Optimum Inhibition of Amphotericin-B-Resistant Strain in Single- and Mixed-Species Biofilms by and Non- Terpenoids.

is one of the most common human fungal pathogens and represents the most important cause of opportunistic mycoses worldwide. Surgical devices including catheters are easily contaminated with via its formation of drug-resistant biofilms. In this study, amphotericin-B-resistant strains were isolated from surgical devices at an intensive care center.

Mucoadhesive buccal film of almotriptan improved therapeutic delivery in rabbit model.

Administration of almotriptan as an oral therapy is largely limited because of poor aqueous solubility and rather low bioavailability. The aim of present investigation was to formulate oral mucoadhesive film of almotriptan to improve the drug delivery and desired therapeutic effects. Placebo films (F1-F8) were prepared by varying the concentrations of Proloc 15 (7.

Nanoemulsion Based Vehicle for Effective Ocular Delivery of Moxifloxacin Using Experimental Design and Pharmacokinetic Study in Rabbits.

Nanoemulsion is one of the potential drug delivery strategies used in topical ocular therapy. The purpose of this study was to design and optimize a nanoemulsion-based system to improve therapeutic efficacy of moxifloxacin in ophthalmic delivery. Moxifloxacin nanoemulsions were prepared by testing their solubility in oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants.

Evaluation of Fontan liver disease: Correlation of transjugular liver biopsy with magnetic resonance and hemodynamics.

Introduction: Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are late complications in Fontan palliation. Liver biopsy is the gold standard. The goal of this study is to correlate transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) in the setting of Fontan palliation with noninvasive testing and hemodynamics.

Effect of age on Gaps-In-Noise test in pediatric population.

Objectives: The main objective was to examine the effect of central maturation on the auditory temporal resolution in a group of school-age children using Gaps-In-Noise test.

Methods: The study involved 180 children (6-16 years) with normal hearing, average intelligence and language skills, and adequate scholastic achievement. Subjects were divided into four age subgroups.

Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling by a novel agonist ameliorates autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a widespread neurological autoimmune disease that includes episodes of demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). The accumulated evidence has suggested that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a ligand-activated transcription factor, is a promising treatment target for MS. Thus, the current study aimed to identify a novel Ahr ligand with anti-inflammatory potential in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Antimicrobial-Resistant from Environmental Waters in Northern Colorado.

Waterborne are a major reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), including but not limited to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase (KPC) mechanisms. This study quantified and described ESBL- and KPC-producing in Northern Colorado from sewer water, surface water, and influent and effluent wastewater treatment sources. Total detected bacteria and abundances, and the percentages that contain ESBL and/or KPC, were compared between water sources.

Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy Outcomes in Patients With Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness.

Objectives:: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) represents an important category of vertigo. Medical treatment and psychotherapy provide convenient control of symptoms. However, these management strategies can have inconvenient side effects and short-term relief, respectively.

Beneficial effects of folic acid on the kidneys and testes of adult albino rats after exposure to methomyl.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of folate against methomyl-induced toxicity on the kidneys and testes of male rats. Adult male albino rats were divided into four groups; Group I served as the control (vehicle), Group II received folic acid (1.1 mg per kg b.

Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Sedated Toddlers.

 Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are difficult to test in toddlers who cannot follow instructions or stay calm.  Due to the growing need for vestibular testing in very young children as a part of a delayed walking assessment battery, this study aimed to provide a solution to this problem by recording the cVEMPs in toddlers during sedation.  The cVEMPs measures were assessed in 30 toddlers aged 12 to 36 months with normal motor milestones.

Rational Discovery of (+) (S) Abscisic Acid as a Potential Antifungal Agent: a Repurposing Approach.

Fungal infections are spreading widely worldwide, and the types of treatment are limited due to the lack of diverse therapeutic agents and their associated side effects and toxicity. The discovery of new antifungal classes is vital and critical. We discovered the antifungal activity of abscisic acid through a rational drug design methodology that included the building of homology models for fungal chorismate mutases and a pharmacophore model derived from a transition state inhibitor.

Adolescent age is an independent risk factor for abnormal spirometry among people living with HIV in Kenya.

Objectives: As life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) improves in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), the spectrum of HIV-related pulmonary complications may reflect a greater burden of chronic lung diseases as in high-income countries. We determined whether the risk of abnormal spirometry was greater among adolescent compared with adult PLWH at the Coptic Hope Center for Infectious Diseases in Nairobi, Kenya, and evaluated the role of other cofactors for abnormal spirometry.

Design: We prospectively enrolled adolescent and adult PLWH for this cross-sectional study.

Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Cisatracurium and Propofol in Human Plasma via Fluorometric Detection.

The proposed method describes a high performance liquid chromatographic method with fluoremetric detection for the determination of cisatracurium (CIS) and propofol (PRP) simultaneously, which are co-administered as a pre-operative injection mixture. The separation of the two drugs was achieved using monolithic column (100 mm and 4.6 mm internal diameter) and mixture of methanol and 0.

In Silico-Based Repositioning of Phosphinothricin as a Novel Technetium-99m Imaging Probe with Potential Anti-Cancer Activity.

l-Phosphinothricin (glufosinate or 2-amino-4-((hydroxy(methyl) phosphinyl) butyric acid ammonium salt (AHPB)), which is a structural analog of glutamate, is a recognized herbicide that acts on weeds through inhibition of glutamine synthetase. Due to the structural similarity between phosphinothricin and some bisphosphonates (BPs), this study focuses on investigating the possibility of repurposing phosphinothricin as a bisphosphonate analogue, particularly in two medicine-related activities: image probing and as an anti-cancer drug. As BP is a competitive inhibitor of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (HFPPS), in silico molecular docking and dynamic simulations studies were established to evaluate the binding and stability of phosphinothricin with HFPPS, while the results showed good binding and stability in the active site of the enzyme in relation to alendronate.

The effectiveness of sequencing virtual patients with lectures in a deductive or inductive learning approach.

Background: Virtual patients (VPs) can be sequenced with other instructional methods in different ways.

Aim: To investigate the effect of sequencing VPs with lectures in a deductive approach, in comparison with an inductive approach, on students' knowledge acquisition, retention, and transfer.

Methods: For two different topics, 84 out of 87 students have participated in the lecture and VP sessions.

Assessment of herbal drugs for promising anti-Candida activity.

Background: Microbial infections are diverse and cause serious human diseases. Candida albicans infections are serious healthcare-related infections that are complicated by its morphological switching from yeast to hyphae, resistant biofilm formation and mixed infections with bacteria. Due to the increase in drug resistance to currently used antimicrobial agents and the presence of undesirable side effects, the need for safe and effective novel therapies is important.

Medical professionalism frameworks across non-Western cultures: A narrative overview.

Background: Medical professionalism is context-specific, but most literature on professionalism stems from Western countries. This study is about benchmarking of different frameworks on professionalism and interpreting the commonalities and discrepancies of understanding professionalism across different cultures. We need to study the cultural underpinning of medical professionalism to graduate future "global" practitioners who are culturally sensitive enough to recognize differences (and also similarities) of expectations of patients in various contexts.

Risk Factors for Hypoxia and Tachypnea Among Adolescents With Vertically-acquired HIV in Nairobi.

Background: Chronic lung diseases are increasingly recognized complications of vertically-acquired HIV among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa and may manifest with hypoxia or tachypnea. We sought to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hypoxia and tachypnea among adolescents with vertically-acquired HIV in Nairobi, Kenya.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 258 adolescents with vertically-acquired HIV who were initiating care at the Coptic Hope Center for Infectious Diseases.

Effects of juvenile hormone (JH) analog insecticides on larval development and JH esterase activity in two spodopterans.

Juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticides are biological and structural mimics of JH, a key insect developmental hormone. Toxic and anti-developmental effects of the JHA insecticides methoprene, fenoxycarb, and pyriproxyfen were investigated on the larval and pupal stages of Spodoptera littoralis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Bioassays showed that fenoxycarb has the highest toxicity and fastest speed of kill in 2nd instar S.

Production of 3-Oxo-2-(2'-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic Acid in the Fungus Aspergillus oryzae: A Step Towards Heterologous Production of Pyrethrins in Fungi.

Pyrethrins are natural insecticides, which accumulate to high concentrations in pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium) flowers. Synthetic pyrethroids are more stable, more efficacious and cheaper, but contemporary requirements for safe and environmentally friendly pesticides encourage a return to the use of natural pyrethrins, and this would be favoured by development of an efficient route to their production by microbial fermentation. The biosynthesis of pyrethrins involves ester linkage between an acid moiety (chrysanthemoyl or pyrethroyl, synthesised via the mevalonic acid pathway from glucose), and an alcohol (pyrethrolone).

Can Chronic Nitric Oxide Inhibition Improve Liver and Renal Dysfunction in Bile Duct Ligated Rats?

The aims of the present work were to study the effects of chronic NO inhibition on liver cirrhosis and to analyze its relationship with liver and kidney damage markers. Two inhibitors of NO synthesis (inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG), and nonselective NOS inhibitor, L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME)) were administered for 6 weeks to bile duct ligated (BDL) rats 3 days after surgery. The present study showed that BDL was associated with liver injury and renal impairment.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in vortex systems with two repulsive lengthscales.

Scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM) has been used to study vortex structures in thin epitaxial films of the superconductor MgB2. Unusual vortex patterns observed in MgB2 single crystals have previously been attributed to a competition between short-range repulsive and long-range attractive vortex-vortex interactions in this two band superconductor; the type 1.5 superconductivity scenario.

Coenzyme Q10 and fish oil synergistically alleviate aluminum chloride-induced suppression of testicular steroidogenesis and antioxidant defense.

Aluminum (Al) is an environmental xenobiotic that stimulates free radical generation and hence reproductive toxicity. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) effectively counteracts free radical-induced tissue damage. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids present in fish oil (FO) exert beneficial effects on reproduction in male animals.

Tips and Tricks in Transoral Robotic Surgery for Challenging Vascular Tumors.

Surgical removal of head-neck vascular neoplasms may have severe complications, although surgery remains a very important treatment modality. One of the most important aspects is to avoid the rupture of the tumor's capsule and to minimize functional complications, especially in the excision of benign tumors. The transoral robotic surgery allows removing lesions in challenging anatomical areas.

Powered intracapsular tonsillotomy vs. conventional extracapsular tonsillectomy for pediatric OSA: A retrospective study about efficacy, complications and quality of life.

Objectives: To compare the results of powered intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (PITA) with that of conventional extracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (ECTA) in treatment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as regard efficacy, complications including postoperative pain and bleeding, and quality of life.

Methods: Four hundred fifty children with adenotonsillar hyperplasia (with age range from 3 to 14 years) underwent tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy (251 PITA and 199 ECTA) from January 2012 till October 2014 for OSA. Outcome measures included Obstructive Sleep Apnea Survey (OSA-18), the number of cases treated for post tonsillectomy bleeding with particular regard to the number of cases that needed readmission, the need for analgesics, the visual analog scale (VAS) for post-operative pain, the perceived satisfaction assessed by post tonsillectomy quality of life questionnaire (QOL).