Trends in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer in Israel.

Background: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharyngeal cancer (SCC) is well established. The annual incidence of oropharyngeal SCC in Israel is considerably lower than that in the United States. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of HPV-related oropharyngeal SCC in Israel.

Prevalence of 3- and 4-rooted first and second mandibular molars in the Israeli population.

Introduction: Three-rooted mandibular molars are 1 of the anatomic variations of mandibular molars. The location of the additional root is distolingual (radix entomolaris) or mesiobuccal (radix paramolaris). The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of 3- and 4-rooted mandibular first and second molars in the Israeli population and to classify them according to dimension, curvature, and location of separation from the main root.

Predisposing factors for severe incisor root resorption associated with impacted maxillary canines.

Introduction: Severe incisor root resorption (SIRR) associated with impacted maxillary canines is rare but has important implications. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative. In this investigation, we aimed to identify predisposing factors for impacted canine-linked SIRR.

Sleep quality in patients with dental anxiety.

Background: Psychological distress is associated with sleep disturbances; however there is little research on sleep quality in dental anxiety (DA) patients.

Objectives: To measure the sleep quality in patients with DA compared to patients with an exacerbated gag reflex (GAG) and controls and to analyze its association with various demographic and behavioral parameters.

Methods: 67 DA patients, 54 GAG patients and 100 controls with no history of DA or GAG participated in the study.

Clinical characteristics of lichen and dysplasia vs lichen planus cases and dysplasia cases.

Objectives: To compare the clinical characteristics of lichen planus with dysplasia (LD) cases with oral dysplasia (DYS), and LP/lichenoid reaction (LP/LR).

Methods: Patients treated at the Department of Oral Medicine with a histological diagnosis were included. Patient information (age, gender, ethnicity, smoking habits, and medical status) and parameters of oral manifestation (lesions' distribution, site, and type) were compared.

Identification and characterization of fusolisin, the Fusobacterium nucleatum autotransporter serine protease.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral anaerobe associated with periodontal disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes and colorectal carcinoma. A serine endopeptidase of 61-65 kDa capable of damaging host tissue and of inactivating immune effectors was detected previously in F. nucleatum.

Dental health among older Israeli adults: is this a reflection of a medical care model inadequately addressing oral health?

Objectives: Israel's health-care system is considered as one of the most efficient worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to assess oral health outcomes, dental care use and respective social inequalities among the older segment of the Israeli population.

Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted of recently available data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE Israel, wave 2), which specifically includes information on chewing ability, denture wearing and dental care use obtained from more than 2,400 Israeli people, 50+ years of age.

Dental pulp therapy for primary teeth in children undergoing cancer therapy.

Background: Childhood cancer treatment negatively affects the immune system, increasing the risk for bacteremia and septicemia. As the oral cavity is a major entry portal for pathogens into the bloodstream dental care in such children tends to be radical, favouring tooth extraction over less drastic treatments such as pulpotomy, the amputation of infected dental pulp. The present study aimed to compare pulpotomy treatment success rate in children with cancer receiving immunosuppressive therapy with that of healthy children, and investigate if unsuccessful pulpotomy treatment in oncologic patients may lead to systemic complications.

A 2-year mean follow-up of oral appliance therapy for severe obstructive sleep apnea: a cohort study.

Objective: Oral appliances for treating severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are recommended for patients who failed to comply with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate medium long-term outcome and success rates of oral appliances in patients with severe OSA.

Methods: In a retrospective study, 52 OSA patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥40, who did not tolerate CPAP treatment, were enrolled and fitted with a modified Herbst oral appliance.

Maturation of teeth adjacent to dental agenesis site.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the developmental stage of teeth adjacent to the agenesis site in comparison to their antimeres.

Materials And Methods: Panoramic views of 39 patients with unilateral dental agenesis and 42 normal controls were evaluated. The dental developmental stage (normal or delayed) of the teeth adjacent to the agenesis site was determined for each patient using the Haavikko's method, while the overall dental age was determined by Becker's method.

Actin enables the antimicrobial action of LL-37 peptide in the presence of microbial proteases.

Host defense peptides play an important host-protective role by their microcidal action, immunomodulatory functions, and tissue repair activities. Proteolysis is a common strategy of pathogens used to neutralize host defense peptides. Here, we show that actin, the most abundant structural protein in eukaryotes, binds the LL-37 host defense peptide, protects it from degradation by the proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and enables its antimicrobial activity despite the presence of the proteases.

Comparison of the efficacy of a novel sustained release clotrimazole varnish and clotrimazole troches for the treatment of oral candidiasis.

Objectives: Candida albicans is a common fungal infection and is commensal in 40-65 % of healthy adults. The development and pharmacokinetics of a novel sustained release clotrimazole varnish (Clot-SRV) for topical oral use have been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of this varnish with clotrimazole troche treatment of oral candidiasis.

Orthodontic-associated localized gingival recession of lower incisors: who should treat it?

Gingival recession of lower incisors in the young population has become more prevalent in association with the increased uptake of orthodontic treatment. The two main predisposing factors are thin gingival biotype and bone dehiscence caused by labially displaced roots. Management is sometimes challenging, and the achievement of a successful result requires close cooperation between the orthodontist and periodontist.

Role of polycystin-1 in bone remodeling: orthodontic tooth movement study in mutant mice.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that polycystin-1 (PC1) is involved in orthodontic tooth movement as a mechanical sensor.

Materials And Methods: The response to force application was compared between three mutant and four wild-type 7-week-old mice. The mutant mice were PC1/Wnt1-cre, lacking PC1 in the craniofacial region.

Second-generation Langerhans cells originating from epidermal precursors are essential for CD8+ T cell priming.

In vivo studies questioned the ability of Langerhans cells (LCs) to mediate CD8(+) T cell priming. To address this issue, we used intradermal immunization with plasmid DNA, a system in which activation of CD8(+) T cells depends on delayed kinetics of Ag presentation. We found that dendritic cells (DCs) located in the skin at the time of immunization have limited ability to activate CD8(+) T cells.

Dental erosive wear assessment among adolescents and adults utilizing the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) scoring system.

Objectives: To investigate erosive tooth wear and related variables among adolescents and adults in Israel, utilizing the new basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) scoring system, in an attempt to contribute to the ongoing review, evaluation, and further development of an international standardized index.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytic survey was conducted among 500 subjects of five age groups. Dental erosion was measured according to the new BEWE scoring system.

Natural killer cell-mediated host defense against uropathogenic E. coli is counteracted by bacterial hemolysinA-dependent killing of NK cells.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. While the importance of natural killer (NK) cells in innate immune protection against tumors and viral infections is well documented, their role in defense against bacterial infections is still emerging, and their involvement in UPEC-mediated UTI is practically unknown. Using a systematic mutagenesis approach, we found that UPEC adheres to NK cells primarily via its type I fimbriae and employs its hemolysinA toxin to kill NK cells.

Incidence of cholesterol in periapical biopsies among adolescent and elderly patients.

Introduction: Cholesterol clefts are common histologic findings in periapical biopsies; they have a reported incidence in periapical periodontitis of up to 44%. Cholesterol crystals are also recognized in advanced atherosclerotic plaques in humans. Male sex, genetic abnormalities, and age have been associated with advanced atherosclerotic lesions.

Dietary alterations in patients with oral vesiculoulcerative diseases.

Objective: Patients with oral vesiculoulcerative diseases experience chronic oral discomfort, which may alter their dietary intake. The prevalence of dietary changes in these patients was investigated to determine the need for additional interventions.

Study Design: Forty-eight patients completed a diet and food continuous avoidance questionnaire.

Premature loss of primary anterior teeth due to trauma--potential short- and long-term sequelae.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) can result in the premature loss of primary anterior teeth due to an immediate avulsion, extraction later after the injury because of poor prognosis or late complications, or early exfoliation. There are a number of potential considerations or sequelae as a result of this premature loss that have been cited in the dental literature, which include esthetics, quality of life, eating, speech development, arch integrity (space loss), development and eruption of the permanent successors, and development of oral habits. This article provides a comprehensive review of the dental literature on the possible consequences of premature loss of maxillary primary incisors following TDI.

Mandibular condylar pseudocyst: an introduction to the orthodontist.

The aims of this article are to introduce mandibular condylar pseudocysts to orthodontists, present 2 relevant case reports, and discuss possible differential diagnoses. Condylar pseudocyst is a radiologic variant of pterygoid fovea, which is the site of insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle to the head of the mandibular condyle. A pathognomonic picture of a solitary well-defined radiolucency with radiopaque borders, located on the anterior aspect of the condyle in an asymptomatic orthodontic patient, is characteristic.

Oral hygiene habits, dental home, and toothbrushing among immigrant and native low socioeconomic class populations.

Unlabelled: About 45,000 people immigrated to Israel from Ethiopia over the last 30 years. The purpose of this study was to compare oral hygiene habits in preschool children from low socioeconomic neighborhoods offspring of immigrants from Ethiopia to offspring of native Israelis.

Method: Parents of children attending 21 nursery schools were asked to respond anonymously to 7 questions about their children's visits to a dentist and toothbrushing habits.

Deep submersion: severe phenotype of deciduous-molar infraocclusion with biological associations.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical manifestation of and treatment modalities for this severe phenotype of infraocclusion and to examine relationships between deep submersion and the occurrence of other dental anomalies.

Materials And Methods: The experimental sample consisted of 25 orthodontic patients with at least one deciduous molar in infraocclusion greater than 5 mm. Dental records were used to assess severity of infraocclusion, treatment modality, and presence of other dental anomalies (tooth agenesis, small maxillary lateral incisors, palatally displaced canines, and distal angulation of mandibular second premolars).

The traditional practice of canine bud removal in the offspring of Ethiopian immigrants.

Background: The custom of canine bud removal has detrimental consequences on children's general health and dental care. The objective of this study was to assess whether the prevalence of missing primary canines and dental defects in offspring of emigrants from Ethiopia is greater than in offspring of native Israeli parents of similar socioeconomic class.

Methods: 477 children of Ethiopian descent and 317 offspring of native Israeli parents, from 21 nursery schools and kindergartens, underwent dental examinations aimed to determine the presence or absence of primary canines and of developmental enamel defects on adjacent teeth to the primary canines.