Differential sensitivity to the wake-promoting actions of norepinephrine within the medial preoptic area and the substantia innominata.

Mapping studies were conducted to delineate the site(s) of action for the arousal-enhancing actions of norepinephrine (NE) within the basal forebrain region encompassing the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and the substantia innominata (SI). Varying doses of NE, the beta-agonist, isoproterenol, or the alpha1-agonist, phenylephrine, were infused into the MPOA or SI in the resting rat. Infusions of NE (4 nmol, 16 nmo/150 nl), isoproterenol (15 nmol/150 nl), and phenylephrine (40 nmol/250 nl) into the MPOA elicited robust increases in waking.

The impact of motivationally neutral cues on psychopathic individuals: assessing the generality of the response modulation hypothesis.

Psychopathic individuals' lack of responsiveness to punishment cues and poor self-regulation have been attributed to fearlessness (D. T. Lykken, 1957, 1982, 1995).

Personality traits are differentially linked to mental disorders: a multitrait-multidiagnosis study of an adolescent birth cohort.

The authors assessed the relation between personality and mental disorder in a representative birth cohort of 897 men and women. Personality was assessed at age 18 with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; A. Tellegen, 1982), and 4 types of mental disorder (affective, anxiety, substance dependence, and conduct disorder) were assessed at ages 15, 18 and 21, using age-appropriate standardized diagnostic interviews.