Dual anaerobic reactor model to study biofilm and microbiologically influenced corrosion interactions on carbon steel.

Continual challenges due to microbial corrosion are faced by the maritime, offshore renewable and energy sectors. Understanding the biofilm and microbiologically influenced corrosion interaction is hindered by the lack of robust and reproducible physical models that reflect operating environments. A novel dual anaerobic biofilm reactor, using a complex microbial consortium sampled from marine littoral sediment, allowed the electrochemical performance of UNS G10180 carbon steel to be studied simultaneously in anaerobic abiotic and biotic artificial seawater.

Fabrication and comparison of interlaminar fracture toughness behaviour of glass epoxy composites with recycled milled Kevlar-carbon hybrid fillers.

Current research uses a novel recycled milled carbon (rmCF), recycled milled Kevlar (rmKF), and innovative Hybrid fillers (rmHF) of both to increase glass/epoxy composite laminate delamination resistance. This study examines how crack propagation and fibre orientation affect laminated composite delamination fracture toughness. Recycled milled Fillers in the interlayer increase stiffness, delamination resistance, and fracture toughness by increasing the energy needed to crack the interlaminar domain.

Semaphorin 3A repulsion directs the caudal projection of pioneer longitudinal axons in the developing chicken brain.

The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is the first axon tract to develop in the ventral vertebrate brain. It originates in the diencephalon and projects caudally into the spinal cord, pioneering the path for later developing axons. Previous anatomical and expression analyses in the chicken suggested Semaphorin 3 A (Sema3A) as the candidate to repel the amniote MLF from the forebrain.

Public perceptions of nature-based coastal solutions in the UK.

Coastal scientists are increasingly advocating for nature-based coastal solutions (NBCS) to ensure long-term coastal sustainability. Implementing NBCS will change coastal landscapes, necessitating consultation with the wider public as such changes directly affect the socio-cultural values of coastal zone residents and users. We, therefore, investigate public willingness to support, preferences for, and perceived effectiveness of coastal management solutions, nature-based and otherwise, focusing on the UK as a case study.

Modulating the tumor microenvironment in a mouse model of colon cancer using a combination of HIF-1α inhibitors and Toll-Like Receptor 7 agonists.

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in the response to various anticancer therapies, such as immune and chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, the synergistic effects of gene-targeting HIF-1α siRNA combined with Toll-Like Receptor 7 agonist on TME remodeling were investigated in a mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC). A HIF-1α-specific siRNA duplex was formulated based on the ionic gelation of tripolyphosphate (TPP) with cationic chitosan (CH) as a nanoplex and evaluated in terms of size, charge, polydispersity index and gel retardation assay.

Exploring attitudes to decolonising the science curriculum-A UK Higher Education case study.

Scientific advances are historically linked to colonial actions of past empires resulting in knowledge production biased towards the West with minimal representation of scholars of other ethnicities than White in science curricula in Higher Education (HE). Calls to decolonise science curricula seek to diversify content by acknowledging the role of racism and privilege in the history of science, aiming at creating a HE that is less isolating for minoritised ethnicities and feels welcoming to students of all identities. This case study explored science teaching staff's familiarity with and misconceptions of decolonisation at a UK HE institution using an online questionnaire.

REST-dependent glioma progression occurs independently of the repression of the long non-coding RNA HAR1A.

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), HAR1A is emerging as a putative tumour suppressor. In non-neoplastic brain cells, REST suppresses HAR1A expression. In gliomas REST acts as an oncogene and is a potential therapeutic target.

Genotyping and Characterizing to Reveal Genetic Diversity and Multiplicity of Infection by Merozoite Surface Proteins 1 and 2 ( and ) and Glutamate-Rich Protein () Genes.

Resistance to current antimalarial drugs is steadily increasing, and new drugs are required. Drug efficacy trials remain the gold standard to assess the effectiveness of a given drug. The World Health Organization (WHO)'s recommendation for the optimal duration of follow-up for assessing antimalarial efficacy is a minimum of 28 days.

Biochemical and structural characterization of enzymes in the 4-hydroxybenzoate catabolic pathway of lignin-degrading white-rot fungi.

White-rot fungi (WRF) are the most efficient lignin-degrading organisms in nature. However, their capacity to use lignin-related aromatic compounds, such as 4-hydroxybenzoate, as carbon sources has only been described recently. Previously, the hydroxyquinol pathway was proposed for the bioconversion of these compounds in fungi, but gene- and structure-function relationships of the full enzymatic pathway remain uncharacterized in any single fungal species.

Photoregulatory functions drive variation in eye coloration across macaque species.

Primates, the most colorful mammalian radiation, have previously served as an interesting model to test the functions and evolutionary drivers of variation in eye color. We assess the contribution of photo-regulatory and communicative functions to the external eye appearance of nine macaque species representing all the branches of their radiation. Macaques' well described social structure and wide geographical distribution make them interesting to explore.

Histopathological outcomes of transanal, robotic, open, and laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer resection. A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: While total mesorectal excision is the gold standard for rectal cancer, the optimal surgical approach to achieve adequate oncological outcomes remains controversial. This network meta-analysis aims to compare the histopathological outcomes of robotic (R-RR), transanal (Ta-RR), laparoscopic (L-RR), and open (O-RR) resections for rectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were screened from inception to June 2024.

The Parkinson's disease drug entacapone disrupts gut microbiome homoeostasis via iron sequestration.

Many human-targeted drugs alter the gut microbiome, leading to implications for host health. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well known. Here we combined quantitative microbiome profiling, long-read metagenomics, stable isotope probing and single-cell chemical imaging to investigate the impact of two widely prescribed drugs on the gut microbiome.

Development of a novel 'In-Water Mass Casualty Triage Tool'.

The number of in-water mass casualty incidents has increased in recent years and provides significant challenges to rescuers. Existing triage systems require the rescue of immersed (in water) casualties before triage is undertaken. A tool that enables triage to be undertaken rescue, and therefore the prioritisation of that rescue, should improve the efficiency, efficacy and survival rate associated with the management of such incidents.

3D printed customized facemask for early treatment of Class III malocclusion: a two-center case series feasibility study.

Background: This prospective two-center case series feasibility study aimed to investigate the potential of a novel maxillary protraction facemask customized to the patients' anatomy recorded with 3D face scanning and then produced by digital design and additive manufacturing.

Methods: Ten subjects (5 females and 5 males, average age 7.7±1.

Socioeconomic inequalities in high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: A non-experimental population-based study.

Background: High-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) has adverse health, social and economic effects on women. An understanding of socioeconomic inequalities is needed to design effective interventions targeted to lower maternal morbidity and mortality due to HRFB.

Objectives: The objective was to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in HRFB among Nigerian women.

Navigating athlete development in elite sport: Understanding the barriers to the provision of performance lifestyle service in England.

The English Performance Lifestyle (PL) service is a Career Assistance Program that aims to support British elite athletes in their holistic development throughout their time in elite sport to support their mental health and career prospects during and following their careers as athletes. Yet, despite the widespread existence and significant funding dedicated to this service, researchers have identified how it is often not fully embedded or used by sport organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to extend previous research by understanding the barriers to the provision of the PL service.

Safe implementation of minimally invasive surgery in a specialized colorectal cancer unit.

Introduction: In the past 30 years, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has made remarkable progress and has become the standard of care in colorectal cancer treatment. The implementation of new techniques or platforms is, therefore, a challenge for surgical teams. This study aims to analyze the experience in the implementation of minimally invasive surgery in the colorectal unit in a specialized colorectal cancer center.