Attitudes and perceptions toward COVID-19 virus and vaccines among a Somali population in Northern Wisconsin.

Objectives: The study's aim was to gain a qualitative understanding of vaccine beliefs and attitudes toward COVID-19 among Somali residents living in Northern Wisconsin (WI). While vaccination rates are significantly lower among Black and Hispanic populations, those with lower educational levels, and in rural areas, minimal is known about Somali population perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination rates.

Methods: Through qualitative methodology employing focus groups for data collection and the inclusion of Somali interpreters, we explored Somali community viewpoints regarding these topics.

Sensory integration of danger and safety cues may explain the fear of a quiet coyote.

Sensory integration theory predicts natural selection should favour adaptive responses of animals to multiple forms of information, yet empirical tests of this prediction are rare, particularly in free-living mammals. Studying indirect predator cues offers a salient opportunity to inquire about multimodal risk assessment and its potentially interactive effects on prey responses. Here we exposed California ground squirrels from two study sites (that differ in human and domestic dog activity) to acoustic and/or olfactory predator cues to reveal divergent patterns of signal dominance.

"It's not often that people want to hear me talk about my life": Storytelling experiences of people with aphasia in an interdisciplinary songwriting project.

Purpose: Storytelling is an integral part of human life, providing opportunities for social closeness, relationship development, and identity exploration. Having aphasia can disrupt the ability to convey stories across a variety of settings. Structured songwriting frameworks may provide people with aphasia an opportunity to successfully engage in this medium for storytelling.

Building fraction magnitude knowledge with number lines: Partitioning versus analogy.

Understanding fraction magnitudes is foundational for later math achievement. To represent a fraction x/y, children are often taught to use partitioning: Break the whole into y parts and shade in x parts. Past research has shown that partitioning on number lines supports children's fraction magnitude knowledge more than partitioning on area models.

Incorporating Primer Amplification Efficiencies in Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Experiments; Considerations for Differential Gene Expression Analyses in Zebrafish.

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is commonly used to measure the mRNA expression of target genes in zebrafish. Gene expression values from RT-qPCR are typically reported as relative fold-changes, and relative quantification of RT-qPCR data incorporates primer amplification efficiency values for each target gene. We describe the influence of the primer amplification efficiency analysis method on RT-qPCR gene expression fold-change calculations.

Early Organic Chemistry in Kyiv: Serhii Mykolayovych Reformatskyi (1860-1934) and his Name Reaction.

Serhiy Mykolayovych Reformatskyi, [Ukrainian: Рeφopмaтcьκий, Cepгiй Mиκoлaйoвич; Russian: Sergei Nikolaevich Reformatskii, РeΦopмaтcκий, Cepгeй Hиκoлaeвич (1860-1934)] was a product of Zaitsev's laboratory in Kazan Imperial University in Russia and one of the founding fathers of organic chemistry in Ukraine. He discovered his eponymous reaction while a graduate student in Kazan under Zaitsev, studying the synthesis of homoallylic alcohols. He modified this reaction by replacing the olefinic π bond of an allyl halide with a carbonyl group.

Psilocybin history, action and reaction: A narrative clinical review.

Hallucinogenic mushrooms have been used in religious and cultural ceremonies for centuries. Of late, psilocybin, the psychoactive compound in hallucinogenic mushrooms, has received increased public interest as a novel drug for treating mood and substance use disorders (SUDs). In addition, in recent years, some states in the United States have legalized psilocybin for medical and recreational use.

Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence produces sex- and age-dependent changes in anxiety and cognition without changes in microglia reactivity late in life.

Binge-like ethanol exposure during adolescence has been shown to produce long lasting effects in animal models including anxiety-like behavior that can last into young adulthood and impairments in cognition that can last throughout most of the lifespan. However, little research has investigated if binge-like ethanol exposure during adolescence produces persistent anxiety-like behavior and concomitantly impairs cognition late in life. Furthermore, few studies have investigated such behavioral effects in both female and male rats over the lifespan.

A high-throughput sensory assay for parasitic and free-living nematodes.

Sensory pathways first elucidated in Caenorhabditis elegans are conserved across free-living and parasitic nematodes, even though each species responds to a diverse array of compounds. Most nematode sensory assays are performed by tallying observations of worm behavior on two-dimensional planes using agarose plates. These assays have been successful in the study of volatile sensation but are poorly suited for investigation of water-soluble gustation or parasitic nematodes without a free-living stage.

Reframing care while enduring the traumatic nature of witnessing disrupted family-patient-nurses' relationships during COVID-19.

Aim: To describe the lived experiences of nurses caring for patients and families in the context of COVID-19 in Brazil and United States.

Design: A phenomenological philosophical approach following the van Manen analysis method.

Methods: Participants were recruited in Brazil and the United States, including nurses working in health care settings caring for COVID-19 patients.

Leading Through Loss: Experiences of Nursing Home Administrators-in-Training During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

End-of-life care is a critical aspect of long-term care, yet there is limited understanding of nursing home staff's experiences and preparation in this area, particularly among facility administrators. To address this gap, two cohorts of Administrators-in-Training (2021 & 2022) were interviewed about their knowledge and practices regarding end-of-life care in skilled nursing facilities. Interviews focused on involvement in end-of-life discussions, coping strategies, grief support, and personal perspectives on death.

High variation across hybrid isolates identified in metabolism-related biological pathways co-expressed with virulent genes.

Virulent genes present in can cause significant human diseases. These enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic (ETEC) isolates with virulent genes show different expression levels when grown under diverse laboratory conditions. In this research, we have performed differential gene expression analysis using publicly available RNA-seq data on three pathogenic hybrid isolates in an attempt to characterize the variation in gene interactions that are altered by the presence or absence of virulent factors within the genome.

Toward an evolutionary ecology of (in)equality.

Inequality is increasingly recognized as a major problem in contemporary society. The causes and consequences of inequality in wealth and power have long been central concerns in the social sciences, whereas comparable research in biology has focused on dominance and reproductive skew. This theme issue builds on these existing research traditions, exploring ways they might enrich each other, with evolutionary ecology as a possibly unifying framework.

Something to eat: experiences of food insecurity on the farm.

The health of farm owners and farmworkers has significant impacts on farm businesses, farming families, and local rural communities where agriculture is an important driver of social and economic activity. Rural residents and farmworkers have higher rates of food insecurity, but little is known about food insecurity among farm owners and the collective experiences of farm owners and farmworkers. Researchers and public health practitioners have stressed the need for policies that target the health and well-being of farm owners and farmworkers while remaining sensitive to the nature of life on the farm, yet farm owner and farmworker lived experiences have been understudied, especially in relation to one another.

Extracellular vesicles secreted by Brugia malayi microfilariae modulate the melanization pathway in the mosquito host.

Vector-borne, filarial nematode diseases cause significant disease burdens in humans and domestic animals worldwide. Although there is strong direct evidence of parasite-driven immunomodulation of mammalian host responses, there is less evidence of parasite immunomodulation of the vector host. We have previously reported that all life stages of Brugia malayi, a filarial nematode and causative agent of Lymphatic filariasis, secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Polyethylene Glycol 20k. Does It Fluoresce?

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound commonly used in biological research and medicine because it is biologically inert. This simple polymer exists in variable chain lengths (and molecular weights). As they are devoid of any contiguous π-system, PEGs are expected to lack fluorescence properties.

A high-throughput nematode sensory assay reveals an inhibitory effect of ivermectin on parasite gustation.

Sensory pathways first elucidated in are conserved across free-living and parasitic nematodes, even though each species responds to a diverse array of compounds. Most nematode sensory assays are performed by tallying observations of worm behavior on two-dimensional planes using agarose plates. These assays have been successful in the study of volatile sensation but are poorly suited for investigation of water-soluble gustation or parasitic nematodes without a free-living stage.

Jet-Cooled Phosphorescence Excitation Spectrum of the T(n,π*) ← S Transition of 4-Pyran-4-one.

The 4-pyran-4-one (4PN) molecule is a cyclic conjugated enone with spectroscopically accessible singlet and triplet (n,π*)excited states. Vibronic spectra of 4PN provide a stringent test of electronic-structure calculations, through comparison of predicted vs measured vibrational frequencies in the excited state. We report here the T(n,π*) ← S phosphorescence excitation spectrum of 4PN, recorded under the cooling conditions of a supersonic free-jet expansion.

Examining Students' Online Learning Satisfaction during COVID-19 to Inform Post-Pandemic Program Planning.

Background: Student satisfaction is one of five pillars of quality online learning and is associated with academic achievement. This study aimed to examine nursing students' satisfaction with online learning during COVID-19, their desire to continue online classes, and associated factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was completed by 125 nursing students from a public university.

Lessons from digital technology-enabled health interventions implemented during the coronavirus pandemic to improve maternal and birth outcomes: a global scoping review.

Background: Timely access to essential obstetric and gynecologic healthcare is an effective method for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes; however, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted pregnancy care globally. In this global scoping review, we select and investigate peer-reviewed empirical studies related to mHealth and telehealth implemented during the pandemic to support pregnancy care and to improve birth outcomes.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science for this Review because they include peer-reviewed literature in the disciplines of behavioral sciences, medicine, clinical sciences, health-care systems, and psychology.

Integrated Case Presentation Seminar: Bridging Parallel Fields to Improve Psychiatry and Psychology Learner Experience.

Daily clinical practice of mental health professionals often requires interaction between providers from diverse training and professional backgrounds. Efforts to engage mental health trainees across disciplines are necessary and have had varied outcomes. The current study reviews the development and implementation of a monthly one-hour integrated case presentation seminar (ICPS) as part of independent psychology and psychiatry two-year fellowships at a Midwestern teaching hospital.