB study is a prospective single-arm, multicentre, open-label trial of monthly BUP-XR injections in people with opioid dependence.

Injecting risk behaviours amongst people who inject drugs: A global multi-stage systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Injecting risk behaviour, such as receptive sharing of injecting equipment and/or re-using one's equipment, is associated with bloodborne virus transmission and infections in people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to estimate prevalence and correlates of injecting risk behaviours amongst PWID.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to estimate country, regional, and global prevalences of injecting risk behaviours (including sharing or re-using needle/syringe and sharing other injecting equipment).

Untying the insulating and superconducting orders in magic-angle graphene.

The coexistence of superconducting and correlated insulating states in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene prompts fascinating questions about their relationship. Independent control of the microscopic mechanisms that govern these phases could help uncover their individual roles and shed light on their intricate interplay. Here we report on direct tuning of electronic interactions in this system by changing the separation distance between the graphene and a metallic screening layer.

Pyrrocidine, a molecular off switch for fumonisin biosynthesis.

Sarocladium zeae is a fungal endophyte of maize and can be found co-inhabiting a single seed with Fusarium verticillioides, a major mycotoxigenic food safety threat. S. zeae produces pyrrocidines A and B that inhibit the growth of F.

Estimating the contribution of stimulant injection to HIV and HCV epidemics among people who inject drugs and implications for harm reduction: A modeling analysis.

Background: Stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine, are widely injected among people who inject drugs (PWID). Systematic reviews indicate stimulant injection is associated with HIV and HCV among PWID. Using these associations, we estimated the contribution of stimulant injection to HIV and HCV transmission among PWID.

G-quadruplex-based assay combined with aptamer and gold nanoparticles for Escherichia coli K88 determination.

A colorimetric method was developed using G-quadruplex and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for determination of Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88). It was composed of two modules: (1) an aptamer as biorecognizing element and (2) a capturing DNA (modified with AuNPs at 5') as a transducer. In the absence of target bacteria, the aptamer can form stable double strands with capturing DNA, preventing the binding of capturing DNA to the G-quadruplex.

Global opioid agonist treatment: a review of clinical practices by country.

Aims: We assessed how opioid agonist treatment (OAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD), specifically methadone and buprenorphine, including buprenorphine-naloxone, is delivered in routine clinical practice, with a focus on factors that affect access to and delivery of these services. The aims of this review were to summarize eligibility criteria for entry to OAT, doses in routine clinical practice, access to and eligibility for unsupervised dosing and urine drug screening practices in OAT programs globally.

Methods: We completed searches of PubMed, Embase, and grey literature databases for cross-sectional or observational cohort studies of OAT using either methadone or buprenorphine.