Anchorage Accurately Assembles Anchor-Flanked Synthetic Long Reads.

Modern sequencing technologies allow for the addition of short-sequence tags, known as anchors, to both ends of a captured molecule. Anchors are useful in assembling the full-length sequence of a captured molecule as they can be used to accurately determine the endpoints. One representative of such anchor-enabled technology is LoopSeq Solo, a synthetic long read (SLR) sequencing protocol.

Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use and change in alcohol consumption: a systematic review.

Background: Despite the availability of various pharmacological and behavioural interventions, alcohol-related mortality is rising. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the existing literature on the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use (GLP-1 RAs) and alcohol consumption.

Methods: Electronic searches were conducted on Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, clintrials.

Ni-Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylarylation of Unactivated Alkenes in Amines Enabled by Cooperative Ligand Effects of Nitriles and Electron-Deficient Alkenes.

We report a Ni-catalyzed vicinal alkylarylation of unactivated alkenes in γ,δ- and δ,ε-alkenylamines with aryl halides and alkylzinc reagents. The reaction is enabled by amine coordination and can use all primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. The reaction constructs two new C(sp)-C(sp) and C(sp)-C(sp) bonds and produces δ- and ε-arylamines with C(sp)-branching at the γ- and δ-positions.

Overcoming the conversion reaction limitation at three-phase interfaces using mixed conductors towards energy-dense solid-state Li-S batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) hold great promise for next-generation safe, durable and energy-dense battery technology. However, solid-state sulfur conversion reactions are kinetically sluggish and primarily constrained to the restricted three-phase boundary area of sulfur, carbon and solid electrolytes, making it challenging to achieve high sulfur utilization. Here we develop and implement mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) in sulfur cathodes to replace conventional solid electrolytes and invoke conversion reactions at sulfur-MIEC interfaces in addition to traditional three-phase boundaries.

Clinical Utility and Performance of the Traditional Chinese Version of the 4-As Test for Delirium Due to Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Delirium is a common symptom following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is often overlooked by healthcare professionals. Early detection of post-traumatic delirium is crucial to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. The four As Test (4AT: alertness, attention, abbreviated mental test-4, and acute mental changes) is a brief and rapid tool for delirium assessment with acceptable reliability and validity.

A comparison of gambling behaviors and beliefs in rural and urban populations in Pennsylvania.

Introduction: Little is known about the differences between rural and urban gamblers and potential vulnerabilities that may be unique to either population. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate differences between rural and urban Pennsylvanians' gambling behaviors and beliefs.

Methods: A dual-frame random digit dial survey was conducted in the US state of Pennsylvania.

Genomic diversity and potential transmission and persistence of Salmonella in the Cambodian vegetable supply chain.

S. enterica isolates (n = 78) obtained from the vegetable supply chain (farms, distribution centers, markets) in two Cambodian provinces (Siem Reap, Battambang) were sequenced and analyzed. In silico identification of serotypes and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes was performed using SISTR and ABRicate, respectively.

Endocytosis of Wnt ligands from surrounding epithelial cells positions microtubule nucleation sites at dendrite branch points.

Microtubule nucleation is important for microtubule organization in dendrites and for neuronal injury responses. The core nucleation protein, γTubulin (γTub), is localized to dendrite branch points in Drosophila sensory neurons by Wnt receptors and scaffolding proteins on endosomes. However, whether Wnt ligands are important is unknown.

Investigating the Relationship between Burnout, Workload, and Imposter Syndrome for Mental Health Nurses in the UK.

This study investigated the interrelationship between burnout, workload, and imposter syndrome among mental health nurses within the UK. Understanding their connections is crucial given the detrimental effects of these factors on workplace well-being. Despite extensive research on imposter syndrome in various healthcare professions, its exploration within nursing has been limited.

Barriers and Facilitators to Quality Healthcare for African Americans with Incarceration Histories.

Background: Prior research has shown that African American men and women are more likely to receive lower quality healthcare compared to their white counterparts, which is exacerbated in jail and prison healthcare systems.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore barriers and facilitators to quality healthcare among African American men and women released from Illinois State Prisons or Cook County Jail by examining their opinions and experiences with overall healthcare and cancer screening during and after incarceration.

Design: Four focus groups (n = 25 "co-researchers") were conducted to understand how formerly incarcerated African American men and women perceive and describe their experience of accessing, understanding, and utilizing healthcare during and after incarceration.

The Developmental Origins of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework contends that chronic diseases are attributable to behavioral and environmental risks encountered during vital periods of fetal and childhood development. Clinical research investigating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) largely focuses on adult risk factors, with emerging evidence of epigenetic contributions. Limited work considers potential childhood exposures.

Characterizing Architectural Glazing Performance for Circadian Light.

Growing research on the non-visual impacts of light underscores the importance of architectural glazing systems in managing transmitted shortwave solar light and shaping indoor circadian light, vital for enhancing well-being. This study, conducted in two phases, evaluates the effectiveness of existing window properties in predicting their contribution to circadian lighting. Initially, a decision tree analysis assessed these properties and revealed that although traditional glazing metrics are not entirely accurate for circadian performance estimations, they can still be effective when supplemented with specific thresholds as rapid tools for selecting windows optimized for circadian health.

Exploring novel determinants of exercise behavior: a lagged exposure-wide approach.

Unlabelled: Many middle-aged to older adults do not engage in regular exercise at all, despite its importance for healthy aging. Extensive research grounded in behavioral and social science theories has identified numerous determinants of exercise. However, few studies used an exposure-wide approach, a data-driven exploratory method particularly useful for identifying novel determinants.

Consensus review and considerations on TMS to treat depression: A comprehensive update endorsed by the National Network of Depression Centers, the Clinical TMS Society, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

This article updates the prior 2018 consensus statement by the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC) on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of depression, incorporating recent research and clinical developments. Publications on TMS and depression between September 2016 and April 2024 were identified using methods informed by PRISMA guidelines. The NNDC Neuromodulation Work Group met monthly between October 2022 and April 2024 to define important clinical topics and review pertinent literature.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Evidence for microbially-mediated tradeoffs between growth and defense throughout coral evolution.

Background: Evolutionary tradeoffs between life-history strategies are important in animal evolution. Because microbes can influence multiple aspects of host physiology, including growth rate and susceptibility to disease or stress, changes in animal-microbial symbioses have the potential to mediate life-history tradeoffs. Scleractinian corals provide a biodiverse, data-rich, and ecologically-relevant host system to explore this idea.

Racial Trauma and Black Mothers' Mental Health: Does Cognitive Flexibility Buffer the Effects of Racialized Stress?

Racialized stress disproportionately impacts Black individuals and confers increased risk for psychological distress and executive dysfunction. However, there is little evidence on psychological distress' association with cognitive flexibility (CF), an executive function theorized to be a neurocognitive resilience factor, as it is shown to reflect the ability to adapt thoughts/behaviors to changing environmental stimuli. As such, we aimed to examine the relation between racialized stress and psychological distress and the potential buffering effects of CF.

Splitting of the Girvin-MacDonald-Platzman Density Wave and the Nature of Chiral Gravitons in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect.

A fundamental manifestation of the nontrivial correlations of an incompressible fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state is that an electron added to it disintegrates into more elementary particles, namely fractionally-charged composite fermions (CFs). We show here that the Girvin-MacDonald-Platzman (GMP) density-wave excitation of the ν=n/(2pn±1) FQH states also splits into more elementary single CF excitons. In particular, the GMP graviton, which refers to the recently observed spin-2 neutral excitation in the vanishing wave vector limit [Liang et al.

Effects of physical activity on sleep quality among university students: chain mediation between rumination and depression levels.

Background: Colleges and universities are currently facing the major public health issue of poor sleep quality. Sleep quality must be taken seriously to maintain the students' emotional and physical well-being. Thus, this study sought to determine how university students' levels of physical activity related to the quality of their sleep, as well as to explore the mechanisms via which physical activity affects sleep and provide suggestions for improving it.

Demonstration of high-reconfigurability and low-power strong physical unclonable function empowered by FeFET cycle-to-cycle variation and charge-domain computing.

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are of immense potential in authentication scenarios for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. For creditable and lightweight PUF applications, key attributes, including low power, high reconfigurability and large challenge-response pair (CRP) space, are desirable. Here, we report a ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET)-based strong PUF with high reconfigurability and low power, which leverages the FeFET cycle-to-cycle variation throughout the workflow and introduces charge-domain in-memory computing.

Magnetochiral charge pumping due to charge trapping and skin effect in chirality-induced spin selectivity.

Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) generates giant spin polarization in transport through chiral molecules, paving the way for novel spintronic devices and enantiomer separation. Unlike conventional transport, CISS magnetoresistance (MR) violates Onsager's reciprocal relation, exhibiting significant resistance changes when reversing electrode magnetization at zero bias. However, its underlying mechanism remains unresolved.

Genomic signatures of adaptation in native lizards exposed to human-introduced fire ants.

Understanding the process of genetic adaptation in response to human-mediated ecological change will help elucidate the eco-evolutionary impacts of human activity. In the 1930s red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) were accidently introduced to the Southeastern USA, where today they are both venomous predators and toxic prey to native eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus). Here, we investigate potential lizard adaptation to invasive fire ants by generating whole-genome sequences from 420 lizards across three populations: one with long exposure to fire ants, and two unexposed populations.