Childhood adversity is associated with reduced BOLD response in inhibitory control regions amongst preadolescents from the ABCD study.

Adolescence is characterized by dynamic neurodevelopment, which poses opportunities for risk and resilience. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) confer additional risk to the developing brain, where ACEs have been associated with alterations in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) BOLD signaling in brain regions underlying inhibitory control. Socioenvironmental factors like the family environment may amplify or buffer against the neurodevelopmental risks associated with ACEs.

National trends in neoadjuvant chemotherapy utilization in patients with early-stage node-negative triple-negative breast cancer: the impact of the CREATE-X trial.

Purpose: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) allows for assessment of tumor pathological response and has survival implications. In 2017, the CREATE-X trial demonstrated survival benefit with adjuvant capecitabine in patients TNBC and residual disease after NAC. We aimed to assess national rates of NAC for cT1-2N0M0 TNBC before and after CREATE-X and examine factors associated with receiving NAC vs adjuvant chemotherapy (AC).

Elucidating mobilization mechanisms of uranium during recharge of river water to contaminated groundwater.

The recharge of stream water below the baseflow water table can mobilize groundwater contaminants, particularly redox-sensitive and sorptive metals such as uranium. However, in-situ tracer experiments that simulate the recharge of stream water to uranium-contaminated groundwater are lacking, thus limiting the understanding of the potential mechanisms that control the mobility of uranium at the field scale. In this study, a field tracer test was conducted by injecting 100 gal (379 l) of oxic river water into a nearby suboxic and uranium-contaminated aquifer.

Modulation of biliverdin dynamics and spectral properties by Sandercyanin.

Biliverdin IX-alpha (BV), a tetrapyrrole, is found ubiquitously in most living organisms. It functions as a metabolite, pigment, and signaling compound. While BV is known to bind to diverse protein families such as heme-metabolizing enzymes and phytochromes, not many BV-bound lipocalins (ubiquitous, small lipid-binding proteins) have been studied.

Primary Breast Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Background: Primary breast neuroendocrine tumors (BNETs) represent < 1% of breast cancers. Diagnosing BNETs can be challenging, and a limited amount of cohort data currently exists in literature. We aimed to describe primary BNET characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes through the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

On the existence of momentum in professional football.

Using United States National Football League play-by-play data for the 2002-2012 seasons, we train a neural network to predict win probability, based on measures of the game state. This predictor's performance is comparable to the point spread at the start of the game and improves thereafter with little bias. We define a measure of success as the change in a team's win probability over the course of a possession, and show that streaks in this measure are highly unlikely to be random.

Diet-Driven Inflammation and Insulinemia and Risk of Interval Breast Cancer.

Interval breast cancers (IBCs) emerge after a non-suspicious mammogram and before the patient's next scheduled screen. Risk factors associated with IBC have not been identified. This study evaluated if the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) or empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) scores are associated with IBC compared to screen-detected breast cancer.

Single-Well Injection-Drift Test to Estimate Groundwater Velocity.

A simple algebraic equation is presented here to estimate the magnitude of groundwater velocity based on data from a single-well injection-drift test thereby eliminating the time-consuming and costly extraction phase. A volume of tracer-amended water was injected by forced-gradient into a single well followed by monitoring of the conservative solute tracers under natural-gradient conditions as their upgradient portions drifted back through the well. The breakthrough curve data from the single well during the drift phase was analyzed to determine the mean travel times of the tracers.

The Pandemic's Toll on Young Adolescents: Prevention and Intervention Targets to Preserve Their Mental Health.

Purpose: Adolescence is characterized by dramatic physical, social, and emotional changes, making teens particularly vulnerable to the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This longitudinal study identifies young adolescents who are most vulnerable to the psychological toll of the pandemic and provides insights to inform strategies to help adolescents cope better in times of crisis.

Methods: A data-driven approach was applied to a longitudinal, demographically diverse cohort of more than 3,000 young adolescents (11-14 years) participating in the ongoing Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study in the United States, including multiple prepandemic visits and three assessments during the COVID-19 pandemic (May-August 2020).

Occupational risk factors for work disability following carpal tunnel syndrome: a pooled prospective study.

Background: Although recent studies have identified important risk factors associated with incident carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), risk factors associated with its severity have not been well explored.

Objective: To examine the associations between personal, workplace psychosocial and biomechanical factors and incident work disability among workers with CTS.

Methods: Between 2001 and 2010 five research groups conducted coordinated prospective studies of CTS and related work disability among US workers from various industries.

Parental Knowledge/Monitoring and Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence: Protective Factor or Spurious Association?

Parental knowledge/monitoring is negatively associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms, suggesting monitoring could be a target for prevention and treatment. However, no study has rigorously addressed the possibility that this association is spurious, leaving the clinical and etiological implications unclear. The goal of this study was to conduct a more rigorous test of whether knowledge/monitoring is causally related to depressive symptoms.

Exploring the Lived Experience of Food Insecure African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes Living in the Inner City.

Purpose: Despite evidence that food insecure African Americans with type 2 diabetes are at particularly high risk for poor health outcomes, there is currently a lack of information on their lived experience. This qualitative study aimed to identify challenges, facilitators, and barriers to effective diabetes care for food insecure African Americans with type 2 diabetes residing in an inner city.

Methods: In fall 2018, we conducted two focus groups attended by a total of 16 food insecure adults with type 2 diabetes residing in the inner city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Longitudinal Impact of Childhood Adversity on Early Adolescent Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the ABCD Study Cohort: Does Race or Ethnicity Moderate Findings?

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, mental health among youth has been negatively affected. Youth with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), as well as youth from minoritized racial-ethnic backgrounds, may be especially vulnerable to experiencing COVID-19-related distress. The aims of this study are to examine whether exposure to pre-pandemic ACEs predicts mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in youth and whether racial-ethnic background moderates these effects.

Early Adolescent Substance Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Survey in the ABCD Study Cohort.

Purpose: Evaluate changes in early adolescent substance use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using a prospective, longitudinal, nationwide cohort.

Methods: Participants were enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. A total of 7,842 youth (mean age = 12.

Magnetic ordering and structural distortion in a PrFeAsO single crystal studied by neutron and x-ray scattering.

We report the magnetic ordering and structural distortion in PrFeAsO crystals, the basis compound for one of the oxypnictide superconductors, using high-resolution x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS). We find the structural tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition at , the AFM phase transition of the Fe moments at , and the Pr AFM phase transition at . Combined high-resolution neutron diffraction and XRMS show unambiguously that the Pr moments point parallel to the longer orthorhombic axis and order antiferromagnetically along the axis but ferromagnetically along the and directions in the stripelike AFM order.

Postmastectomy breast reconstruction in women aged 70 and older: An analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Background: Breast cancer incidence in women aged ≥70 years is steadily increasing, and many are choosing to undergo postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR). We aimed to identify factors associated with PMBR, describe reconstruction types, and assess postoperative mortality and re-admission rates in women ≥70 years of age.

Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was examined between 2004 and 2015 for women aged ≥70 years with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy.

Insights about interventions to address food insecurity in adults with type 2 diabetes: Valuable lessons from the stories of African Americans living in the inner city.

Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to gain insight from the perspectives of food insecure African Americans living in an inner city regarding important diabetes intervention strategies and components.

Methods: Using a grounded theory approach, two focus groups (totaling 16 individuals) were conducted in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Purposive, convenience sampling was used to identify food insecure adults with diabetes.

Prognostic Outcomes of Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Breast.

Background: Signet ring cell breast carcinoma (SRCBC) is a rare variant of invasive lobular carcinoma and there are no large series characterizing its long-term prognosis.

Materials And Methods: The NCDB was queried from 2004-2016 to identify SRCBC patients. Patients were excluded if they had non-invasive tumors, multiple malignancies, or incomplete surgical data.

Lowering the impact of food insecurity in African American adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (LIFT-DM) - Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is strong evidence that disparities in the burden of diabetes exist by both race and poverty. Food insecurity, or an inability to or limitation in accessing nutritionally adequate food, is an important modifiable social determinant of health, particularly in adults with chronic disease. African Americans are more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes and more likely than whites to be food insecure.

Childhood polyvictimization and marijuana use trajectories.

Despite public sentiment to the contrary, recreational marijuana use is deleterious to adolescent health and development. Prospective studies of marijuana use trajectories and their predictors are needed to differentiate risk profiles and inform intervention strategies. Using data on 15,960 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, variable-centered approaches were used to examine the impact of childhood polyvictimization on marijuana onset, marijuana use from age 15 to 24 years, and marijuana dependence symptoms.

The transmission of violence and trauma across development and environmental contexts: Intimate partner violence from the perspective of men with histories of perpetration.

Background: Research has established a relation between ecological contexts and intimate partner violence (IPV), but little is known about how environmental factors affect childhood development over time and culminate in IPV perpetration from the perspective of men who perpetrated IPV.

Methods: Using grounded theory, this study employed focus groups with 32 predominately low-income, African American men in batterer intervention programs to explore factors and processes through which families, neighborhoods, and policy influence men's development, contributing to their use of IPV. Using an inductive approach, the researchers cycled between data collection and analysis resulting in a parsimonious conceptual model validated by participants.

Correction to: The Effect of a Change Agent on Use of Evidence-Based Mental Health Practices.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.