Validation of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire and instructional materials motivation survey.

Purpose: To validate the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), which measures learner motivations; and the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS), which measures the motivational properties of educational activities.

Methods: Participants (333 pharmacists, physicians, and advanced practice providers) completed the MSLQ, IMMS, Congruence-Personalization Questionnaire (CPQ), and a knowledge test immediately following an online learning module (April 2021). We randomly divided data for split-sample analysis using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the multitrait-multimethod matrix.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt perforations of the gastrointestinal tract.

OBJECT The purposes of this study were to evaluate the frequency with which children presented with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt perforations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, to determine the type of shunts that caused the perforations, and to compare the stiffness of perforating catheters with the stiffness of catheters from other manufacturers. METHODS Medical records were reviewed of 197 children who were admitted with VP shunt malfunction. Catheter stiffness was evaluated by measuring relative resistance to cross-sectional compression, resistance to column buckling, and elasticity in longitudinal bending.

Sources of delayed provision of neurosurgical care in a rural kenyan setting.

Background: Delay to neurosurgical care can result in significant morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aim to identify and quantify the sources of delay to neurosurgical consultation and care at a rural setting in Kenya.

Methods: A mixed-methods, cross-sectional analysis of all patients admitted to the neurosurgical department at Kijabe Hospital (KH) was conducted: A retrospective analysis of admissions from October 1 to December 31, 2013 and a prospective analysis from June 2 to June 20, 2014.

Distal spinal cord stimulation in infants with myelomeningoceles: preliminary study.

Object: The purpose of this study of infants with myelomeningoceles was to evaluate the effect of stimulation of the distal spinal cord, proximal to the neural placode, on functioning lower-extremity muscles distal to the placode.

Methods: In 13 infants with lumbosacral myelomeningoceles, the lateral spinal cord was stimulated, with a monopolar probe, between its exit from the spinal canal and the neural placode. Responses of functional muscles in the lower extremities were monitored with a neural integrity monitor.

Technique for insertion of intraventricular baclofen catheters.

Intraventricular baclofen (IVB) infusion has been used recently to treat secondary dystonia. Techniques of catheter implantation have not been thoroughly described. The object of this study was to describe a technique developed in the past 6 years to implant intraventricular catheters for baclofen infusion.

Hydrocephalus shunt practice of experienced pediatric neurosurgeons.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the ways experienced pediatric neurosurgeons insert ventriculo-peritoneal shunts and manage the shunted children afterward.

Methods: Seven pediatric neurosurgeons with extensive experience in hydrocephalus were surveyed about their choice of shunts, methods of shunt insertion, shunt follow-ups, management of incidental ventriculomegaly, and prevention of slit-ventricle syndrome. The author completed the survey also.

Intraventricular baclofen for dystonia: techniques and outcomes. Clinical article.

Object: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of intraventricular baclofen (IVB) for the treatment of severe generalized secondary and heredodegenerative dystonia.

Methods: Nine children and 1 adult with severe dystonia unresponsive to multiple oral medications were treated with IVB. Intraventricular catheters were positioned endoscopically in the third ventricle.

Combined ventral and dorsal rhizotomies for dystonic and spastic extremities. Report of six cases.

Six children with secondary dystonia as the primary movement disorder in their extremities but with coexisting spasticity were treated with combined ventral and dorsal rhizotomies, resulting in long-term improvement in their dystonia and no adverse side effects. Combined rhizotomies can be considered in the treatment of children who are not candidates for intrathecal baclofen, particularly severely disabled children who have dystonia and spasticity in their extremities, but hypotonia in their neck and trunk.

Intrathecal baclofen for childhood hypertonia.

Introduction: Intrathecal baclofen was first introduced in 1985 to manage childhood hypertonia. There has been an evolution in thought as to how candidates should be identified and what forms of hypertonia respond to this treatment.

Purpose: This manuscript reviews the pharmacology of the drug, the assessment of candidates, the implantation of the infusion pump, and the usual doses delivered.