The effect of an intermediate layer of flowable composite resin on microleakage in packable composite restorations.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a thin layer of flowable composite on microleakage in Class II direct packable composite resin restorations on young permanent teeth in vitro.

Methods: Twenty sound human premolars and molars extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected for this study. The teeth were randomly assigned into two groups of 10 teeth each (groups A and B).

[Differential diagnosis of tooth discoloration, staining and pigmentation].

Tooth discoloration and developmental defects of enamel and dentin are frequently observed in the pediatric dental clinic. Proper diagnosis may improve the clinicians dental care in many aspects: caries and risk assessment, esthetic restorations and their prognosis, adhesion of restorations and orthodontic appliances, individual and community perspectives of prevention (dental trauma, fluorosis, genetic counseling, financial considerations), behavioral management, and medico-legal issues. This article presents a differential diagnosis of tooth discoloration.

[Localized aggressive periodontitis: a possible site-specific rather than tooth-specific disease?].

The diagnosis of localized aggressive periodontitis includes first molar attachment loss as an obligatory criterion. This tooth-specific based diagnosis has never been questioned or tested previously. We present a rare case of aggressive periodontitis that developed during orthodontic treatment, which included extraction of right lower first molar and bodily movement of the second molar to the original first molar site.

Fluorescence based measurements of Fusobacterium nucleatum coaggregation and of fusobacterial attachment to mammalian cells.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral anaerobe associated with gingivitis, periodontal disease and preterm deliveries. Coaggregation among oral bacteria is considered to be a significant factor in dental plaque development. Adhesion to host cells was suggested to be important for the F.

Mechanism of visible light phototoxicity on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Phototoxicity of visible light laser on the porphyrin-producing bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the absence of photosensitizers and under aerobic conditions was shown in previous studies. Recently, we found that the noncoherent visible light sources at wavelengths of 400-500 nm, commonly used in restorative dentistry, induced a phototoxic effect on P. gingivalis, as well as on Fusobacterium nucleatum, and to a lesser extent on the Streptococci sp.

Long-term follow-up of severely resorbed maxillary incisors after resolution of an etiologically associated impacted canine.

Background: Resorption of maxillary incisor roots because of an impacted canine is a well-recognized phenomenon that occurs in a surprisingly high proportion of patients with impacted canines. In this retrospective study, we studied a sample of patients in whom the resorption was particularly severe.

Methods: The sample consisted of 11 patients (age, 11.

Preemptive analgesia and local anesthesia as a supplement to general anesthesia: a review.

General anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia (LA) evolved on separate tracks. Procedures that could not be performed under LA were typically conducted under GA. Decoding of afferent linkage of peripheral noxious stimuli has provided important understanding that may change the way we traditionally treat surgical pain.

Dental trauma and its association with anatomic, behavioral, and social variables among fifth and sixth grade schoolchildren in Jerusalem.

Unlabelled: With the decrease in dental caries prevalence, public health should place emphasis on other dental diseases. Dental trauma is an irreversible pathology which after occurrence is characterized by life-long debilitating effects.

Objectives: To measure the prevalence of trauma in anterior permanent teeth among children, and to assess the associations with social, behavioral, and orthodontic variables.

Treatment of severe pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption of a permanent second molar.

Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption is a lesion often located within the dentin, adjacent to the dentin-enamel junction, in the occlusal aspect of the crown. As the lesions resemble caries, they are often referred as "pre-eruptive caries." The purpose of this case report was to describe the diagnosis and treatment of a permanent molar with pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption and to elaborate on possible associated clinical problems.

Ankyloglossia in the infant and young child: clinical suggestions for diagnosis and management.

Since the recommended time for a child's first dental visit is early, it is essential that pediatric dentists be familiar with all possible pathologies occurring during this early period of life. The parents of infants and toddlers who notice in their child a "tongue-tie" (ankyloglossia) are likely to turn first to their pediatric dentist for advice and help. Treatment options such as observation, speech therapy, frenotomy without anesthesia, and frenectomy under general anesthesia have all been suggested in the literature.

Chemical analysis and surface morphology of enamel and dentin following 9.6mu CO2 laser irradiation versus high speed drilling.

Objectives: The purpose of the present in vitro study was to determine whether there is a change in the chemical composition and surface morphology of enamel and dentin following 9.6mu CO2 laser irradiation and high-speed drilling.

Materials And Methods: Ten permanent, non-carious, young premolars, extracted for orthodontic reasons, were selected.

Medical considerations in dental treatment of children with Williams syndrome.

Williams syndrome is a rare disorder that was first described in 1961. It is thought to be caused by a microdeletion in the long arm of chromosome 7 at 7q11.23 and is a multisystem, congenital, and panethnic disorder characterized by a number of developmental and physical abnormalities, including congenital cardiovascular abnormalities, mental retardation and neurological features, growth deficiency, genitourinary manifestation, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal problems, behavioral characteristics, craniofacial features, ophthalmologic features, and dental problems.

[Image guided dental implantology].

Dental implants insertion is a predictable surgical procedure with very high success rates. An optimal implants placement requires excellent surgical skills and good prosthetic perception. Performing an inaccurate implantation can lead to irreversible surgical damage on the one hand or a prosthetic failure on the other hand.

Traumatic injuries to the teeth in young individuals with cerebral palsy.

The purpose of the study was to assess the characteristics of dental trauma in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). The study group consisted of 68 individuals (36 boys and 32 girls) who visit daily a school dedicated for children with CP. Their age ranged between 7 and 21 years with a mean age of 12.

[The use of conscious sedation versus general anesthesia in modern dentistry: rising ethical dilemmas].

Conscious sedation and general anesthesia have been in the use of the dental profession since the first half of the 19th century. Although seemingly appealing to use due to alleviation of pain and anxiety induced by the dental treatment, the alteration of consciousness level of dental patients is not without risk. Morbidity and mortality due to dental treatment performed under general anesthesia were investigated at the last decades of the 20th century.

Prediction of premolar tooth lengths based on their panoramic radiographic lengths.

Objective: Establishing a linear regression model for the determination of first premolar lengths based on panoramic radiographs.

Materials And Methods: The real lengths of 112 first premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were measured and compared with their panoramic lengths. The teeth were divided into four groups according to their intraoral quadrant locations (T14, T24, T34, T44) and regression analysis was conducted for each group.

TMJ lubrication system: its effect on the joint function, dysfunction, and treatment approach.

Normal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movements primarily depend on free sliding of the disc down the slope of the eminence. Therefore, understanding the lubrication system and how aberrations in this system contribute to TMJ is important. Its effect on dysfunctions, such as disc displacement, anchored disc phenomenon, open lock, and osteoarthritis, are discussed in this article.

Patients' perceptions of recovery after surgical exposure of impacted maxillary teeth treated with an open-eruption surgical-orthodontic technique.

This study assessed patient perceptions of immediate post-operative recovery after the surgical exposure of impacted maxillary teeth with an open-eruption technique. Thirty patients (24 females and six males) underwent surgical exposure of 39 impacted maxillary teeth using this technique. After surgery the patients were contacted by telephone daily for 7 days, to complete a health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire, which assessed their perception of recovery in four main areas: pain, oral function, general activity, and other symptoms.

Phototoxic effect of visible light on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum: an in vitro study.

The antibacterial effect of visible light irradiation combined with photosensitizers has been reported. The objective of this was to test the effect of visible light irradiation without photosensitizers on the viability of oral microorganisms. Strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus faecalis in suspension or grown on agar were exposed to visible light at wavelengths of 400-500 nm.

Pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucent defect: a case of a nonprogressive lesion.

Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption or defect is an unusual radiolucency located in the dentin, just beneath the dentin-enamel junction of unerupted teeth. The pathogenesis of the phenomenon is unclear. The present case with a radiolucency that has not changed in its dimension over a period of almost 7 years, until tooth eruption, raises a question about the progressive nature of the defect that is defined as "resorption.

Effect of sodium hypochlorite on dentin microhardness.

This study was designed to evaluate the effect on root dentin microhardness of 2.5% and 6% sodium hypochlorite solutions for various irrigation periods. Forty-two bovine roots were divided into seven groups.

[Oral manifestations of bulimia nervosa].

Bulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder frquently accompanied by changes of the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity and of the salivary glands. Routine dental examination in a 25-year-old woman disclosed oral signs and symptoms characteristic of BN and she was referred for psychiatric evaluation. Oral evaluation of patients suspected of BN is recommended to prevent irreversible damage to the oral and perioral structures.

[Smoking--a proven risk factor for periodontal disease?].

While bacterial dental plaque is widely considered as the etiological risk factor for the development of periodontal diseases, numerous publications from recent years pointed out the role of environmental factors like smoking as aggravating the severity of disease expression. The present paper reviews the updated literature linking epidemiologically between the presence of smoking habit and disease prevalence in the same population, as well as studies reporting on cell toxicity of nicotine and its by-products on gingival cells, negative effect on humoral and cell-mediated immune system, enhancement of bacterial plaque pathogeneity, and disruption of the wound healing processes. Finally, a negative effect is apparent on the supportive stage of the periodontal treatment, indicating lasting effect of smoking for years to come following the termination of active periodontal treatment.

[Future therapy strategies for salivary gland impairment].

Saliva offers many modalities, mainly protecting the oral tissues by maintaining a local healthy environment. Several conditions cause salivary gland secretion impairment, in which irradiation therapy to the head and neck cancer patients is one of the most rigorous, leading to major decline in quality of life. At present, conventional therapy provides a limited answer for this situation.

[New treatment protocols for avulsed teeth].

Traumatized teeth present a clinical challenge with regard to their diagnosis, treatment plan and prognosis. The injuries to the permanent dentition include crown and root fractures, subluxations, luxations and tooth avulsion. Common complications are pulp necrosis, periapical pathosis and root resorption.