Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Clarstatin, a Shared-Epitope-Antagonistic Cyclic Peptide, on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Mice.

Purpose: Polymorphism and mutations of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and calreticulin are risk factors for uveitis. Here, we sought to determine the therapeutic effects of Clarstatin, a cyclic peptide antagonist of the HLA shared-epitope-calreticulin interaction, in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) models.

Methods: Mice were injected with Clarstatin intraperitoneally and its effect was compared to that of corticosteroid.

CD47 and thrombospondin-1 contribute to immune evasion by .

is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium linked to periodontal disease. Remarkably, thrives in an inflamed environment rich in activated neutrophils. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognition is required for to evade innate immune killing; however, the mechanisms through which uncouples host inflammation from bactericidal activity are only partially known.

-Induced TLR2 Interactome Analysis Reveals Association with PARP9.

is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium strongly associated with periodontal disease. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is indispensable for the host response to , but escapes from immune clearance via TLR2-dependent activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). To probe the TLR2-dependent escape pathway of , we analyzed the TLR2 interactome induced following infection or activation by a synthetic lipopeptide TLR2/1 agonist on human macrophages overexpressing TLR2.

Neutrophils modulate natural killer-mediated osteoclastogenesis during (JP2 clone) infection.

The study investigates the interplay of neutrophils and natural-killer cells (NK) in mediating osseoresorption during infection of molar-incisor-pattern-periodontitis (MIPP). Human neutrophils from periodontally healthy and MIPP patients were inoculated with the periopathogen (JP2) and their supernatants were exposed to NK to study their function and osteoclastogenesis promotion. A mouse MIPP model was used to compare disease progression following NK versus neutrophils depletion.

Porphyromonas gingivalis induction of TLR2 association with Vinculin enables PI3K activation and immune evasion.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that thrives in the inflamed environment of the gingival crevice, and is strongly associated with periodontal disease. The host response to P. gingivalis requires TLR2, however P.

Number of consecutive procedures after endodontic treatment to extraction: A 28-year retrospective study.

Statement Of Problem: After endodontic treatment, teeth may require additional treatment. Data regarding the number of treatments up to extraction after endodontic treatment are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the number of consecutive restorative procedures performed on a specific tooth starting from endodontic treatment up to extraction.

Mechanism by which immune complexes are deposited in hosts tissue.

We offer an explanation how immune complexes are deposited in tissues of auto-immune disorders in humans. These disorders are characterized by the accumulation in tissues of large numbers of neutrophils, which can shed out long extracellular traps (NETs) rich in a nucleosome and in highly opsonic poly cations, histone, LL37, defensins and elastase possessing properties similar to antibodies. These can bind by strong electrostatic forces to negatively charged domains in immune globulins, thus facilitating their deposition and internalization by tissue cells.

The Balance between Orthodontic Force and Radiation in the Jawbone: Microstructural, Histological, and Molecular Study in a Rat Model.

Irradiation of facial bones is associated with a lifelong risk of osteonecrosis. In a rat model, maxillae were exposed to a single 5 Gy dose of external beam radiation and orthodontic force was applied for 2 weeks on the first maxillary molar; control rats were treated identically without radiation. Tooth movement in irradiated jaws was 30% less than in controls, representing radiation-related damage.

A Novel Hypothetical Approach to Explain the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity of Rheumatic Arthritis.

The autoimmune disorder rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a relapsing and chronic inflammatory disease that affects the synovial cells, cartilage, bone, and muscle. It is characterised by the accumulation of huge numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophages in the synovia. Auto-antibodies are deposited in the joint via the activity of highly cationic histones released from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a phenomenon termed NETosis.

The in vitro efficacy of biofilm removal from titanium surfaces using Er:YAG laser: Comparison of treatment protocols and ablation parameters.

Background: The aims of the present study were to compare the antibacterial effect of Er:YAG laser with other acceptable decontamination methods and to single out the optimal laser device parameters for effective bacterial elimination.

Methods: A multispecies biofilm which was composed of Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was grown on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA, homogeneous moderately microrough, and nanosmooth surface) titanium disks. The biofilm was removed from the coated disks by hand curets, ultrasonic device, nylon brush (dental polishing prophy cup), or Er:YAG.

γδT Cells Are Essential for Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

Sustained mechanical forces applied to tissue are known to shape local immunity. In the oral mucosa, mechanical stress, either naturally induced by masticatory forces or externally via mechanical loading during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), is translated, in part, by T cells to alveolar bone resorption. Nevertheless, despite being considered critical for OTM, depletion of CD4 and CD8 T cells is reported to have no impact on tooth movement, thus questioning the function of αβT cells in OTM-associated bone resorption.

A novel aspect may explain the mechanisms of pathogenicity of rheumatic fever, a multifactorial, autoimmune, infectious and inflammatory disorder which "licks the joints and bites the heart": A working hypothesis.

A novel hypothesis is presented to explain the pathogenesis of the multifactorial autoimmune disorder rheumatic fever (RF). It involves a synergistic interaction among streptococcal toxins, their cell wall components, M protein, immune complexes, complement components, cationic histones. These agents can act with cationic histones released by neutrophils during NETosis and bacteriolysis and can function as opsonic agents possessing properties similar to antibodies.

Repeated delivery of chlorhexidine chips for the treatment of peri-implantitis: A multicenter, randomized, comparative clinical trial.

Background: Peri-implantitis is a challenging condition to manage and is frequently treated using non-surgical debridement. The local delivery of antimicrobial agents has demonstrated benefit in mild to moderate cases of peri-implantitis. This study compared the safety and efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate 2.

Clinical and radiographic assessment of circular versus triangular cross-section neck Implants in the posterior maxilla: A 1-year randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Implants with a triangular neck were recently introduced to limit peri-implant bone loss. The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare peri-implant bone changes of circular versus triangular cross-section neck implants 1 year after loading. The secondary objectives were to assess buccal hard tissue thickness changes, Pink Esthetic Score (PES), and patient satisfaction.

Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Consensus Report.

Background: In Europe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 3.9 million deaths (45% of deaths), being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension (leading to heart failure) the major cause of these CVD related deaths. Periodontitis is also a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence, being severe periodontitis, affecting 11.

Teriparatide (recombinant parathyroid hormone 1-34) enhances bone allograft integration in a clinically relevant pig model of segmental mandibulectomy.

Massive craniofacial bone loss poses a clinical challenge to maxillofacial surgeons. Structural bone allografts are readily available at tissue banks but are rarely used due to a high failure rate. Previous studies showed that intermittent administration of recombinant parathyroid hormone (rPTH) enhanced integration of allografts in a murine model of calvarial bone defect.

The cationic liposome CCS/C adjuvant induces immunity to influenza independently of the adaptor protein MyD88.

Traditional non-living vaccines are often least effective in the populations that need them most, such as neonates and elderly adults. Vaccine adjuvants are one approach to boost the immunogenicity of antigens in populations with reduced immunity. Ideally, vaccine adjuvants will increase the seroconversion rates across the population, lead to stronger immune responses, and enable the administration of fewer vaccine doses.

Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: Consensus report.

Background: In Europe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 3.9 million deaths (45% of deaths), being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension (leading to heart failure) the major cause of these CVD related deaths. Periodontitis is also a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence, being severe periodontitis, affecting 11.

The impact of alloplast and allograft on bone homeostasis: Orthodontic tooth movement into regenerated bone.

Background: The aim of the study is to examine bone healing following augmentation with allograft or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and evaluate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) into the augmented sites.

Methods: The study included two parts. Part I included the alveolar bone regeneration model.

Effect of implant neck design on primary and secondary implant stability in the posterior maxilla: A prospective randomized controlled study.

Objective: To compare the early changes in implant stability of implants with different neck design during the first 3 months of healing in the posterior maxilla.

Materials And Methods: Patients were randomized to receive triangular neck implant (test), or round neck implant (control). Resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) measurements were obtained at surgery and at 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 60, and 90 days following implant placement.

Killing mechanism of bacteria within multi-species biofilm by blue light.

: The aim of the study was to characterize the immediate and delayed effects of non-coherent blue-light treatment on the composition and viability of an biofilm composed of anaerobic multispecies, as well as the mechanisms involved. : A multispecies biofilm was constructed of and , test groups were exposed to blue light. The multispecies biofilm was explored with a newly developed method based on flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.

Is the oral health reform in Israel optimally distributed? - A commentary.

A traditional and ethical principle recognizes a country's primary general welfare responsibility to the young and the old. However, the middle, adult, age group cannot and should not be disregarded. The current dental component of the National Health Insurance Law (NHIL), in Israel, only includes children and the elderly.

Myristoylation Confers Oral Bioavailability and Improves the Bioactivity of c(MyD 4-4), a Cyclic Peptide Inhibitor of MyD88.

Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) is an intracellular adaptor protein central to the signaling of multiple receptors involved in inflammation. Since innate immune inflammation promotes autoimmunity, MyD88 is an attractive target in autoimmune disease. We previously developed c(MyD 4-4), a novel cyclic peptide competitive inhibitor of MyD88 dimerization that is metabolically stable.