Triboelectric charging and dissipation characteristics of the Maquet Quadrox-D membrane oxygenator.

Triboelectric charging is commonly detected during cardiopulmonary bypass in circuits using roller pumps and PVC tubing. Dissipation of this charging is needed to prevent a spontaneous discharge from occurring. We evaluated the ability of the Quadrox-D (Maquet) to effectively remove the electrostatic charge accumulation, with and without a heater/cooler connection (H/C).

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Breast Cancer.

Intrinsic antioxidant enzymes (AE) are essential for protection against potential cellular damage by free radicals (FRs), which affect a variety of biological processes. The levels or activities of AEs can be abnormal in human malignancies in general, and FR production is a possible mechanism of estrogen related carcinogenesis specifically. However, the role of AEs in breast cancer ramains unclear.