Epidemiology of oral, salivary gland and pharyngeal cancer in children and adolescents between 1970 and 2011.

Objectives: The age of oral and pharyngeal cancer patients has reportedly decreased over the last decade, but most of the peer-reviewed literature regarding oral and pharyngeal cancer in individuals 0-19years of age (Y) is limited to specific tumor sites and/or types, or a small number of cases. Our aim is to characterize oral, salivary gland and pharyngeal cancer (OSPC) in 0-19Y in order to improve knowledge of the disease in young individuals.

Methods: Data on OSPC between 1970 and 2011 was taken from the Israel National Cancer Registry, and included patient age, gender, tumor site and tumor type.

Interactions of histatin-3 and histatin-5 with actin.

Background: Histatins are histidine rich polypeptides produced in the parotid and submandibular gland and secreted into the saliva. Histatin-3 and -5 are the most important polycationic histatins. They possess antimicrobial activity against fungi such as Candida albicans.

"Closed Reduction" Principles Can Manage Diverse Conditions of Temporomandibular Joint Vertical Height Loss: From Displaced Condylar Fractures to Idiopathic Condylar Resorption.

Purpose: The aim of this case series was to describe a modification of the classic "closed reduction" technique to manage unilateral or anterior open bite owing to a loss in vertical height (LVH) caused by several disorders and pathologies other than displaced condylar fractures.

Materials And Methods: The protocol included insertion of an occlusal appliance to increase the height of the premature contact and the width of the open bite, stabilization of the dental arches by rigid arches, and the use, during sleep, of rubber bands in the open bite region to pull the mandible cranially. In addition, when awake, the patient performed physiotherapy exercises to guide the mandible into maximum intercuspation.

Protein S drives oral squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenicity through regulation of AXL.

The TAM family of proto-oncogenic receptor protein tyrosine kinases, comprising of TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK, is implicated in many human cancers. Their activation leads to cancer cell proliferation, enhanced migration, invasion, and drug resistance; however how TAMs are activated in cancers is less understood. We previously showed that Protein S (PROS1) is a ligand of the TAM receptors.

Deep caries due to Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption in a newly erupted primary molar.

Case Report: This report describes a rare case of a 19-month-old girl with pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption in the lower left first primary molar which had erupted a few weeks earlier and had deep caries. The treatment is described.

Conclusion: Dentists who treat children must take into consideration the possibility of pre-eruptive lesions in the primary dentition that may cause involvement of the pulp, either before or shortly post-eruption.

An update of management of insomnia in patients with chronic orofacial pain.

In this review, we discuss the management of chronic orofacial pain (COFP) patients with insomnia. Diagnostic work-up and follow-up routines of COFP patients should include assessment of sleep problems. Management is based on a multidisciplinary approach, addressing the factors that modulate the pain experience as well as insomnia and including both non-pharmacological and pharmacological modalities.

Assessment of interfering factors in non-adherence to oral appliance therapy in severe sleep apnea.

Objective: Oral appliances (OA) are recommended for patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea who fail to comply with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. This mixed-methods study aimed to quantify adherence to OA therapy and evaluate subjective reasons associated with non-adherence.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 52 patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 40, treated with OA after discontinuation of CPAP treatment, were examined for OA adherence.

Radiographic evidence of traumatic injuries to primary incisors without accompanying clinical signs.

Background/aims: In epidemiological studies, traumatic dental injuries in children are usually determined from clinical signs or parents' reports. Radiographs are used in dental trauma centers but not in field surveys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of patients who present with radiographic evidence of trauma without any clinical signs of a history of TDI.

Targeted inhibition of WRN helicase, replication stress and cancer.

WRN helicase has several roles in genome maintenance, such as replication, base excision repair, recombination, DNA damage response and transcription. These processes are often found upregulated in human cancers, many of which display increased levels of WRN. Therefore, directed inhibition of this RecQ helicase could be beneficial to selective cancer therapy.

C-shaped canals-prevalence and root canal configuration by cone beam computed tomography evaluation in first and second mandibular molars-a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: C-shaped root canal configuration is an unusual root canal morphology and one of the most often anatomical variations in root canal systems of second mandibular molars. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence, symmetry and configuration of C-shaped canals in first and second mandibular molars in an Israeli population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials And Methods: One thousand twenty Israel patients' CBCT scans were screened and evaluated.

Phage Therapy: A New Horizon in the Antibacterial Treatment of Oral Pathogens.

Dental diseases are perhaps the most prevalent infection-related diseases in humans. Biofilm is involved in almost every infectious disease compromising oral health, notably caries, periodontal disease, gingivitis, endodontic infections and peri-implantitis. Current therapies of biofilm-derived oral infections lack sensitivity; they are not species-specific and kill pathogenic species as well as commensal species, which are protective against the formation of pathogenic biofilms.

The impact of chronic orofacial pain on daily life: the vulnerable patient and disruptive pain.

Objective: To identify patient and pain characteristics associated with negative impacts on daily life among patients with chronic orofacial pain (COFP).

Study Design: Medical records of 200 COFP patients were analyzed.

Results: Diagnostic categories included temporomandibular disorders (85; 42.

Phage therapy against Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals.

Antibiotic resistance is an ever-growing problem faced by all major sectors of health care, including dentistry. Recurrent infections related to multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospitals are untreatable and question the effectiveness of notable drugs. Two major reasons for these recurrent infections are acquired antibiotic resistance genes and biofilm formation.

Actin and DNA Protect Histones from Degradation by Bacterial Proteases but Inhibit Their Antimicrobial Activity.

Histones are small polycationic proteins located in the cell nucleus. Together, DNA and histones are integral constituents of the nucleosomes. Upon apoptosis, necrosis, and infection - induced cell death, histones are released from the cell.

Fap2 Mediates Fusobacterium nucleatum Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Enrichment by Binding to Tumor-Expressed Gal-GalNAc.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with colorectal cancer and promotes colonic tumor formation in preclinical models. However, fusobacteria are core members of the human oral microbiome and less prevalent in the healthy gut, raising questions about how fusobacteria localize to CRC. We identify a host polysaccharide and fusobacterial lectin that explicates fusobacteria abundance in CRC.

Overlap between dental anxiety, gagging and Blood-Injection-Injury related fears - A spectrum of one multidimensional phenomenon.

Background And Objectives: Dental anxiety (DA) and gagging (GAG) are prevalent problems that severely impact social behavior and quality of life. Furthermore, because dental phobia is considered a Blood-Injection-Injury (B-I-I) phobia, the present study contrasted DA, GAG and control subjects regarding the severity of dental anxiety and investigated the comorbidity of GAG, DA and B-I-I fears.

Methods: Demographics, Verbal Pain Scale (VPS), Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Decay, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT), Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and response to phobic stimuli were collected from 53 GAG, 68 DA and 80 control subjects.

Chronic oral mucositis after radiotherapy to the head and neck: a new insight.

Purpose: Oral mucositis is a major complication of anticancer therapy yet the literature focuses on immediate (acute) mucosal changes and hardly describes the chronic form. We aim to report the clinical manifestations of chronic mucositis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of oral mucositis referrals was performed.

Sleep disorders and chronic craniofacial pain: Characteristics and management possibilities.

Chronic craniofacial pain involves the head, face and oral cavity and is associated with significant morbidity and high levels of health care utilization. A bidirectional relationship is suggested in the literature for poor sleep and pain, and craniofacial pain and sleep are reciprocally related. We review this relationship and discuss management options.

The influence of infantile thiamine deficiency on primary dentition.

Objectives: The present study explored the histological and chemical effects of infantile thiamine deficiency (ITD) on enamel development through the examination of exfoliated deciduous teeth from a patient who had been fed during his first year of life with a thiamine-deficient milk substitute.

Materials And Methods: Ground sections derived from six exfoliated primary teeth were examined. Slices from a light microscope were photographed for histological analysis.

Overcoming the oral aspects of -self-mutilation: description of a method.

Background/aim: Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a serious and chronic condition frequently seen in special needs populations, affecting 10% to 17% of individuals diagnosed with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. A 2.5-year-old infant with SIB, whose presenting symptoms were severe tongue and lip lacerations accompanied by much hemorrhage, is presented here to illustrate the problem and to show how this may be prevented.

Synthesis variants of quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles and their antibacterial efficacy in dental materials.

Background: Resin-based dental materials allow bacterial growth on their surface and lack antibacterial activity, leading to functional and esthetic failure. Quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QPEI) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated in resin-based composite at 2% wt/wt have demonstrated prolonged and complete inhibition of bacterial growth. This study focused on optimization of QPEI NP synthesis to reduce the concentration required for bacterial growth inhibition.

Relationship between dental crowding and mandibular incisor proclination during orthodontic treatment without extraction of permanent mandibular teeth.

Objective: To examine changes in mandibular incisor proclination and protrusion resulting from alleviation of crowding.

Materials And Methods: Records of 96 patients from a private practice treated without extractions or interproximal enamel reduction in the mandibular arch were included. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms and models were examined to determine changes in incisor proclination, protrusion and crowding.