Inducing Exit from Mitosis by Inactivating Cdk1/Cyclin B in Metaphase-Arrested Cells: A Tool to Study Mitotic Exit and Reestablishment of Interphase.

Treatments which inhibit or inactivate Cdk1/cyclin B in metaphase-arrested mammalian cells and budding yeast are described. These treatments induce the cells to exit mitosis and return to interphase, though without chromosome segregation or cytokinesis, and they provide the basis for a method to identify enzymes or other proteins which act "downstream" from Cdk1 inactivation and to elucidate the roles of those proteins in mitotic exit. In this method, inactivation of Cdk1 is combined with inhibition or inactivation of a protein of interest and the effects are observed.

Suppression of neurons in circumventricular organs enables months-long survival without water in thirteen-lined ground squirrels.

Water deprivation is a life-threatening condition that engages a protective physiological response to couple osmolyte retention with potentiation of thirst. This response, typical for most mammals, safeguards against short-term water deprivation but fails in the long term. Thirteen-lined ground squirrels () use the short-term response during summer, whereas during winter, they lack thirst and survive without water for months.

Local adaptation to climate facilitates a global invasion.

Local adaptation may facilitate range expansion during invasions, but the mechanisms promoting destructive invasions remain unclear. Cheatgrass (), native to Eurasia and Africa, has invaded globally, with particularly severe impacts in western North America. We sequenced 307 genotypes and conducted controlled experiments.

Description of Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) tartakovskyi using scanning electron microscopy, with notes on the morphology of Pavlovskyella sensu stricto and Theriodoros subgenera.

Accumulation of DNA sequence data and its use in systematics of the family Argasidae reveals new incongruencies between genera and subgenera, since several groups defined by classical taxonomy appear to be paraphyletic, which is the case of the subgenus Pavlovskyella. In order to identify morphological characters unique to one of the monophyletic groupings within Pavlovskyella and improve its system, we describe all active stages of Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) tartakovskyi, a species with an incomplete original description. Larvae, nymphs, males and females from Iran were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Functional and evolutionary insights into chemosensation and specialized herbivory from the genome of the red milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae).

Tetraopes are aposematic longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) that feed primarily on toxic plants in the genus Asclepias (milkweeds). Studies of Tetraopes and their host plants have revealed compelling evidence for insect-plant coevolution and cospeciation. We sequenced, assembled and annotated the genome of the common red milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetrophthalmus, and explored gene content and evolution, focusing on annotated genes putatively involved in chemosensation, allelochemical detoxification, and phytophagy.

Development of non-sedating benzodiazepines with antischistosomal activity.

The neglected tropical disease schistosomiasis infects over 200 million people worldwide and is treated with just one broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug (praziquantel). Alternative drugs are needed in the event of emerging praziquantel resistance or treatment failure. One promising lead that has shown efficacy in animal models and a human clinical trial is the benzodiazepine meclonazepam, discovered by Roche in the 1970s.

Testing reliability and validity of the Korean version of Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (K-DASH).

Background: Use of the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) would be beneficial for novice debriefers with less or no formal training in debriefing. However, the DASH translated into Korean and tested for psychometrics is not yet available. Thus, this study was to develop a Korean version of the DASH student version (SV) and test its reliability and validity among baccalaureate nursing students in Korea.

High School Girls' Volleyball Athletes' Self-Reported Management of Pain, Intentions to Report Overuse Injuries, and Intentions to Adhere to Medical Advice for Treating Overuse Injuries.

Context: Girls' high school volleyball is a popular sport with a high rate of overuse injuries and sport specialization. Health professionals perceive that high school athletes are reluctant to follow treatment plans involving sport activity reduction. This study's purpose was to describe high school girls' volleyball athletes' self-reported shoulder and knee pain, the likelihood of adhering to medical advice, and the association of factors that influence the likelihood of reporting overuse injuries and sport specialization.

Germination response to winter temperature changes with seed shape and length of temperature exposure.

In many regions, the climate is changing faster during winter than during the other seasons, and a loss of snow cover combined with increased temperature variability can expose overwintering organisms to harmful conditions. Understanding how species respond to these changes during critical developmental times, such as seed germination, helps us assess the ecological implications of winter climate change. To address this concern, we measured the breaking of seed dormancy and cold tolerance of temperate grassland species in the lab and field.

Hypothalamic hormone deficiency enables physiological anorexia in ground squirrels during hibernation.

Mammalian hibernators survive prolonged periods of cold and resource scarcity by temporarily modulating normal physiological functions, but the mechanisms underlying these adaptations are poorly understood. The hibernation cycle of thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) lasts for 5-7 months and comprises weeks of hypometabolic, hypothermic torpor interspersed with 24-48-h periods of an active-like interbout arousal (IBA) state. We show that ground squirrels, who endure the entire hibernation season without food, have negligible hunger during IBAs.

Plant Kinesin Repertoires Expand with New Domain Architecture and Contract with the Loss of Flagella.

Kinesins are eukaryotic microtubule motor proteins subdivided into conserved families with distinct functional roles. While many kinesin families are widespread in eukaryotes, each organismal lineage maintains a unique kinesin repertoire composed of many families with distinct numbers of genes. Previous genomic surveys indicated that land plant kinesin repertoires differ markedly from other eukaryotes.

Unpacking the Paradox: Understanding the Gap Between Perceived and Actual Competence in LGBTQ+ Health Care.

Background: Awareness about existing health disparities affecting sexual minorities remains insufficient, and nursing professionals often lack self-awareness about their biases and assumptions concerning lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer/questioning (LGBTQ) individuals.

Purpose: To explore how exposure to the LGBTQ community, during both classroom and clinical experiences, relates to nursing students' confidence in providing culturally congruent care to this group.

Methods: This nonexperimental correlational study occurred at a Midwest 4-year public university, involving final-semester baccalaureate nursing students who completed demographic and educational preparation surveys regarding their confidence in providing health care to the LGBTQ population.

Chemically induced cone degeneration in the 13-lined ground squirrel.

Animal models of retinal degeneration are critical for understanding disease and testing potential therapies. Inducing degeneration commonly involves the administration of chemicals that kill photoreceptors by disrupting metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, or protein synthesis. While chemically induced degeneration has been demonstrated in a variety of animals (mice, rats, rabbits, felines, 13-lined ground squirrels (13-LGS), pigs, chicks), few studies have used noninvasive high-resolution retinal imaging to monitor the cellular effects.

Rules of engagement for condensins and cohesins guide mitotic chromosome formation.

During mitosis, interphase chromatin is rapidly converted into rod-shaped mitotic chromosomes. Using Hi-C, imaging, proteomics and polymer modeling, we determine how the activity and interplay between loop-extruding SMC motors accomplishes this dramatic transition. Our work reveals rules of engagement for SMC complexes that are critical for allowing cells to refold interphase chromatin into mitotic chromosomes.

Fostering effective and sustainable scientific collaboration and knowledge exchange: a workshop-based approach to establish a national ecological observatory network (NEON) domain-specific user group.

The decision to establish a network of researchers centers on identifying shared research goals. Ecologically specific regions, such as the USA's National Ecological Observatory Network's (NEON's) eco-climatic domains, are ideal locations by which to assemble researchers with a diverse range of expertise but focused on the same set of ecological challenges. The recently established Great Lakes User Group (GLUG) is NEON's first domain specific ensemble of researchers, whose goal is to address scientific and technical issues specific to the Great Lakes Domain 5 (D05) by using NEON data to enable advancement of ecosystem science.

Hypothalamic hormone deficiency enables physiological anorexia.

Mammalian hibernators survive prolonged periods of cold and resource scarcity by temporarily modulating normal physiological functions, but the mechanisms underlying these adaptations are poorly understood. The hibernation cycle of thirteen-lined ground squirrels lasts for 5-7 months and comprises weeks of hypometabolic, hypothermic torpor interspersed with 24-48-hour periods of an active-like interbout arousal (IBA) state. We show that ground squirrels, who endure the entire hibernation season without food, have negligible hunger during IBAs.

Comparative analyses of the banded alder borer (Rosalia funebris) and Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) genomes reveal significant differences in genome architecture and gene content among these and other Cerambycidae.

Rosalia funebris (RFUNE; Cerambycidae), the banded alder borer, is a longhorn beetle whose larvae feed on the wood of various economically and ecologically significant trees in western North America. Adults are short-lived and not known to consume plant material substantially. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the RFUNE genome using HiFi and RNASeq data.

Multisensory stimulation and its effect on breast milk volume production in mothers of premature infants.

Introduction: In a significant number of NICUs, mothers are unable to provide enough maternal milk to feed their premature babies, so healthcare workers rely on human milk banks. Unfortunately, this service is not available in many countries, such as Peru, where premature infants receive formula. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation on mother's own milk production.

Secondary School Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of How Youth Sport Specialization Impacts Workload.

Background: Youth sport specialization is a growing trend in youth sports and is associated with an increased risk of injuries and burnout. However, it is unknown how sport specialization is perceived to be affecting the working environment of secondary school athletic trainers (ATs). The purpose of this paper is to describe how ATs perceive youth sport specialization impacting their workload and whether they perceive it to impact patient safety.