Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Yigong San in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Yigong San (YGS) is mainly used to treat dyspepsia caused by deficiency of spleen and stomach qi. Although the chemical composition and bioactivity of YGS has been well studied, the main in vivo compounds and their distribution in tissues still need to be made clearer.

Aim Of The Study: To elucidate the pharmacokinetic profiles and tissue distribution of eight main compounds of YGS in rats, and provide a reference for clinical application and new drug development.

Antimicrobial activity and structure-activity relationships of molecules containing mono- or di- or oligosaccharides: An update.

Bacterial infections are the second leading cause of death worldwide, and the evolution and widespread distribution of antibiotic-resistance elements in bacterial pathogens exacerbate the threat crisis. Carbohydrates participate in bacterial infection, drug resistance and the process of host immune regulation. Numerous antimicrobials derived from carbohydrates or contained carbohydrate scaffolds that are conducive to an increase in pathogenic bacteria targeting, the physicochemical properties and druggability profiles.

Adenosine kinase inhibition protects mice from abdominal aortic aneurysm via epigenetic modulation of VSMC inflammation.

Aims: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common, serious vascular disease with no effective pharmacological treatment. The nucleoside adenosine plays an important role in modulating vascular homeostasis, which prompted us to determine whether adenosine kinase (ADK), an adenosine metabolizing enzyme, modulates AAA formation via control of the intracellular adenosine level, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods And Results: We used a combination of genetic and pharmacological approaches in murine models of AAA induced by calcium chloride (CaCl2) application or angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion to study the role of ADK in the development of AAA.

Integrating machine learning algorithms and single-cell analysis to identify gut microbiota-related macrophage biomarkers in atherosclerotic plaques.

Objective: The relationship between macrophages and the gut microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis remains poorly defined, and effective biological markers are lacking. This study aims to elucidate the interplay between gut microbial communities and macrophages, and to identify biomarkers associated with the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. The goal is to enhance our understanding of the underlying molecular pathways and to pave new avenues for diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies in the disease.

First Report of Powdery Mildew on and Caused by in China.

(Fagaceae) is a genus of ecologically and economically important shrub and tree species (Yin et al. 2018). In April 2022, powdery mildew symptoms were observed on and leaves on Longwen hill, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.

Solid-Emission-Tunable Squaraine with Thermal-Promoted Aggregate-State Transitions for Fast Thermal History Sensing.

Determining thermal history is crucial in many industrial processes, but reliable and sensitive organic thermal history indicators are currently absent. Herein, we report on the development of a squaraine-based fluorescent molecule, DPEA-SQ, for the detection of thermal exposure histories up to 436 K. DPEA-SQ forms multiple single crystals (DPEA-SQ-I, DPEA-SQ-II, and DPEA-SQ-III) with different conformations and aggregate-state packing modes, contributing to their different fluorescence wavelengths, lifetimes, and efficiencies.

Exposure to nanopollutants (nZnO) enhances the negative effects of hypoxia and delays recovery of the mussels' immune system.

Aquatic environments face escalating challenges from multiple stressors like hypoxia and nanoparticle exposure, with impact of these combined stressors on mussel immunity being poorly understood. We investigated the individual and combined effects of short-term and long-term hypoxia and exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) on immune system of the mussels (Mytilus edulis). Hemocyte functional traits (mortality, adhesion capacity, phagocytosis, lysosomal abundance, and oxidative burst), and transcript levels of immune-related genes involved in pathogen recognition (the Toll-like receptors, the complement system components, and the adaptor proteins MyD88) were assessed.

Simultaneous determination of trace marine lipophilic and hydrophilic phycotoxins in various environmental and biota matrices.

An efficient and sensitivity approach, which combines solid-phase extraction or ultrasonic extraction for pretreatment, followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, has been established to simultaneously determine eight lipophilic phycotoxins and one hydrophilic phycotoxin in seawater, sediment and biota samples. The recoveries and matrix effects of target analytes were in the range of 61.6-117.

Predicting the new psychoactive substance activity of antitussives and evaluating their ecotoxicity to fish.

The misuse of antitussives preparations is a continuing problem in the world, and imply that they might have potential new psychoactive substances (NPS) activity. However, few study focus on their ecological toxicity towards fish. In the present study, the machine learning (ML) methods gcForest and random forest (RF) were employed to predict NPS activity in 30 antitussives.

Syringic acid attenuates acute lung injury by modulating macrophage polarization in LPS-induced mice.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a continuum of lung changes caused by multiple lung injuries, characterized by a syndrome of uncontrolled systemic inflammation that often leads to significant morbidity and death. Anti-inflammatory is one of its treatment methods, but there is no safe and available drug therapy. Syringic acid (SA) is a natural organic compound commonly found in a variety of plants, especially in certain woody plants and fruits.

Rab8a/SNARE complex activation promotes vesicle anchoring and transport in spinal astrocytes to drive neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain (NPP) remains a clinically challenging condition, driven by the activation of spinal astrocytes and the complex release of inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to examine the roles of Rab8a and SNARE complex proteins in activated astrocytes to uncover the underlying mechanisms of NPP. The research was conducted using a rat model with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and primary astrocytes treated with lipopolysaccharide.

Enhanced therapeutic efficacy for glioblastoma immunotherapy with an oncolytic herpes simplex virus armed with anti-PD-1 antibody and IL-12.

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor and has limited treatment options. Hence, innovative approaches are urgently needed. Oncolytic virus therapy is emerging as a promising modality for cancer treatment due to its tumor-specific targeting and immune-stimulatory properties.

DeepKEGG: a multi-omics data integration framework with biological insights for cancer recurrence prediction and biomarker discovery.

Deep learning-based multi-omics data integration methods have the capability to reveal the mechanisms of cancer development, discover cancer biomarkers and identify pathogenic targets. However, current methods ignore the potential correlations between samples in integrating multi-omics data. In addition, providing accurate biological explanations still poses significant challenges due to the complexity of deep learning models.

Transcriptomic Analysis of PDCoV-Infected HIEC-6 Cells and Enrichment Pathways PI3K-Akt and P38 MAPK.

Porcine Deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly identified coronavirus that causes severe intestinal lesions in piglets. However, the understanding of how PDCoV interacts with human hosts is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the interactions between PDCoV and human intestinal cells (HIEC-6) by analyzing the transcriptome at different time points post-infection (12 h, 24 h, 48 h).

Neuroprotective effect of acetoxypachydiol against oxidative stress through activation of the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Background: Excessive oxidative stress in the brain is an important pathological factor in neurological diseases. Acetoxypachydiol (APHD) is a lipophilic germacrane-type diterpene extracted as a major component from different species of brown algae within the genus Dictyota. There have been no previous reports on the pharmacological activity of APHD.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of residual low back pain after tubular microdiskectomy of lumbar disk herniation.

Objective: Tubular microdiskectomy (tMD) is one of the most commonly used for treating lumbar disk herniation. However, there still patients still complain of persistent postoperative residual low back pain (rLBP) postoperatively. This study attempts to develop a nomogram to predict the risk of rLBP after tMD.

Effects of four antibiotics on the photosynthetic light reactions in the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa.

Antibiotics are ubiquitously present in aquatic environments, posing a serious ecological risk to aquatic ecosystems. However, the effects of antibiotics on the photosynthetic light reactions of freshwater algae and the underlying mechanisms are relatively less understood. In this study, the effects of 4 representative antibiotics (clarithromycin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and sulfamethazine) on a freshwater alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) and the associated mechanisms, primarily focusing on key regulators of the photosynthetic light reactions, were evaluated.

Magnetically driven molecular orientational ordering in plastic crystals: The case of d-camphor.

Many solid crystals exhibit a structural phase transition where a subset of its ions or entire molecules become orientationally ordered. As to why such ordering occurs remains mostly unresolved. We consider the extremely weak magnetic elements arising from the reorientations of the molecules experiencing mutual resonance to play the chief role.

Relationship between 24-h activity behavior and body fat percentage in preschool children: based on compositional data and isotemporal substitution analysis.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the dose‒response relationship between 24-h activity behaviors and body fat percentage (BFP) in Chinese preschool children using a compositional isotemporal substitution model (ISM).

Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 881 children aged 3-6 from urban and rural areas of Jiangxi Province were sampled. Activity behaviors, including sedentary behavior (SB), low-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to high-intensity physical activity (MVPA), were measured using accelerometers.

BCL2A1 neoepitope-elicited cytotoxic T lymphocytes are a promising individualized immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

Conventional treatments have shown a limited efficacy for pancreatic cancer, and immunotherapy is an emerging option for treatment of this highly fatal malignancy. Neoantigen is critical to improving the efficacy of tumor-specific immunotherapy. The cancer and peripheral blood specimens from an HLA-A0201-positive pancreatic cancer patient were subjected to next-generation sequencing, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to screen high-affinity and highly stable neoepitopes.

Heterogeneous changes in gut and tumor microbiota in patients with pancreatic cancer: insights from clinical evidence.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the foremost contributor to cancer-related deaths globally, and its prevalence continues to rise annually. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms behind its development remain unclear and necessitate comprehensive investigation.

Methods: In this study, a total of 29 fresh stool samples were collected from patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.

Flow diverters treatment planning of small- and medium-sized intracranial saccular aneurysms on the internal carotid artery via constraint-based virtual deployment.

Purpose: The internal carotid artery (ICA) is a region with a high incidence for small- and medium-sized saccular aneurysms. However, the treatment relies heavily on the surgeon's experience to achieve optimal outcome. Although the finite element method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics can predict the postoperative outcomes, due to the computational complexity of traditional methods, there is an urgent need for investigating the fast but versatile approaches related to numerical simulations of flow diverters (FDs) deployment coupled with the hemodynamic analysis to determine the treatment plan.

The positive side of stress: Investigating the impact of challenge stressors on innovative behavior in higher education.

Stress can be a double-edged sword. Given the intricacy of the innovation process, the link between job stress and individual innovation behavior remains uncertain. To clarify the relationship between challenge stressors and the innovative behavior of higher education teachers, this study was based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory and adopted the structural equation modeling method to explore the impact of challenge stressors on the innovative behavior of higher education teachers and reveal its influencing mechanism and boundary conditions.

Airborne antibiotic resistome and microbiome in pharmaceutical factories.

Antimicrobial resistance is considered to be one of the biggest public health problems, and airborne transmission is an important but under-appreciated pathway for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Previous research has shown pharmaceutical factories to be a major source of ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the surrounding receiving water and soil environments. Pharmaceutical factories are hotspots of antibiotic resistance, but the atmospheric transmission and its environmental risk remain more concerns.