Optimizing diabetes management interventions for Black and Hispanic adults using the multiphase optimization strategy: Protocol for a randomized mixed methods factorial trial.

Background: Black and Hispanic adults with diabetes are more likely to experience diabetes complications and die from diabetes compared to non-Hispanic whites. This disparity may be due to medication adherence being negatively affected by social determinants of health (SDOH) and negative beliefs about diabetes and diabetes medicines. Pharmacist delivered medication therapy management (MTM) improves clinical outcomes.

Motivations for obtaining advance provision of medication abortion in the United States: a qualitative study.

Background: Advance provision of medication abortion, or the prescription of mifepristone and misoprostol before pregnancy occurs, is an unexplored care model aimed at expanding abortion access. We examine motivations for obtaining advance provision from the online telemedicine service, Aid Access, which supports people in the United States.

Methods: Between May and November 2023, we conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 39 people who obtained advance provision between January 2022 and April 2023.

Current Trends in Remote and Flexible Work Options in Radiology and Perception of Impact on Radiologist Well-being.

Objective: This study aims to assess the current trends in remote and flexible work models in radiology, evaluate their perceived impact on radiologists' well-being, and explore the importance of these options in shaping employment decisions.

Methods: A voluntary, anonymous survey was sent to 981 members of the Association of Academic Radiologists (AAR) in April 2024. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographics and trends in remote and flexible work participation.

Do the provisional PRINTO Enthesitis/Spondylitis-Related JIA criteria capture youth with axial spondyloarthritis?

Background: The Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) recently undertook an effort to better harmonize the pediatric and adult arthritis criteria. These provisional criteria are being refined for optimal performance. We aimed to investigate differences between patients who did and did not fulfill these PRINTO criteria amongst youth diagnosed with juvenile spondyloarthritis (SpA) that met axial juvenile SpA (axJSpA) classification criteria.

Performance of study partner reports in a non-demented at-risk sample.

Introduction: The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale is a gold standard for staging impairment in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADRD). The Quick Dementia Rating System (QDRS) offers similar results in 3 to 5 minutes without a trained clinician. This study aimed to (1) investigate concordance between comparably derived QDRS and CDR global scores, (2) examine item-level QDRS/CDR agreement, and (3) compare sample characteristics and cognitive performance across QDRS/CDR global concordant/discordant groups.

Multicohort Analysis of Bronchial Epithelial Cell Expression in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Asthma Reveals Four Clinically Distinct Clusters.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with variable presentation and characteristics. There is a critical need to identify underlying molecular endotypes of asthma. We performed the largest transcriptomic analysis of 808 bronchial epithelial cell (BEC) samples across 11 independent cohorts, including 3 cohorts from the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP).

Female Pelvic Conditions: Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a likely underdiagnosed chronic pain syndrome consisting of pelvic pain lasting longer than 6 weeks plus lower urinary tract symptoms in the absence of infection or other identifiable cause. It is more common after 40 years of age. The etiology is unclear, but some patients have inflammatory findings in the bladder known as Hunner lesions.

Female Pelvic Conditions: Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Sexually transmitted infection rates are increasing in the United States, with significant increases in the rates of syphilis among patients of reproductive age and, subsequently, congenital syphilis. Syphilis screening is recommended in sexually active patients 15 to 44 years of age in communities with high syphilis rates and in all pregnant patients at the time of diagnosis or prenatal intake, in the third trimester, and at delivery. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea is currently recommended in asymptomatic, sexually active patients younger than 25 years, as well as in older patients with risk factors.

Female Pelvic Conditions: Dyspareunia and Vulvodynia.

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder is a relatively new term encompassing both dyspareunia (recurrent pain with intercourse) and vaginismus (involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor with attempted penetration). Symptoms are often multifactorial. Thus, a detailed history and sensitive patient-centered examination are essential to identify and treat the underlying cause(s).

Non-conventional toxin WTX and its disulfide-fixed synthetic fragments: Interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and reduction of blood pressure.

Non-conventional snake venom toxins, such as WTX from the cobra Naja kaouthia, are three-finger proteins containing a fifth disulfide bond in the N-terminal polypeptide loop I and inhibiting α7 and muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Because the central polypeptide loop II of non-conventional toxins plays an important role in their biological activity, we synthesized several WTX loop II fragments with two cysteine residues added at the N- and C-termini and oxidized to form a disulfide bond. The inhibition by peptides of several nAChRs subtypes was investigated using different methods and the effects of peptides on the rat arterial pressure and heart rate were analyzed.

Comparison of Race-neutral Versus Race-specific Spirometry Equations for Evaluation of Child Asthma.

Rationale: Race-based estimates of pulmonary function in children could influence the evaluation of asthma in children from racial and ethnic minoritized backgrounds.

Objectives: To determine if race-neutral (GLI-Global) versus race-specific (GLI-Race-Specific) reference equations differentially impact spirometry evaluation of childhood asthma.

Methods: The analysis included 8,719 children aged 5 to <12 years from 27 cohorts across the United States grouped by parent-reported race and ethnicity.

Estimation of Cancer Deaths Averted From Prevention, Screening, and Treatment Efforts, 1975-2020.

Importance: Cancer mortality has decreased over time, but the contributions of different interventions across the cancer control continuum to averting cancer deaths have not been systematically evaluated across major cancer sites.

Objective: To quantify the contributions of prevention, screening (to remove precursors [interception] or early detection), and treatment to cumulative number of cancer deaths averted from 1975 to 2020 for breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this model-based study using population-level cancer mortality data, outputs from published models developed by the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network were extended to quantify cancer deaths averted through 2020.

Lower neurovascular coupling response despite higher cerebral blood flow at rest in apolipoprotein ɛ4 positive adults.

Cerebral blood flow at rest declines with age. However, age-related changes in functional measures of cerebrovascular health including cerebrovascular reactivity and neurovascular coupling are not well understood. Additionally, the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular function remains unclear.

Longitudinal Assessment of AMD using Ultrawide Field Imaging - The Optos PEripheral RetinA (OPERA) Follow-up Study.

Purpose: With the widespread availability of ultrawide field imaging, peripheral retinal abnormalities in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have garnered attention. However, longitudinal studies on AMD peripheral findings are limited. This study aims to characterize and quantify these features over five years.

Type 1 Immune Responses Related to Viral Infection Influence Corticosteroid Response in Asthma.

Rationale: Corticosteroid-responsive type 2 (T2) inflammation underlies the T2-high asthma endotype. However, we hypothesized that type 1 (T1) inflammation, possibly related to viral infection, may also influence corticosteroid response.

Objectives: To determine the frequency and within-patient variability of T1-high, T2-high, and T1/T2-high asthma endotypes and whether virally influenced T1-high disease influences corticosteroid response in asthma.

Barriers to Adherence with Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with Uveitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the barriers to adherence with immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for patients with uveitis across multiple regions of the United States.

Methods: A multi-center survey of adult and pediatric patients with ocular inflammatory diseases undergoing treatment with IMT was conducted between September 2021 and August 2022. Participating sites included Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute, Wong Eye Institute of the University of Texas at Austin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Minnesota, Veterans Affairs Hospital of Minneapolis, and Washington University of St.

Moving beyond tokenism: Sustaining engagement of persons living with dementia in identifying emergency research priorities.

Introduction: The Geriatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network 2.0-Advancing Dementia Care (GEAR 2.0-ADC) aims to advance research efforts to improve the emergency care of persons living with dementia (PLWDs).

Real-time imaging reveals a role for macrophage protrusive motility in melanoma invasion.

Macrophages are primary cells of the innate immune system that mediate tumor progression. However, the motile behavior of macrophages and interactions with tumor cells are not well understood. Here, we exploit the optical transparency of larval zebrafish and perform real-time imaging of macrophage-melanoma interactions.

Amyloid-β positivity is less prevalent in cognitively unimpaired KL-VS heterozygotes.

Background: Klotho, encoded by the gene, is an anti-aging and neuroprotective protein. KL-VS heterozygosity (KL-VS) is hypothesized to be protective against the accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological hallmarks (amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau).

Objective: We examine whether being positive for Aβ (A+) or tau (T+), or A/T joint status [positive for Aβ (A + T-), tau (A-T+), both (A + T+) or neither (A-T-)] vary by KL-VS and whether serum klotho protein levels vary based on A+, T+, or A/T status in a cohort enriched for AD risk.

Main versus segmental hepatic artery angioembolization in patients with traumatic liver injuries: A Western Trauma Association multicenter study.

Introduction: Hepatic angioembolization is highly effective for hemorrhage control in hemodynamically stable patients with traumatic liver injuries and contrast extravasation. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the specific location of angioembolization within the hepatic arterial vasculature and its implications on patient outcomes.

Methods: A post-hoc analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study across 23 centers was performed.