292 results match your criteria: "University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich[Affiliation]"

Background: Compensatory movements frequently emerge in the process of motor recovery after a stroke. Given their potential for unfavorable long-term effects, it is crucial to assess and document compensatory movements throughout rehabilitation. However, clinically applicable assessment tools are currently limited.

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Hydration alters viscosity of nasal secretions in postnasal drip.

Rhinology

December 2024

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

In our recent study, increased viscosity, delayed mucociliary clearance as well as hyposensitivity/dysesthesia of the nasopharynx seemed to play a relevant role in the pathophysiology of postnasal drip (PND) (1). Earlier concepts of PND, regarding an increased volume of secretions and atopy, do not seem to hold true since our latest analyses showed no significant difference between cases and controls (1). However, to this day its therapy is debated and the evidence for an effective treatment of PND is lacking so far.

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Background: Iron deficiency anemia in the perioperative setting is treated predominantly with intravenous iron formulation, of which ferric carboxymaltose may induce hypophosphatemia by modulating fibroblast growth factor 23.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, we consented 92 adult patients scheduled for elective major abdominal or thoracic surgery. These patients either had isolated iron deficiency (plasma ferritin <100 ng/mL or transferrin saturation < 20 %) or iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) 100-130 g/L with plasma ferritin <100 ng/mL or transferrin saturation < 20 %).

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Firm, yet flexible: a fidelity debate paper with two case examples.

Implement Sci

December 2024

Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, Universitätstrasse 84, Zurich, 8006, Switzerland.

Article Synopsis
  • - The paper discusses the importance of intervention and implementation fidelity in healthcare research, emphasizing that strict adherence to core components of interventions is crucial for meaningful evaluation of outcomes.
  • - It highlights the need for flexibility in defining fidelity, as varying contexts and implementation strategies require researchers to adapt their approaches while ensuring that fidelity criteria are transparent and context-dependent.
  • - The authors argue that fidelity assessments should consider not just individual behaviors, but also organizational and system factors, further complicating the evaluation process and necessitating a deeper understanding of fidelity concepts.
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Expression of p53 in human adipose tissue correlates positively with FAS and BMI.

Int J Obes (Lond)

December 2024

Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Article Synopsis
  • Activation of Fas in adipocytes inhibits the browning process, potentially leading to increased body weight gain in mice, and its expression correlates with higher BMI in humans.
  • The study found that Fas activation decreases energy expenditure through reduced protein levels of p53, a tumor suppressor, in adipocytes.
  • In humans, higher p53 levels in subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue were linked to increased BMI, while higher levels in visceral fat were associated with lower insulin sensitivity.
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  • Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) involves replacing a recipient's blood stem cells with those from a donor, and this study analyzed the long-term effects on stem cell populations over 9-31 years post-transplant.
  • Researchers sequenced genomes from nearly 3,000 single-cell-derived blood colonies from ten donor-recipient pairs and found that younger donors contributed significantly more engrafted stem cells compared to older donors, leading to differences in blood cell types produced.
  • The study identified that recipients experienced a decrease in clonal diversity, akin to accelerated aging, due to two types of selection processes: one occurring in the donor before the transplant and another in the recipient's marrow after engraftment, which revealed
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Purpose: Antibiotics are often only available in predefined pack sizes, which may not align with guideline recommendations. This can result in leftover pills, leading to inappropriate self-medication or waste disposal, which can both foster the development of antibiotic resistance. The magnitude of inappropriate pack sizes is largely unknown.

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Background: The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in several European countries involved collaboration between public health and Primary Health Care (PHC).

Objective: To highlight the role of PHC professionals in the COVID-19 vaccination rollout, specifically in terms of vaccine administration, communication and contributing to vaccination population coverage.

Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign across 28 European countries was conducted, covering data from December 2020 to November 2021.

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Fabrication of Tuneable Tissue-Mimicking Phantom for Optical Methods.

Adv Exp Med Biol

October 2024

Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory (BORL), Department of Neonatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Article Synopsis
  • Tissue mimicking optical phantoms are essential for testing near-infrared imaging devices, but existing models lack complexity and variability in their properties.
  • The project focused on creating a novel phantom that features dynamic internal shapes and adjustable optical properties, made from silicone and a water-soluble material.
  • The resulting phantom successfully demonstrated accurate imaging and changes in light intensity upon testing with frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy and time domain optical tomography.
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  • The study looked at how much blood patients lost during surgery if they had high levels of certain blood thinners called FXa inhibitors, without reversing their effects before surgery.
  • Researchers collected data from 32 patients who had emergency operations between 2018 and 2022 and found that blood loss was generally low, even with high levels of the medicine in their systems.
  • The results showed that one type of blood thinner caused a bit more blood loss than another, but overall, the method of waiting and monitoring worked fine, and no serious complications happened.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study looked at two types of surgeries for back problems: decompression alone and decompression with fusion.
  • They wanted to see which surgery helped people feel better and if they needed extra care afterward.
  • After 3 years, both surgeries seemed to work about the same, but people with the fusion surgery went to physical therapy more.
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BackgroundIn Europe and other high-income countries, antibiotics are mainly prescribed in the outpatient setting, which consists of primary, specialist and hospital-affiliated outpatient care. Established surveillance platforms report antimicrobial consumption (AMC) on aggregated levels and the contribution of the different prescriber groups is unknown.AimTo determine the contribution of different prescribers to the overall outpatient AMC in Switzerland.

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Aims: Infections by the larval stage of the tape worms Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus s.l. are potentially fatal zoonoses affecting humans as dead-end hosts.

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Fas (CD95) expression in adipocytes contributes to diet-induced obesity.

Obesity (Silver Spring)

October 2024

Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Objective: Induction of browning in white adipose tissue (WAT) increases energy expenditure and may be an attractive target for the treatment of obesity. Since activation of Fas (CD95) induces pathways known to blunt expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), we hypothesized that Fas expression in adipocytes inhibits WAT browning and thus contributes to the development of obesity.

Methods: Adipocyte-specific Fas knockout (Fas) and control littermate (Fas) mice were fed a regular chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks.

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A broad range of brain pathologies critically relies on the vasculature, and cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. However, the cellular and molecular architecture of the human brain vasculature remains incompletely understood. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of 606,380 freshly isolated endothelial cells, perivascular cells and other tissue-derived cells from 117 samples, from 68 human fetuses and adult patients to construct a molecular atlas of the developing fetal, adult control and diseased human brain vasculature.

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  • Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare skin condition with unclear causes, but recent research identified IL-1β as a crucial factor in its development.
  • Treatment with IL-1 antagonists like anakinra and canakinumab led to significant improvements in patients, including reduced skin lesions within a few weeks.
  • The findings suggest that PRP could be redefined as an autoinflammatory keratinization disorder, highlighting the need for further clinical trials to test the effectiveness of targeting IL-1β in treatment.
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Background: While potential risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been extensively researched, it remains unclear how persons with MS theorize about their MS. Such theories may affect mental health and treatment adherence. Using natural language processing techniques, we investigated large-scale text data about theories that persons with MS have about the causes of their disease.

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Introduction: Despite advances in neonatal care, late-onset sepsis remains an important cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Neonatal late-onset sepsis rates have decreased in some countries, while in others they have not. Our objective was to compare trends in late-onset sepsis rates in 9 population-based networks from 10 countries and to assess the associated mortality within 7 days of late-onset sepsis.

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Background: One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has been proposed as an effective alternative to the current standard procedure in Switzerland, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Prospective data comparing both procedures are scarce. Therefore, we performed a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness and safety of these 2 operative techniques.

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  • Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) usually reside in the bone marrow, where the microenvironment regulates their activity, but simpler extramedullary niches also exist.
  • The study suggests that the adult adrenal gland can be manipulated into a supportive environment for HSPCs through splenectomy and hormonal stimulation, leading to new stromal formations capable of hosting these stem cells.
  • Created niches in the adrenal gland utilize the CXCR4-CXCL12 signaling pathway for HSPC homing, and similar cells were found in human adrenal tumors, indicating potential for further research and therapeutic strategies in hematopoiesis.
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Mutations in the SLC1A4 transporter lead to neurodevelopmental impairments, spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum and microcephaly in children. SLC1A4 catalyses obligatory amino acid exchange between neutral amino acids, but the physiopathology of SLC1A4 disease mutations and progressive microcephaly remain unclear. Here, we examined the phenotype and metabolic profile of three Slc1a4 mouse models: a constitutive Slc1a4-knockout mouse; a knock-in mouse with the major human Slc1a4 mutation (Slc1a4-K256E); and a selective knockout of Slc1a4 in brain endothelial cells (Slc1a4tie2-cre).

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Introduction: The Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMMA) is recommended for evaluating stroke motor recovery in clinical practice and research. However, its widespread use requires refined reliability data, particularly across different health professions. We therefore investigated the interrater reliability of the FMMA scored by a physical therapist and a physician using video recordings of stroke patients.

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