Characterization of Bifidobacterium bifidum growth and metabolism on whey protein phospholipid concentrate.

Whey protein phospholipid concentrate (WPPC) is a co-product generated during the manufacture of whey protein isolate. WPPC is depleted of simple sugars but contains numerous glycoconjugates embedded in the milk fat globule membrane, suggesting this fraction may serve as a carbon source for growth of bifidobacteria commonly enriched in breast fed infants. In this work, we demonstrate that WPPC can serve as a sole carbon source for the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, a species common to the breastfed infant and routinely used as a probiotic.

The association of lung consolidation and respiratory pathogens identified at weaning on the growth performance of beef on dairy calves.

This observational study evaluated the relationship between lung consolidation observed at weaning and calf ADG, and the association of pathogen shedding at weaning on ADG in beef × dairy calves up to 238 d. Beef × Holstein calves (n = 143) were sourced from 2 dairies. Calves were managed in 3 cohorts and fed milk replacer and calf starter preweaning.

Comparing the efficacy of serotonin and EGTA on postpartum hypocalcemia.

Inducing a transient state of hypocalcemia prepartum mobilizes stored calcium (Ca) before the abrupt demand for Ca at parturition thus more tightly regulating postpartum hypocalcemia. Prepartum transient hypocalcemia can be achieved through intravenous infusions of either the precursor to serotonin, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5HTP) or a Ca chelating agent, ethylene-glycol-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). This study aimed to compare the ability of 5HTP and EGTA treatments to prevent postpartum hypocalcemia.

Linear-viscous flow of temperate ice.

Accurately modeling the deformation of temperate glacier ice, which is at its pressure-melting temperature and contains liquid water at grain boundaries, is essential for predicting ice sheet discharge to the ocean and associated sea-level rise. Central to such modeling is Glen's flow law, in which strain rate depends on stress raised to a power of = 3 to 4. In sharp contrast to this nonlinearity, we found by conducting large-scale, shear-deformation experiments that temperate ice is linear-viscous ( 1.

A PAS-targeting hERG1 activator reduces arrhythmic events in Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome patient-derived hiPSC-CMs.

The hERG1 potassium channel conducts the cardiac repolarizing current, IKr. hERG1 has emerged as a therapeutic target for cardiac diseases marked by prolonged actional potential duration (APD). Unfortunately, many hERG1 activators display off-target and proarrhythmic effects that limit their therapeutic potential.

Evaluating ovarian cancer risk-reducing salpingectomy acceptance: a survey.

With evidence that salpingectomy is effective in preventing high grade serous carcinoma, it is time to consider offering this procedure to people at higher-than-average lifetime risk for ovarian cancer, despite not having a pathogenic genetic variant that increases risk for ovarian cancer. This targeted approach has potential to be effective at reducing ovarian cancer incidence, and unlike opportunistic salpingectomy is focused on people with an increased lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. However, the acceptability of this approach within the population of potential patients remains unknown.

Menopausal hormone therapy is associated with worse levels of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in APOE ε4-carrying women: An observational study.

Introduction: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), along with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, has been suggested as a possible risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between MHT and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers is unknown: we investigated this association, and whether APOE ε4 carrier status moderates it.

Methods: In an observational study of 136 cognitively unimpaired female participants (M = 66.

Girls and Boys Typically Have Similar Math Value Beliefs: Replication Evidence Across Historical Time, High School, and Racial/Ethnic Groups.

Introduction: Individuals' math value beliefs are theorized to influence who persists in STEM. However, the existing findings on gender differences in adolescents' math value beliefs are inconsistent. The goal of this study was to use three existing datasets to help clarify when gender differences emerge for high school adolescents and for whom (i.

Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A virus replication in ex vivo cultures of bovine mammary gland and teat tissues.

Since early 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses have been causing outbreaks in dairy cattle in the United States. Here, we compared the replicative capacity of A/dairy cattle/Texas/24-008749-001/2024 (H5N1; Cow-H5N1) isolated from a dairy cow, A/chicken/Ghana/AVL-76321VIR7050-39/2021 (H5N1; Chicken-H5N1) isolated from a chicken, and a human H1N1 2009 pandemic virus in ex vivo explant cultures of mammary gland and teat from lactating cows. We also examined the expression of influenza virus receptors in these organs.

Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling of Trait Mindfulness.

Trait mindfulness refers to one's disposition or tendency to pay attention to their experiences in the present moment, in a non-judgmental and accepting way. Trait mindfulness has been robustly associated with positive mental health outcomes, but its neural underpinnings are poorly understood. Prior resting-state fMRI studies have associated trait mindfulness with within- and between-network connectivity of the default-mode (DMN), fronto-parietal (FPN), and salience networks.

Flood-driven survival and growth of dominant C grasses helps set their distributions along tallgrass prairie moisture gradients.

Premise: Five C grasses (Bouteloua curtipendula, Schizachyrium scoparium, Andropogon gerardii, Sorghastrum nutans, Spartina pectinata) dominate different portions of a moisture gradient from dry to wet tallgrass prairies in the Upper Midwest of the United States. We hypothesized that their distributions may partly reflect differences in flooding tolerance and context-specific growth relative to each other.

Methods: We tested these ideas with greenhouse flooding and drought experiments, outdoor mesocosm experiments, and a natural experiment involving a month-long flood in two wet-mesic prairies.

Prevention and Management of Infectious Complications in Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Survey Assessment of Current Practices Across Children's Oncology Group Institutions.

Introduction: While clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for pediatric oncology infection prophylaxis and management exist, few data describe actual management occurring at pediatric oncology centers.

Methods: An electronic survey querying infection management practices in nontransplant pediatric oncology patients was iteratively created by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Cancer Control and Supportive Care Infectious Diseases Subcommittee and sent to leaders at all COG institutions, limiting each site to one response to represent their institution.

Results: The response rate was 57% (129/227 institutions).

Influence of cadence manipulation on running biomechanics in high school cross-country runners.

Increasing cadence is an intervention to reduce injury risk for adolescent long-distance runners. It is unknown how adolescents respond biomechanically when running with a higher than preferred cadence. We examined the influence of increasing cadence on peak joint angles, moments and powers, and ground reaction forces in long-distance runners.

Triacylglycerol mobilization underpins mitochondrial stress recovery.

Mitochondria are central to myriad biochemical processes, and thus even their moderate impairment could have drastic cellular consequences if not rectified. Here, to explore cellular strategies for surmounting mitochondrial stress, we conducted a series of chemical and genetic perturbations to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analysed the cellular responses using deep multiomic mass spectrometry profiling. We discovered that mobilization of lipid droplet triacylglycerol stores was necessary for strains to mount a successful recovery response.

The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in healthcare, necessitating standardized reporting guidelines. We present transparent reporting of a multivariable model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD)-LLM, an extension of the TRIPOD + artificial intelligence statement, addressing the unique challenges of LLMs in biomedical applications. TRIPOD-LLM provides a comprehensive checklist of 19 main items and 50 subitems, covering key aspects from title to discussion.

RapA opens the RNA polymerase clamp to disrupt post-termination complexes and prevent cytotoxic R-loop formation.

Following transcript release during intrinsic termination, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) often remains associated with DNA in a post-termination complex (PTC). RNAPs in PTCs are removed from the DNA by the SWI2/SNF2 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) RapA. Here we determined PTC structures on negatively supercoiled DNA and with RapA engaged to dislodge the PTC.

Quantitative magnetization transfer and g-ratio imaging of white matter myelin in early psychotic spectrum disorders.

Myelin abnormalities in white matter have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychotic spectrum disorders (PSD), which are characterized by brain dysconnectivity as a core feature. Among evidence from in vivo MRI studies, diffusion imaging findings have largely supported disrupted white matter integrity in PSD; however, they are not specific to myelin changes. Using a multimodal imaging approach, the current study aimed to further delineate myelin and microstructural changes in the white matter of a young PSD cohort.

Consuming a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet reverses the peripheral lipid signature of Alzheimer's disease in humans.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder with significant environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle, influencing its onset and progression. Although previous studies have suggested that certain diets may reduce the incidence of AD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Method: In this post-hoc analysis of a randomized crossover study of 20 elderly adults, we investigated the effects of a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet (MMKD) on the plasma lipidome in the context of AD biomarkers, analyzing 784 lipid species across 47 classes using a targeted lipidomics platform.

Analytical expressions of specific yield for shallow groundwater estimation and modeling.

Specific yield (S) is an essential hydrogeological parameter in groundwater-related modeling and estimation. In this study, we proposed several new analytical expressions of S to characterize the nonlinear variations of S under shallow groundwater environments, encompassing S for three-layered soil, transition zone S, and flux-dependent S (in Boussinesq-type equation). The proposed S expression for three-layered soils expanded the applicability of previous expressions for homogeneous soil.

Vocal Instabilities in Untrained Female Singers.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify voice instabilities across registration shifts produced by untrained female singers and describe them relative to changes in fundamental frequency, airflow, intensity, inferred adduction, and acoustic spectra.

Study Design: Multisignal descriptive study.

Methods: Five untrained female singers sang up to 30 repetitions of octave scales.

Treatment of Pleural Mesothelioma: ASCO Guideline Update.

Purpose: To provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing physicians and others on the management of pleural mesothelioma (PM).

Methods: ASCO convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, thoracic surgery, radiation oncology, pathology, cancer genetics, and advocacy experts to conduct an updated literature search, which included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective and retrospective comparative observational studies published from 2016 through 2024. Outcomes of interest included survival, disease-free or recurrence-free survival, and quality of life.

Exploring management and environment effects on edge-of-field phosphorus losses with linear mixed models.

Evaluating how weather, farm management, and soil conditions impact phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural sites is essential for improving our waterways in agricultural watersheds. In this study, rainfall characteristics, manure application timing, tillage, surface condition, and soil test phosphorus (STP) were analyzed to determine their effects on total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) loss using 125 site-years of runoff data collected by the University of Wisconsin Discovery Farms and Discovery Farms Minnesota. Three linear mixed models (LMMs) were then used to evaluate the influence of those factors on TP and DP losses: (1) a model that included all runoff events, (2) manured sites only, and (3) precipitation events only.

Antibiotic legacies shape the temperature response of soil microbial communities.

Soil microbial communities are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change and land management decisions, thus altering microbially-mediated ecosystem functions. Increasingly, multiple stressors are considered in investigations of ecological response to disturbances. Typically, these investigations involve concurrent stressors.