Intradermal naked plasmid DNA immunization: mechanisms of action.

Plasmid DNA is a promising vaccine modality that is regularly examined in prime-boost immunization regimens. Recent advances in skin immunity increased our understanding of the sophisticated cutaneous immune network, which revived scientific interest in delivering vaccines to the skin. Intradermal administration of plasmid DNA via needle injection is a simple and inexpensive procedure that exposes the plasmid and its encoded antigen to the dermal immune surveillance system.

Adult patients' adjustability to orthodontic appliances. Part I: a comparison between Labial, Lingual, and Invisalign™.

This prospective study examined the adult patient's perception of recovery after insertion of three types of orthodontic appliances: Buccal, Lingual and Invisalign. The sample consisted of sixty-eight adult patients (45 females and 23 males) who comprised three groups: 28 Buccal, 19 Lingual, and 21 Invisalign patients. After appliance insertion, patients completed a Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire daily for the first week and again on day 14, in order to assess patients' perception of pain and analgesic consumption.

Efficiency and thermal changes during implantoplasty in relation to bur type.

Background: Implantoplasty is one of the options in treating peri-implantitis. The efficacy of the dental bur used can reduce the time needed for the procedure and, as a consequence, minimize the risk of overheating that can negatively affect the remaining bone surrounding the implant.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three dental burs in removing implant substance (titanium) and to determine the amount of heat generated by each bur.

Improvement in oral chronic graft-versus-host disease with the administration of effervescent tablets of topical budesonide-an open, randomized, multicenter study.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) frequently involves oral tissues. Although the mucosal changes may be painful and impair oral function, there is currently no topical therapy available for oral cGVHD that has been proven to work in an evidence-based manner. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the response of patients with oral cGVHD to various doses of a new topical budesonide formulation; (2) evaluate the efficacy and safety of the new topical budesonide formulation in these patients.

The association between demographic and oral health-related quality of life factors and dental care attendance among underprivileged older people.

Aim: In order to identify whether demographic and oral health-related quality of life factors are associated with dental care attendance among an underprivileged older population, a comparison was performed between people who have and have not attended dental care.

Methods: A cross-sectional purposive sample of 344 older underprivileged people comprised the study population. The dependent variable was dental care attendance.

Oral lichen planus and dental implants--a retrospective study.

Objectives: To examine whether oral lichen planus (OLP) affects the success rate of dental implants and if the manifestations of OLP are altered by implant-borne prostheses.

Materials And Methods: OLP patients, treated in the oral medicine department, with (the study group) and without (control group) dental implants were included. Pocket depth, mobility, bleeding on probing, erythema, pain and radiolucency around the implants, as well as clinical findings and OLP symptoms were recorded.

Case report on trial: Do you, Doctor, swear to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth?

We are in the era of "evidence based medicine" in which our knowledge is stratified from top to bottom in a hierarchy of evidence. Many in the medical and dental communities highly value randomized clinical trials as the gold standard of care and undervalue clinical reports. The aim of this editorial is to emphasize the benefits of case reports in dental and oral medicine, and encourage those of us who write and read them.

Garlic allicin as a potential agent for controlling oral pathogens.

Garlic has been used medicinally throughout human history. Allicin is considered the most therapeutic constituent of garlic. This study tested the antimicrobial activity of garlic allicin on oral pathogens associated with dental caries and periodontitis.

Visible light promotes interleukin-10 secretion by sublethal fluences.

Objective: To determine the effect of blue light on cultured splenocyte viability and secretion of cytokines involved in the regulation of immune responses in the inflammatory process.

Background Data: Previous studies showed that red light has various effects on lymphocyte proliferation and production of cytokines.

Materials And Methods: Cultured mouse splenocytes were exposed to visible light (wavelengths, 450-490 nm) using 2-108 J/cm(2), with and without scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Morphological occlusal features following condylar fractures in children.

Early fracture of the mandibular condyles may be related to an asymmetric morphologic occlusion. The aim of the study was to investigate the morphologic occlusal symmetry of non-surgically treated children after condylar fractures. The original study group consisted of 55 subjects (31 males and 24 females) who suffered temporomandibular joint condylar fractures at a young age and were treated conservatively, with physiotherapy only.

External apical root resorption in patients treated by serial extractions followed by mechanotherapy.

Introduction: In the course of orthodontic treatment with serial extractions (SE), spontaneous unraveling of crowded incisors occurs. It was hypothesized that SE followed by mechanotherapy will cause less external apical root resorption (EARR) than orthodontic treatment with late extractions (LE).

Methods: The records of 24 patients who underwent SE and mechanotherapy and 24 control patients who underwent LE and mechanotherapy were examined.

Topical immunomodulators for management of oral mucosal conditions, a systematic review; Part II: miscellaneous agents.

Introduction: Topical immunomodulating preparations have utility in inflammatory/immune-mediated oral mucosal disease resistant to topical steroids, in immunologically mediated systemic disease with primary oral involvement or more severe lesions primarily involving the oral mucosa.

Areas Covered: This paper is the second part of a systematic review of a variety of topical immunomodulators for management of immune/inflammatory oral mucosal conditions. The literature search revealed studies of azathioprine, benzydamine, GM-CSF and G-CSF, tetracyclines, retinoids, imiquimod, amlexanox, sirolimus and bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid.

Medical emergencies in a dental office: inhalation and ingestion of orthodontic objects.

Background: The authors reviewed the literature regarding inhalation and ingestion of orthodontic appliances and suggest ways to manage and prevent these events.

Types Of Studies Reviewed: The authors conducted literature searches of free text and Medical Subject Headings terms by using PubMed and Embase databases and selected appropriate studies. They analyzed retrieved articles according to several parameters: inhalation or ingestion event, number of cases, patient's sex and age, type of orthodontic appliance, in-office event or out-of-office event, and medical treatment.

A randomized controlled trial of visible-light therapy for the prevention of oral mucositis.

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a novel visible-light therapy (VLT) device for the prevention of oral mucositis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. A VLT-device suitable for intra-oral use was applied to 20 patients undergoing HSCT. The study design was placebo-controlled, randomized and double-blind.

Dendritic cells in distinct oral mucosal tissues engage different mechanisms to prime CD8+ T cells.

Although oral dendritic cells (DCs) were shown to induce cell-mediated immunity, the identity and function of the various oral DC subsets involved in this process is unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanisms used by DCs of the buccal mucosa and of the lining mucosa to elicit immunity. After plasmid DNA immunization, buccally immunized mice generated robust local and systemic CD8(+) T cell responses, whereas lower responses were seen by lining immunization.

Orthosurgical treatment including anchorage from a palatal implant to correct an infraoccluded maxillary first molar in a young adult.

Tooth ankylosis during adolescence and early adulthood can lead to infraocclusion and several interrelated, adverse sequelae at the intra-arch and interarch levels. An orthosurgical treatment modality that includes surgical luxation and immediate orthodontic traction is recommended as a conservative approach in many patients. The key to success in this approach is the timely delivery of relatively heavy and continuous forces to the luxated tooth to prevent its reankylosis.

Topical immunomodulators for management of oral mucosal conditions, a systematic review; part I: calcineurin inhibitors.

Importance Of The Field: Topical immunomodulators have been used for the management of oral mucosal diseases. Topical immunomodulating preparations may have utility in local management of oral disease which is resistant to topical steroids and oral findings of an immunologic-mediated systemic disease with primary or persisting, oral mucosal involvement.

Areas Covered In This Review: This paper is the first part of a systematic review of topical immunomodulators for the management of various oral indications focused on calcineurin inhibitors.

Psychological distress and social support are determinants of changing oral health status among an immigrant population from Ethiopia.

Objectives: To examine associations between psychosocial profile (psychological distress and social support) and changing oral health status (dental caries and periodontal disease), among a group of immigrants from Ethiopia to Israel.

Methods: Three hundred and forty immigrants, aged 18-75 years, with a mean age of 38.4±13.

Dental students' attitudes and behavior toward smoking cessation as part of their professional education.

Background: Dental professionals have a major role in promoting tobacco use cessation (TUC).

Purpose: The objective is to assess dental students' knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and perception regarding their potential expected role.

Methods: Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were used for all students of the Jerusalem Dental Medicine School.