Causative diseases of bloody sputum and hemoptysis in respiratory clinics in Japan.

Background: No previous studies have compared respiratory clinics and respiratory specialized facilities regarding causative diseases for bloody sputum and hemoptysis in Japan.

Methods: We retrospectively compared causative diseases for bloody sputum and hemoptysis between 3 respiratory clinics (clinic group) and 7 departments of respiratory medicine at hospitals (hospital group) in Japan.

Results: We collected data from 231 patients (median age, 51 years; age range, 24-96 years; 109 men (47.

Adult-onset hypophosphatasia diagnosed after consecutive tooth loss during orthodontic treatment: a case report.

Background: Adult hypophosphatasia is an uncommon inherited disorder of mineral homeostasis affecting bone. It arises from mutations within the Alkaline Phosphatase, Biomineralization Associated (ALPL) gene, which encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Because of its low prevalence and non-specific clinical manifestations, underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis are frequent, particularly in Asian populations.

A fusion protein of polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) and a Nudix hydrolase is involved in inorganic polyphosphate accumulation in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a linear polymer of phosphate that plays various roles in cells, including in phosphate and metal homeostasis. Homologs of the vacuolar transporter chaperone 4 (VTC4), catalyzing polyP synthesis in many eukaryotes, are absent in red algae, which are among the earliest divergent plant lineages. We identified homologs of polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1), a conserved polyP synthase in bacteria, in 42 eukaryotic genomes, including 31 species detected in this study and 12 species of red algae.

A review of the genus (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan.

Species of the genus Cuvier, 1829 (Pempheridae) from Japan and Taiwan are taxonomically reviewed based on morphology supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Ten species are recognized from these countries: Bleeker, 1855, Koeda & Motomura, 2017, Döderlein, 1883, Jordan & Evermann, 1902, Cuvier, 1831, Jordan & Hubbs, 1925, Bleeker, 1877, Koeda, Yoshino & Tachihara, 2013, Cuvier, 1831, Tominaga, 1963. Nine of them are distributed in Japan, and five of them in Taiwan.

Multiomics analyses reveal adipose-derived stem cells inhibit the inflammatory response of M1-like macrophages through secreting lactate.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are widely used in the field of regenerative medicine because of their various functions, including anti-inflammatory effects. ADSCs are considered to exert their anti-inflammatory effects by secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines and extracellular vesicles. Although recent studies have reported that metabolites have a variety of physiological activities, whether those secreted by ADSCs have anti-inflammatory properties remains unclear.

Adverse effects of total phosphate load from the environment on the skeletal formation of coral juveniles.

Nitrogen's impact on corals has been widely studied, but the role of phosphate is often overlooked due to its low concentrations in seawater. Previous studies have suggested that phosphate can penetrate intercellular spaces to reach the extracellular calcifying medium (ECM), where it adsorbs onto skeletal surfaces and disrupts calcium carbonate crystallization, thereby inhibiting skeletal growth. Based on this mechanism, we hypothesized that skeletal growth inhibition depends not only on phosphate concentration but also on total phosphate load (flow volume × concentration).

Significance and limitations of routine p16/Ki-67 immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic tool for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic utility and limitations of routine p16 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in the uterine cervix.

Methods: We reviewed 2,061 cervical biopsy records, including 271 morphologically indeterminate squamous lesions, evaluated using p16/Ki-67 IHC for HSIL detection or exclusion. HSIL was diagnosed based on p16 positivity and a high Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-LI).

Immune complexome analysis reveals an autoimmune signature predictive of COVID-19 severity.

Background: The factors contributing to the development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain unclear. Although the presence of immune complexes (ICs), formed between antibodies and their antigens, has been linked to COVID-19 severity, their role requires further investigation, and the antigens within these ICs are yet to be characterized.

Method: Here, a C1q enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay and immune complexome analysis were used to determine IC concentrations and characterize IC antigens, respectively, in the sera of 64 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, enrolled at seven participating centers in 2020.

ML385, a selective inhibitor of Nrf2, demonstrates efficacy in the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia.

Nrf2 plays a critical role in regulating cytoprotective transcriptional responses and glucose metabolism while also preventing inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. However, Nrf2 can paradoxically promote carcinogenesis. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of Nrf2 in ATL associated with HTLV-1.

In situ observations confirm that the wrought-iron butterflyfish Chaetodon daedalma is a facultative corallivore.

Here, we provide the first in situ observations of foraging habitats of Chaetodon daedalma, which is endemic to the subtropical north-west Pacific. Overall, 62.4% of bites were from the substratum, 30.

Scratch-Based Isolation of Primary Cells (SCIP): A Novel Method to Obtain a Large Number of Human Dental Pulp Cells Through One-Step Cultivation.

Dental pulp (DP) is a connective tissue composed of various cell types, including fibroblasts, neurons, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and odontoblasts. It contains a rich supply of pluripotent stem cells, making it an important resource for cell-based regenerative medicine. However, current stem cell collection methods rely heavily on the enzymatic digestion of dissected DP tissue to isolate and propagate primary cells, which often results in low recovery rates and reduced cell survival, particularly from deciduous teeth.

Factors related to the choice of warfarin for treating newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation are associated with safety outcomes during anticoagulation: A new-user, active-comparator, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF); however, warfarin is still used. This study examined why physicians may choose warfarin over DOACs and the associated safety outcomes in patients with NVAF.

Methods: We conducted a new-user, active-comparator cohort study in newly diagnosed patients with NVAF to assess safety outcomes after the introduction of DOACs in Japan.

A Rare Case of Autoimmune-Mediated Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Insufficiency Manifesting as the Acute Onset of Extremely Hypo-High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterolemia and Spontaneous Improvement: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature.

A 59-year-old Japanese woman was referred for an extremely low level of circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The serum HDL-C level had long been within the normal range but suddenly decreased asymptomatically to 7 mg/dL. She had no typical symptoms associated with familial lecithin, cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (FLD), including proteinuria, anemia, and corneal opacity.

The Role of Polyamines in pH Regulation in the Extracellular Calcifying Medium of Scleractinian Coral Spats.

This study aims to elucidate a novel mechanism for elevating the pH within the calicoblastic extracellular calcifying medium (pH) of corals and demonstrate the potential contribution of calcifying organisms to CO sequestration. Departing from traditional models that attribute the increase in pH primarily to H expulsion via Ca-ATPase, we emphasize the significant role of polyamines. These ubiquitous biogenic amines conveyed by calicoblastic cells through polyamine transporters demonstrate a remarkable affinity for CO.

Two new species and a new record of infaunal crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae and Varunidae) from Oman and Saudi Arabia.

Recent surveys of shallow subtidal soft-bottom habitats of Oman and the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia have uncovered several crabs new to science. Stemming from these efforts, two crab species are herein described as new to science. The first is a new pinnotherid crab, Indopinnixa arabica n.

Orcovita varungan n. sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Varunidae) from Muna Island, southern Sulawesi, Indonesia.

A new species of anchialine crab, Orcovita varungan n. sp., is described from Muna Island in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia.

A new hermit crab species of the genus Catapaguroides A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from Okinawa Island, southwestern Japan.

Catapaguroides ngankeeae n. sp., a new diminutive species of Paguridae, is described from shallow reef environments in Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan.

Tribasodes kamedai Nomura is not a strictly cavernicolous species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae).

Tribasodes kamedai Nomura, 2012 was described based on specimens collected in a limestone cave in Okinawa-jima Island. We demonstrate that this species is not a strict troglobite, but presumably a trogloxene, as it was recently collected in new localities from forest leaf litter and hollow trees. Tribasodes kamedai is redescribed in detail, with the first illustrations of female genitalia, notes on interspecific variability, and new distributional records.

The mantis shrimp genus Clorida Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Squillidae) in Japan, with the first Japanese record of Cloridina ichneumon (Fabricius, 1798).

We revised the previous records of Clorida japonica Manning, 1978 and conducted extensive field and museum material surveys in Japan. The material examined included five species of the genus Clorida Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842 as follows: C. japonica; C.

Glypturus ferox, a new species of ghost shrimp (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan.

The callichirid ghost shrimp genus Glypturus Stimpson, 1866 was represented until now by four extant species world-wide. Only G. armatus A.

Declining Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Co-Infections Among Young Japanese Women With Cervical Cancer and Its Precursors.

Co-infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) of multiple genotypes mainly occur due to increased sexual activity. To address the prevalence and trend of HPV co-infections in Japan, HPV-type-specific data from Japanese women (n = 8128) aged < 40 years and newly diagnosed with cervical abnormalities at 24 hospitals between 2012 and 2023 were analyzed. These included cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1/2 (CIN1/2, n = 2745), CIN3/adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (n = 3953), and invasive cervical cancer (ICC, n = 1430).