Revisiting medical oaths: how student-driven ethical codes reflect changing values.

Background: Medical oaths and ethical codes play a crucial role in guiding physicians through their professional responsibilities. This study extends prior research on ethical codes created by students at the Medical School for International Health (MSIH) by analysing codes from the years 2007 to 2022.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate changes in the ethical principles emphasised by MSIH students over time and to compare these with previous cohorts.

A neurocognitive pathway for engineering artificial touch.

Artificial haptics has the potential to revolutionize the way we integrate physical and virtual technologies in our daily lives, with implications for teleoperation, motor skill acquisition, rehabilitation, gaming, interpersonal communication, and beyond. Here, we delve into the intricate interplay between the somatosensory system and engineered haptic inputs for perception and action. We critically examine the sensory feedback's fidelity and the cognitive demands of interfacing with these systems.

Ethnic Disparities in Chronic Diseases: Comparison Between Arabs and Jews in Israel.

Background: The lifestyle of the Arab population in Israel has changed in the last few decades, and modernization and urbanization have impacted the prevalence of chronic diseases.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases in the Arab population compared to the Jewish population in Israel.

Methods: This retrospective study included Arab and Jewish people insured by Israel's largest health maintenance organization.

Classifying vocal responses of broilers to environmental stressors via artificial neural network.

Detecting early-stage stress in broiler farms is crucial for optimising growth rates and animal well-being. This study aims to classify various stress calls in broilers exposed to cold, heat, or wind, using acoustic signal processing and a transformer artificial neural network (ANN). Two consecutive trials were conducted with varying amounts of collected data, and three ANN models with the same architecture but different parameters were examined.

Nephrocalcinosis tendency does not worsen under burosumab treatment for X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: a multicenter pediatric study.

Background: X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is associated with uninhibited FGF23 activity, which leads to phosphaturia, hypophosphatemia and depressed active vitamin D (1,25OH2D) levels. Conventional treatment with phosphate supplements and vitamin D analogs may lead to hypercalciuria (HC), nephrocalcinosis (NC) and hyperparathyroidism. We investigated the effects of burosumab treatment, an anti-FGF23 monoclonal antibody recently approved for XLH, on these complications.

Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligase PUB41 positively regulates ABA-mediated seed dormancy and drought response.

Unlabelled: Seed germination is a tightly regulated, non-reversible developmental process, and it is crucial to prevent premature germination under conditions that may not allow the plant's life cycle to be completed. The plant hormone ABA is the key regulator of seed dormancy and inhibition of germination. ABA is also involved in the plant response to drought.

In COVID-19 Patients Supported with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Intensive Care Unit Mortality Is Associated with the Blood Transfusion Rate.

: The COVID-19 pandemic markedly increased the number of patients with infection-related acute respiratory distress syndrome who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and multiple blood transfusions. This study aimed to assess a potential correlation between the daily rate of transfused blood products and the intensive care unit (ICU) outcome of ECMO-supported COVID-19 patients. : Data were retrieved from the electronic databases of three Israeli tertiary care centers.

Outcomes and Prognosis of COVID-19-Induced Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients Treated with Prolonged Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Predicting whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment duration affects prognosis is important both medically and economically. : We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study to better understand the outcomes of patients treated with veno-venous (VV) ECMO over a prolonged duration, analyzing data from the Israel ECMO registry. The study included all adult patients treated with VV-ECMO due to COVID-19-induced respiratory failure.

Perioperative Lung Ultrasound Findings in Elective Intra-Abdominal Surgery: Associations with Postoperative Pulmonary Complications.

For patients undergoing abdominal surgery, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a major source of morbidity and mortality. The use of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS), and specifically POCUS of the lungs, has seen many advancements in recent years. We hypothesize that perioperative lung ultrasonography can be used as a predictor for PPCs.

The Association Between Sarcoidosis and Malignancy: A Comprehensive Population-Based Cohort Study.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder with a variable clinical course and complications. The relationship between sarcoidosis and malignancies remains unclear, including specific malignancy associations with sarcoidosis and whether the association is short-term, long-term, or a result of misdiagnoses or coincidence. This study investigated the association between sarcoidosis and malignancy by analyzing the varying intervals between the diagnoses of these two conditions to clarify their inter-relationship.

Roadmap and Considerations for Genome Editing in a Non-Model Organism: Genetic Variations and Off-Target Profiling.

The CRISPR/Cas genome editing approach in non-model organisms poses challenges that remain to be resolved. Here, we demonstrated a generalized roadmap for a de novo genome annotation approach applied to the non-model organism . We also addressed the typical genome editing challenges arising from genetic variations, such as a high frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms, differences in sex chromosomes, and repetitive sequences that can lead to off-target events.

Corneal cross-linking.

First introduced over 20 years ago as a treatment for progressive keratoconus, the original "Dresden" corneal cross-linking (CXL) protocol involved riboflavin saturation of the stroma, followed by 30 min of 3 mW/cm-intensity ultraviolet-A (UV-A) irradiation. This procedure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cross-link stromal molecules, thereby stiffening the cornea and counteracting the ectasia-induced weakening. Due to their large size, riboflavin molecules cannot readily pass through the corneal epithelial cell tight junctions; thus, epithelial debridement was performed.

Biochemical and neurophysiological effects of deficiency of the mitochondrial import protein TIMM50.

TIMM50, an essential TIM23 complex subunit, is suggested to facilitate the import of ~60% of the mitochondrial proteome. In this study, we characterized a disease-causing mutation in human fibroblasts and noted significant decreases in TIM23 core protein levels (TIMM50, TIMM17A/B, and TIMM23). Strikingly, TIMM50 deficiency had no impact on the steady-state levels of most of its putative substrates, suggesting that even low levels of a functional TIM23 complex are sufficient to maintain the majority of TIM23 complex-dependent mitochondrial proteome.

The dance of smiles: Comparing smile synchrony in nondistressed and therapy-seeking couples.

Dyadic affective processes are key determinants of romantic relationship quality. One such process termed emotional synchrony (i.e.

Short Exposure to Full Moonlight Has a Long-Term Impact on Brassica juncea Cell Activity and Growth.

Lunar farming, often regarded as a myth, is regularly practiced in many places around the world (e.g., India) where framers organized their agricultural activities according to moon phases.

Resilience of primary healthcare facilities: Experiences from 16 European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods study conducted by EURIPA.

Background: The role of primary healthcare (PHC) during a pandemic varies across European countries. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered the working practices of family medicine doctors and impacted the resilience of healthcare systems.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine European healthcare system responses to the pandemic, focusing on rural and urban differences.

Unified Clinical Vocabulary Embeddings for Advancing Precision Medicine.

Integrating clinical knowledge into AI remains challenging despite numerous medical guidelines and vocabularies. Medical codes, central to healthcare systems, often reflect operational patterns shaped by geographic factors, national policies, insurance frameworks, and physician practices rather than the precise representation of clinical knowledge. This disconnect hampers AI in representing clinical relationships, raising concerns about bias, transparency, and generalizability.

Physicians' views and knowledge on the antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in advanced dementia.

Background: Antibiotic treatment (AT) for patients with advanced dementia and pneumonia is a complex issue. AT can prolong life, but it can also prolong suffering for the patient and the family. In this study we evaluated physicians' attitudes to this issue.

Evaluation of storage parameters of platelet-rich plasma in functional assay of epithelial gap repair.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), produced from autologous blood and containing growth factors, has shown promise in treating various conditions, including diabetic wounds. However, as expected, patient compliance is low in the context of repeated treatments as required for hard-to-heal wounds. This study investigates the efficacy of PRP stored under refrigeration for up to 2 weeks in promoting in-vitro human epithelial cell gap closure.

Estimating the effect of annual PM exposure on mortality in India: a difference-in-differences approach.

Background: In 2019, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study attributed 0·98 million deaths to ambient air pollution in India based on potentially inappropriate exposure-response functions from countries with low air pollution levels. Instead, using data from India, we investigated long-term exposure to PM and all-cause mortality with a causal inference method.

Methods: We collected national counts of annual mortality from 2009 to 2019 from the Civil Registration System at the district level to calculate annual district-level mortality rate as our main outcome and obtained annual PM concentrations from a high-resolution spatiotemporal model.

Lower respiratory tract infections following respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody nirsevimab immunization versus placebo: Analysis from a Phase 3 randomized clinical trial (MELODY).

Background: Nirsevimab is an extended half-life, highly potent neutralizing monoclonal antibody against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein, with efficacy in preventing RSV-associated medically attended (MA) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and medically vulnerable children (aged ≤24 months). This post-hoc exploratory analysis examined the incidence of LRTI from RSV and other respiratory pathogens during a 2:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of nirsevimab, in healthy-term and late-preterm (i.e.

Characterizing changes in executive functions and performance in daily activities after chemotherapy: A pre-post mixed-methods study protocol.

Background: Impairments in higher cognitive abilities (termed executive functions (EF) are common among individuals with cancer following chemotherapy and may impact their performance of daily activities. Our aim is to better understand the changes in EF and the impact on performance in daily activities of individuals with cancer pre- and post-chemotherapy.

Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-method pre-post experimental design.

Underrepresentation of atopic dermatitis publications in pediatric journals: a bibliometric analysis.

Extensive research has been published on atopic dermatitis (AD), a prevalent skin condition among pediatricians. To assess the pediatric representation in the most cited literature on AD, using bibliometric analysis. Web of Science citation indexing database was used to identify publications with "atopic" and "dermatitis" or "eczema" in their title.