Nutrient Intake and Dietary Adequacy Among Rural Tanzanian Infants Enrolled in the Mycotoxin Mitigation Trial.

Background: The Mycotoxin Mitigation Trial (MMT) was a community-based cluster-randomized trial designed to assess the effect of dietary aflatoxin (AF) on linear growth. Similar dietary intake between arms was an important component of the trial's program theory and essential for the trial's internal validity and interpretation.

Objective: This analysis assessed and compared dietary intake by arm within a sub-sample of infants enrolled in the MMT.

Dereplication of Natural Product Antifungals via Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Chemical Genomics.

Recently expanded reports of multidrug-resistant fungal infections underscore the need to develop new and more efficient methods for antifungal drug discovery. A ubiquitous problem in natural product drug discovery campaigns is the rediscovery of known compounds or their relatives; accordingly, we have integrated Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for structural dereplication and Yeast Chemical Genomics for bioprocess evaluation into a screening platform to identify such compounds early in the screening process. We identified 450 fractions inhibiting and the resistant strains of and among more than 40,000 natural product fractions.

Effect of Patient Positioning on CT Number Accuracy: A Phantom Study Comparing Energy Integrating and Deep Silicon Photon Counting Detector CT.

Objective: Patient positioning during clinical practice can be challenging, and mispositioning leads to a change in CT number. CT number fluctuation was assessed in single-energy (SE) EID, dual-energy (DE) EID, and deep silicon photon-counting detector (PCD) CT over water-equivalent diameter (WED) with different mispositions.

Methods: A phantom containing five clinically relevant inserts (Mercury Phantom, Gammex) was scanned on a clinical EID CT and a deep silicon PCD CT prototype at vertical positions of 0, 4, 8, and 12 cm.

Gut microbes modulate the effects of the flavonoid quercetin on atherosclerosis.

Gut bacterial metabolism of dietary flavonoids results in the production of a variety of phenolic acids, whose contributions to health remain poorly understood. Here, we show that supplementation with the commonly consumed flavonoid quercetin impacted gut microbiome composition and resulted in a significant reduction in atherosclerosis burden in conventionally raised (ConvR) Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice but not in germ-free (GF) ApoE KO mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed that consumption of quercetin significantly increased plasma levels of benzoylglutamic acid, 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) and its sulfate-conjugated form in ConvR mice, but not in GF mice supplemented with the flavonoid.

Evaluation and treatment of lead toxicosis in rehabilitated avian species: 95 cases (2014-2023).

Objective: To evaluate avian patients presented to a wildlife rehabilitation facility with confirmed lead toxicity for clinical signs associated with blood lead level groups, efficacy of subcutaneous chelation therapy with calcium disodium EDTA, and case outcome based on presenting blood lead levels.

Methods: A retrospective record review of 95 avian cases representing 19 species treated for lead toxicosis from a wildlife rehabilitation center in Wisconsin between 2014 and 2023 was conducted. Data were evaluated for presenting complaints, clinical signs, radiographic findings, chelation therapy protocol, clinical pathology data, and case outcome.

Identification of Bronchial Epithelial Genes Associated with Type-2 Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma.

Background: Airway inflammation has a critical role in asthma pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Yet, the molecular pathways contributing to airway inflammation are not fully known, particularly Type-2 (T2) inflammation characterized by both eosinophilia and higher FeNO levels.

Objective: To identify genes whose level of expression in epithelial brushing samples were associated with both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia and generation of FeNO.

Drivers of forest productivity in two regions of the United States: Relative impacts of management and environmental variables.

Climate, environmental conditions, and management strategies are key factors affecting forest net ecosystem production (NEP). However, little is known about the relationship between management approaches and regional to continental-scale forest productivity. In this study, we utilized forests of the U.

Voices of Nanomedicine: Blueprint Guidelines for Collaboration in Addressing Global Unmet Medical Needs.

The "" under this Perspective underline the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships across several disciplines, such as medical science and technology, medicine, bioengineering, and computational approaches, in bridging the gap between research, manufacturing, and clinical applications. Effective communication is key to bridging team gaps, enhancing trust, and resolving conflicts, thereby fostering teamwork and individual growth toward shared goals. Drawing from the success of the COVID-19 vaccine development, we advocate the application of similar collaborative models in other complex health areas such as nanomedicine and biomedical engineering.

Exploring Inclusion by Creating Inclusion: A World Café Among Nurse Scientists.

Background: The concept of inclusion within diversity, equity, and inclusion has broad meanings and implications and has not been explored in nursing through a World Café.

Purpose: To describe the process and experiences of 9 nurse scientists who hosted a World Café focused on inclusion, to share participants' insights, and to offer considerations to advance inclusion in nursing.

Approach: We hosted and encouraged active participation in a World Café that focused on 7 inclusion topics in nursing during the 2024 Midwestern Nursing Research Society Annual Research Conference.

The Association Between a Summary Measure of Social Determinants of Health/Health Equity and Cardiovascular Disease Burden Among Mississippi Adults.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among Mississippi adults. Social determinants of health are significant contributors to cardiovascular disease risk and associated mortality as well as health disparities. The authors examined the association between a summary measure of social determinants of health and cardiovascular disease among Mississippi adults.

Facilitating multidisciplinary working groups in translational research: Strategies to promote cross-center collaboration and sustain the Cancer Center Cessation Initiative Consortium.

As funding for large translational research consortia increases across the National Institutes of Health (NIH), focused working groups provide an opportunity to leverage the power of unique networks to conduct high-impact science and offer a strategy for building collaborative infrastructure to sustain networks long-term. This sustainment leverages the existing NIH investments, amplifying the impact and creating conditions for future innovative translational research. However, few resources exist that detail practical strategies for establishing and sustaining working groups in consortia.

A novel computational method for rodent electrographic recording and analysis using off-the-shelf intracerebral depth electrodes.

Electrographic recording of brain activity through either surface electrodes (electroencephalography, EEG) or implanted electrodes (electrocorticography, ECOG) are valuable research tools in neuroscience across many disciplines, including epilepsy, sleep science and more. Research techniques to perform recordings in rodents are wide-ranging and often require custom parts that may not be readily available. Moreover, the information required to connect individual components is often limited and can therefore be challenging to implement.

Fruit Cuticle Thickness and Anatomical Changes in Pedicel Xylem Vessels Influence Fruit Transpiration and Calcium Accumulation in Cranberry Fruit.

Ca is a key nutrient for fruit quality due to its role in bonding with pectin in the cell wall, providing strength through cell-to-cell adhesion, thus increasing fruit firmness and extending post-harvest life. However, Ca accumulation is mostly limited to the initial stages of fruit development due to anatomical and physiological changes that occur as fruits develop. The objective of this study was to evaluate fruit transpiration, cuticle thickness, and pedicel vessel changes during cranberry fruit development and the effect these parameters might have on Ca translocation.

Minority stress in relation to biological outcomes among sexual and gender minority people: a systematic review and update.

Here we present an updated systematic review identifying studies published 2019-2024, since our prior systematic review in 2020, that examine the association between minority stress and a biological outcome among sexual and gender minority (SGM) people. Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase were queried to identify studies that examined an association between minority stress (including prejudice events and conditions, anticipation of rejection and discrimination, concealment or disclosure of SGM identity(ies), internalized stigma, or structural stigma) and a biological health outcome among SGM people. Included studies were coded for methodological approaches, study population, minority stress measure, biological outcomes, count of overall analyses, and count of analyses where an association was detected.

Cross-species analysis of genetic architecture and polygenic risk scores for non-contact ACL rupture in dogs and humans.

Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common serious orthopaedic disease in humans and dogs. Familial risk has been recognized in both species but interactions between genetic effects and environmental risk are not understood. We investigated ACL rupture heritability, genetic architecture, selection pressure, sharing of risk genes and biological pathways, and polygenic risk score (PRS) prediction of disease risk.

Balancing Data Quality and Bias: Investigating Functional Connectivity Exclusions in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD Study) Across Quality Control Pathways.

Analysis of resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) typically excludes images substantially degraded by subject motion. However, data quality, including degree of motion, relates to a broad set of participant characteristics, particularly in pediatric neuroimaging. Consequently, when planning quality control (QC) procedures researchers must balance data quality concerns against the possibility of biasing results by eliminating data.

Characterization of Bifidobacterium bifidum growth and metabolism on whey protein phospholipid concentrate.

Whey protein phospholipid concentrate (WPPC) is a co-product generated during the manufacture of whey protein isolate. WPPC is depleted of simple sugars but contains numerous glycoconjugates embedded in the milk fat globule membrane, suggesting this fraction may serve as a carbon source for growth of bifidobacteria commonly enriched in breast fed infants. In this work, we demonstrate that WPPC can serve as a sole carbon source for the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, a species common to the breastfed infant and routinely used as a probiotic.

The association of lung consolidation and respiratory pathogens identified at weaning on the growth performance of beef on dairy calves.

This observational study evaluated the relationship between lung consolidation observed at weaning and calf ADG, and the association of pathogen shedding at weaning on ADG in beef × dairy calves up to 238 d. Beef × Holstein calves (n = 143) were sourced from 2 dairies. Calves were managed in 3 cohorts and fed milk replacer and calf starter preweaning.

Comparing the efficacy of serotonin and EGTA on postpartum hypocalcemia.

Inducing a transient state of hypocalcemia prepartum mobilizes stored calcium (Ca) before the abrupt demand for Ca at parturition thus more tightly regulating postpartum hypocalcemia. Prepartum transient hypocalcemia can be achieved through intravenous infusions of either the precursor to serotonin, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan (5HTP) or a Ca chelating agent, ethylene-glycol-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). This study aimed to compare the ability of 5HTP and EGTA treatments to prevent postpartum hypocalcemia.

Linear-viscous flow of temperate ice.

Accurately modeling the deformation of temperate glacier ice, which is at its pressure-melting temperature and contains liquid water at grain boundaries, is essential for predicting ice sheet discharge to the ocean and associated sea-level rise. Central to such modeling is Glen's flow law, in which strain rate depends on stress raised to a power of = 3 to 4. In sharp contrast to this nonlinearity, we found by conducting large-scale, shear-deformation experiments that temperate ice is linear-viscous ( 1.

A PAS-targeting hERG1 activator reduces arrhythmic events in Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome patient-derived hiPSC-CMs.

The hERG1 potassium channel conducts the cardiac repolarizing current, IKr. hERG1 has emerged as a therapeutic target for cardiac diseases marked by prolonged actional potential duration (APD). Unfortunately, many hERG1 activators display off-target and proarrhythmic effects that limit their therapeutic potential.

Evaluating ovarian cancer risk-reducing salpingectomy acceptance: a survey.

With evidence that salpingectomy is effective in preventing high grade serous carcinoma, it is time to consider offering this procedure to people at higher-than-average lifetime risk for ovarian cancer, despite not having a pathogenic genetic variant that increases risk for ovarian cancer. This targeted approach has potential to be effective at reducing ovarian cancer incidence, and unlike opportunistic salpingectomy is focused on people with an increased lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. However, the acceptability of this approach within the population of potential patients remains unknown.

Menopausal hormone therapy is associated with worse levels of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in APOE ε4-carrying women: An observational study.

Introduction: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), along with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, has been suggested as a possible risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between MHT and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers is unknown: we investigated this association, and whether APOE ε4 carrier status moderates it.

Methods: In an observational study of 136 cognitively unimpaired female participants (M = 66.