Oxygen-Passivated Sulfur Vacancies in Monolayer MoS for Enhanced Piezoelectricity.

Modern-day applications demand onboard electricity generation that can be achieved using piezoelectric phenomena. Reducing the dimensionality of materials is a pathway to enhancing the piezoelectric properties. Transition-metal dichalcogenides have been shown to exhibit high piezoelectricity.

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor and risk of postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a case-cohort analysis.

Background: Higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) increases postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but evidence for insulin and c-peptide is limited. Further, not all studies have accounted for potential confounding by biomarkers from other biological pathways, and not all were restricted to estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer.

Methods: This was a case-cohort study of 1,223 postmenopausal women (347 with ER-positive breast cancer) from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study.

Perioperative Management of Patients with Preeclampsia: A Comprehensive Review.

Preeclampsia is a common condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension complicated by cerebral, cardiac, hepatic, renal, hematologic, and placental dysfunction. Patients with preeclampsia frequently undergo cesarean delivery, the most common major surgical procedure in the world. They represent a high-risk perioperative cohort suffering significant preventable morbidity and mortality.

Unraveling the bidirectional link between cancer and dementia and the impact of cancer therapies on dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Observational studies on the cancer-dementia relationship have yielded controversial results. This study systematically reviews the evidence to clarify this association. We searched Embase, Global Health, Ovid Medline, and APA PsycInfo.

A co-registration method to validate optical coherence tomography in the breast surgical cavity.

Breast-conserving surgery accompanied by adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard of care for patients with early-stage breast cancer. However, re-excision is reported in 20-30 % of cases, largely because of close or involved tumor margins in the specimen. Several intraoperative tumor margin assessment techniques have been proposed to overcome this issue, however, none have been widely adopted.

Challenges in Care Provision for Children and Adolescents With Differences of Sex Development.

Objectives: The ideal model of care for individuals with Differences of Sex Development (DSD) continues to evolve, with multiple models proposed. This study aimed to explore current care models for individuals with DSD in Australia and New Zealand (NZ) and to identify clinician perceptions of gaps and barriers in current practice.

Methods: Cross-sectional anonymous online questionnaire, conducted via Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software.

Conceptualising Centres of Clinical Excellence: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Centres of clinical excellence (CoCE) are healthcare facilities that provide excellent healthcare. However, despite their increasing prevalence, it is unclear how CoCE are identified and monitored. This paper explores how CoCE has been described in the literature, including its defining characteristics and selection and monitoring processes.

Impact of alternative diagnostic labels for melanoma in situ on management choices and psychological outcomes: protocol for an online randomised study.

Introduction: A diagnosis of melanoma in situ presents negligible risk to a person's lifespan or physical well-being, but existing terminology makes it difficult for patients to distinguish these from higher risk invasive melanomas. This study aims to explore whether using an alternative label for melanoma in situ may influence patients' management choices and anxiety levels.

Methods And Analysis: This study is a between-subjects randomised online experiment, using hypothetical scenarios.

Protocol for a multisite randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of the Telehealth for Early Developmental Intervention in babies born very preterm (TEDI-Prem) programme on neurodevelopmental outcomes and parent well-being.

Introduction: Infants born very preterm (VPT, <32 weeks' gestation) are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental impairments including motor, cognitive and behavioural delay. Parents of infants born VPT also have poorer mental health outcomes compared with parents of infants born at term.We have developed an intervention programme called TEDI-Prem (Telehealth for Early Developmental Intervention in babies born very preterm) based on previous research.

Mailed smoking cessation support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke: protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness - implementation trial.

Introduction: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and the single most significant risk behaviour contributing to adverse health conditions among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. There is an urgent need for innovative approaches to support reductions in smoking prevalence. This study will assess the implementation and effectiveness of a mailed smoking cessation support programme that includes nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) () for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Financial burden of complications following lung resection: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Global healthcare expenditures are rising, driven largely by increased spending in both high- and low-income countries with hospitalisation as a primary contributor. Respiratory diseases, particularly lung cancer, pose significant public health and economic challenges with thoracic surgery as the standard curative treatment. Complications post resection, such as arrhythmias, infections and respiratory failure, result in substantial healthcare costs and resource demands.

PAK3 pathogenic variant associated with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy in a family with parental mosaicism.

Protein-activated kinases mediate spine morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity. PAK3 is part of the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) family of Ras-signaling serine/threonine kinases. Pathogenic variants in the X-linked gene PAK3 have been described in patients with neurodevelopmental syndromes.

How to Approach a Child About Concerns for Their Mental Health and Seeking Help: A Delphi Expert Consensus Study to Develop Guidelines on Mental Health First Aid for Supporting Children.

Background: Adults who live or work with children are an important source of support and are gateways to professional help when a child is experiencing a mental health problem. This study aimed to develop consensus-based guidelines on how adults such as parents, educators or health professionals should approach a child aged 5-12 years to discuss concerns about the child's mental health and seek help.

Methods: A Delphi consensus method with three rounds was used.

Debate: Where to next for universal school-based mental health interventions? The value of student voices in informing the design and implementation of universal school-based mental health interventions.

Universal school-based mental health interventions present a promising approach to addressing youth mental health challenges; however, evidence suggests their effectiveness is often limited and unsustained. One contributing factor to this issue is the frequent superficial involvement of students in the design, implementation and evaluation of initiatives. In response, this paper advocates for the urgent prioritisation of student voice within these programmes, using in-depth and purposive qualitative approaches that empower youth to actively co-create and shape interventions.

Acceptability of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in Papua New Guinea: a qualitative study.

Background: In moderate-to-high malaria transmission regions, the World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) alongside insecticide-treated bed nets to reduce the adverse consequences of pregnancy-associated malaria. Due to high-grade Plasmodium falciparum resistance to SP, novel treatment regimens need to be evaluated for IPTp, but these increase pill burden and treatment days. The present qualitative study assessed the acceptability of IPTp-SP plus dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in Papua New Guinea, where IPTp-SP was implemented in 2009.

Finding the right dose: a scoping review examining facilitation as an implementation strategy for evidence-based stroke care.

Background: Despite evidence supporting interventions that improve outcomes for patients with stroke, their implementation remains suboptimal. Facilitation can support implementation of research into clinical practice by helping people develop the strategies to implement change. However, variability in the amount (dose) and type of facilitation activities/facilitator roles that make up the facilitation strategies (content), may affect the effectiveness of facilitation.

Factors which influence social connection among cancer caregivers: an exploratory, interview study.

Background/aims: Social connectedness is increasingly recognised as influencing health outcomes in cancer caregivers; however, there is little understanding of factors which foster feelings of social connectedness among caregivers when providing care. We sought to examine from the caregivers' perspective, factors which contribute to perceived social connection when providing care to someone with cancer.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 caregivers of people with cancer.

Retinal vascular fingerprints predict incident stroke: findings from the UK Biobank cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the associations between a comprehensive set of retinal vascular parameters and incident stroke to unveil new associations and explore its predictive power for stroke risk.

Methods: Retinal vascular parameters were extracted from the UK Biobank fundus images using the Retina-based Microvascular Health Assessment System. We used Cox regression analysis, adjusted for traditional risk factors, to examine the associations, with false discovery rate adjustment for multiple comparisons.

The ongoing impact of COVID-19 on the clinical education of Australian medical radiation science students.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant and ongoing impact on health care, particularly for medical radiation science (MRS) professionals. There exist many studies that describe the negative effects of clinical placement restrictions and access to universities on the well-being of all health professional students during the pandemic. There also exists evidence of changes to MRS student teaching and impacts to students and academic clinical educators; however, there exists a paucity of research that investigates how changes have affected the performance of students within the clinical environment and entering the workforce.

Branch retinal vein occlusion and Valsalva manoeuvre in wind instrument players and singers.

Clinical Relevance: There are many recognised risk factors for retinal vein occlusions. It is plausible that musicians who play wind instruments or use their voice as their primary instrument may be at increased risk of branch retinal vein occlusions through repeated Valsalva manoeuvre.

Background: Repeated valsalva manoeuvres are commonly performed by musicians using high resistance wind instruments.