Trends in avascular necrosis and related arthroplasties in hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a devastating complication often necessitating arthroplasty, particularly common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Limited research exists on arthroplasty trends since new steroid-sparing agents. We analyzed trends and characteristics associated with AVN and AVN-related arthroplasties among SLE and RA hospitalizations using two decades of data from the U.

Cooperative interaction of interferon regulatory factor -1 and bromodomain-containing protein 4 on RNA polymerase activation for intrinsic innate immunity.

Introduction: The human orthopneumovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), is the causative agent of severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and exacerbations of chronic lung diseases. In immune competent hosts, RSV productively infects highly differentiated epithelial cells, where it elicits robust anti-viral, cytokine and remodeling programs. By contrast, basal cells are relatively resistant to RSV infection, in part, because of constitutive expression of an intrinsic innate immune response (IIR) consisting of a subgroup of interferon (IFN) responsive genes.

Enhanced chronic inflammation and increased branched chain amino acids in adrenal disorders: a cross-sectional study.

Context: Patients with adrenal hormone excess demonstrate increased cardiovascular risk and mortality.

Objective: We aimed to determine the impact of adrenal disorders on the inflammation marker GlycA, total branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), ketone bodies and the gut microbiome-derived metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and betaine.

Methods: We conducted a single-center cross-sectional study of patients with nonfunctioning adenomas (NFA), mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), primary aldosteronism (PA), Cushing syndrome (CS), pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas (PPGL), other benign or malignant adrenal masses, and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) between January 2015 and July 2022 (n=802).

Validation of Thermal Imaging and the ALT-70 Prediction Model to Differentiate Cellulitis From Pseudocellulitis.

Importance: Cellulitis is misdiagnosed in up to 30% of cases due to mimic conditions termed pseudocellulitis. The resulting overuse of antibiotics is a threat to patient safety and public health. Surface thermal imaging and the ALT-70 (asymmetry, leukocytosis, tachycardia, and age ≥70 years) prediction model have been proposed as tools to help differentiate cellulitis from pseudocellulitis.

Second- and third-year medical students' clinical encounters in the emergency department.

Background: Experiential learning theory suggests that direct clinical experiences facilitate learning. Previous literature has focused primarily on the experiences of fourth-year medical students. As more students gain early clinical exposure, it is important to understand the types of patients seen by junior students.

Temporally resolved early BMP-driven transcriptional cascade during human amnion specification.

Amniogenesis, a process critical for continuation of healthy pregnancy, is triggered in a collection of pluripotent epiblast cells as the human embryo implants. Previous studies have established that BMP signaling is a major driver of this lineage specifying process, but the downstream BMP-dependent transcriptional networks that lead to successful amniogenesis remain to be identified. This is, in part, due to the current lack of a robust and reproducible model system that enables mechanistic investigations exclusively into amniogenesis.

Promoting diverse perspectives: Addressing health disparities related to Alzheimer's and all dementias.

Dementia research lacks appropriate representation of diverse groups who often face substantial adversity and greater risk of dementia. Current research participants are primarily well-resourced, non-Hispanic White, cisgender adults who live close to academic medical centers where much of the research is based. Consequently, the field faces a knowledge gap about Alzheimer's-related risk factors in those other groups.

Knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs about urinary tract infections in persons with neurogenic bladder and impacts on interventions to promote person-centered care.

Study Design: Qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore how knowledge, perceptions, and beliefs about urinary tract infections (UTIs) among persons with neurogenic bladder (NB) may impact health behaviors and provider management and enhance person-centeredness of interventions to improve UTI management.

Setting: Three Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers.

A novel factor IXa-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detects factor IXa in human plasma.

Background: Factor (F)IXa activity has been detected in human plasma and may impact thrombotic risk. Current FIXa activity assays are complex and cumbersome.

Objectives: To develop a reproducible enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a novel monoclonal antibody that detects total FIXa in human plasma.

Paul Berg and the origins of recombinant DNA.

In fall 1972, Paul Berg's laboratory published articles in PNAS describing two methods for constructing recombinant DNAs in vitro. He received half of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this landmark accomplishment. Here, we describe how this discovery came about, revolutionizing both biological research and the pharmaceutical industry.

Effectiveness of mRNA Booster Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Severe Outcomes Among Persons With and Without Immune Dysfunction: A Retrospective Cohort Study of National Electronic Medical Record Data in the United States.

Background: Real-world evidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) messenger RNA (mRNA) booster effectiveness among patients with immune dysfunction are limited.

Methods: We included data from patients in the United States National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) who completed ≥2 doses of mRNA vaccination between 10 December 2020 and 27 May 2022. Immune dysfunction conditions included human immunodeficiency virus infection, solid organ or bone marrow transplant, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

Addressing Social Determinants of Health in a Free Clinic Setting: A Student-Run Free Clinic and Community Resource Navigator Program.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) disproportionately affect medically-underserved populations such as those cared for in student-run free clinics (SRFCs). Community resource programs which address SDOH play an important role in reducing health disparities. The Southside MEDiC Clinic (SMC), a SRFC at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, partnered with the Community Resource Navigator Program (CRNP), a community resource program focused on addressing SDOH, to remove barriers that prevent positive health outcomes for SMC patients.

Pain management in trauma: the need for trauma-informed opioid prescribing guidelines.

Background/objectives: Surgical populations and particularly injury survivors often present with complex trauma that elevates their risk for prolonged opioid use and misuse. Changes in opioid prescribing guidelines during the past several years have yielded mixed results for pain management after trauma, with a limiting factor being the heterogeneity of clinical populations and treatment needs in individuals receiving opioids. The present analysis illuminates this gap between clinical guidelines and clinical practice through qualitative feedback from hospital trauma providers and unit staff members regarding current opioid prescribing guidelines and practices in the setting of traumatic injury.

Percutaneous Microwave Ablation for Treatment of Retroperitoneal Tumors.

Purpose To determine if microwave ablation (MWA) of retroperitoneal tumors can safely provide high rates of local tumor control. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 19 patients (median age, 65 years [range = 46-78 years]; 13 [68.4%] men and six [31.

Wall-mounted folding chairs to promote resident physician sitting at the hospital bedside.

Background: Sitting at the bedside may improve patient-clinician communication; however, many clinicians do not regularly sit during inpatient encounters.

Objective: To determine the impact of adding wall-mounted folding chairs inside patient rooms, beyond any impact from a resident education campaign, on the patient-reported frequency of sitting at the bedside by internal medicine resident physicians.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective, controlled pre-post trial between 2019 and 2022 (data collection paused 2020-2021 due to COVID-19) at an academic hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.

Naltrexone Compared With Buprenorphine or Methadone in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Although naltrexone is an evidence-based medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), few data are available with use in pregnancy. Our objective was to assess outcomes of pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) taking naltrexone compared with those taking methadone or buprenorphine.

Data Sources: We undertook a systematic review using electronic database search (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo), conference proceedings, and trial registries including ClinicalTrials.

Analysis of Breast Cancer Mortality in the US-1975 to 2019.

Importance: Breast cancer mortality in the US declined between 1975 and 2019. The association of changes in metastatic breast cancer treatment with improved breast cancer mortality is unclear.

Objective: To simulate the relative associations of breast cancer screening, treatment of stage I to III breast cancer, and treatment of metastatic breast cancer with improved breast cancer mortality.

Recombinant Zoster Vaccine [RZV] is Effective in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A US Propensity Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Recombinant zoster vaccine [RZV] reduces the short-term risk of herpes zoster [HZ] in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. However, there is lack of data regarding the long-term effectiveness in this population.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in adults ≥50 years old using TriNetX database between patients with IBD who received two doses of RZV [IBD-RZV cohort] and patients who did not receive RZV [IBD control cohort].

Neutrophil motility is regulated by both cell intrinsic and endothelial cell ARPC1B.

Neutrophil-directed motility is necessary for host defense, but its dysregulation can also cause collateral tissue damage. Actinopathies are monogenic disorders that affect the actin cytoskeleton and lead to immune dysregulation. Deficiency in ARPC1B, a component of the Arp2/3 complex, results in vascular neutrophilic inflammation; however, the mechanism remains unclear.

Screen interaction behavior in companion dogs: results from a dog owner survey.

Despite availability of video content marketed for dog () entertainment, there is little information on dog behaviors when viewing content, nor describing which content is engaging. The aims of this study were to define demographics of dogs that engage with screens, owner observed behaviors, and perceived content interest. A digital survey was distributed to dog owners (03/2022-03/2023).

Comparison of the structure-function of five newly members of the calcin family.

Calcins are a group of scorpion toxin peptides specifically binding to ryanodine receptors (RyRs) with high affinity, and have the ability to activate and stabilize RyR in a long-lasting subconductance state. Five newly calcins synthesized compounds exhibit typical structural characteristics of a specific family through chemical synthesis and virtual analysis. As the calcins from the same species, Petersiicalcin1 and Petersiicalcin2, Jendekicalcin2 and Jendekicalcin3, have only one residue difference.