High Variation in Inner Retinal Reflectivity Predicts Poor Visual Outcome in Patients With Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: SCORE2 Report 21.

Purpose: To assess the association of a novel spectral domain optical coherence tomography biomarker with 6-month visual acuity in in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2.

Methods: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography volume scans were evaluated for inner retinal hyperreflectivity, quantified by optical intensity ratio (OIR) and OIR variation. Baseline visual acuity letter score (VALS), baseline OCT biomarkers, and month 1 OIR were correlated with VALS at month 6.

SCORE2 Report 24: Nonlinear Relationship of Retinal Thickness and Visual Acuity in Central Retinal and Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To investigate whether a nonlinear association between central subfield thickness (CST) on spectral-domain OCT and concurrent visual acuity letter score (VALS) exists in eyes treated initially with aflibercept or bevacizumab for macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2).

Design: Long-term follow-up after a randomized clinical trial from 64 centers in the United States.

Participants: Participants were followed up to 60 months and treated at investigator discretion after completing the 12-month treatment protocol.

SCORE2 Report 20: Relationship of Treatment Discontinuation With Visual Acuity and Central Subfield Thickness Outcomes.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment discontinuation with baseline factors and outcomes in eyes treated initially with aflibercept or bevacizumab for macular edema from central or hemiretinal vein occlusion.

Design: Long-term follow-up after a randomized clinical trial from 64 US centers.

Methods: Analysis included 150 SCORE2 Month 60 completers classified into 3 groups: discontinued treatment early, treated intermittently, and treated continuously.

Month 60 Outcomes After Treatment Initiation With Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Macular Edema Due to Central Retinal or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To investigate 5-year outcomes in eyes initially treated with aflibercept or bevacizumab for macular edema due to central retinal or hemiretinal vein occlusion.

Methods: Long-term follow-up (LTF) after a randomized clinical trial from 64 centers in the United States. Participants were followed up to 60 months and treated at investigator discretion after completing the 12-month treatment protocol.

SCORE2 Report 17: Macular thickness fluctuations in anti-VEGF-treated patients with central or hemiretinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate macular thickness fluctuations and their association with visual acuity outcome in eyes with macular edema (ME) secondary to central (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) treated initially with intravitreal aflibercept or bevacizumab.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of 362 patients with ME secondary to CRVO or HRVO initially randomized to six monthly intravitreal injections of aflibercept or bevacizumab. Three spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) central subfield thickness (CST) fluctuation measures were investigated over Months 1-12: standard deviation (SD), number of turning points (T) for each participant, and a measure denoted as Zigzag reflecting the magnitude of alternating ups and downs in a participant's CST.

Association between early and late response in eyes with central or hemiretinal vein occlusion treated with anti-VEGF agents : SCORE2 report 12: secondary analysis of the SCORE2 clinical trial.

Purpose: To assess whether early visual acuity letter score change from baseline (ΔVALS) and early spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measures of center point thickness (CPT) are associated with later ΔVALS in eyes with macular edema due to central or hemiretinal vein occlusion treated with intravitreal aflibercept or bevacizumab.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of 362 participants.

Results: Considered separately at month 3, CPT (categorized as ≤ 300 μm, > 300 μm) and ΔVALS (categorized as < 5, 5-9, ≥ 10) are predictive of ΔVALS at month 6 (aflibercept: P = 0.

SCORE2 Report 13: Intraretinal Hemorrhage Changes in Eyes With Central or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion Managed With Aflibercept, Bevacizumab or Observation. Secondary Analysis of the SCORE and SCORE2 Clinical Trials.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between intraretinal macular hemorrhage and visual acuity outcomes in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion or hemiretinal vein occlusion managed with aflibercept, bevacizumab, or observation.

Design: Retrospective analysis of data from 2 randomized clinical trials.

Methods: A total of 362 participants were randomized in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2, and 88 participants randomized to observation in the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid in Retinal Vein Occlusion Study.

Patient-Reported Visual Function Outcomes After Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Macular Edema Due to Central Retinal or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion: Preplanned Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is the standard-of-care first-line treatment for macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO), and information is needed to assess the effect of anti-VEGF therapy on patient-reported visual function.

Objective: To investigate the effect of intravitreal aflibercept or bevacizumab on patient-reported visual function in patients with macular edema secondary to CRVO or HRVO.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This preplanned secondary analysis of the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2, a randomized clinical trial, included 346 participants from 66 private practice or academic centers in the United States.

Vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy-a longitudinal study in the Nile rat.

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and is a major cause of blindness, but an understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease has been hampered by a lack of accurate animal models. Here, we explore the dynamics of retinal cellular changes in the Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus), a carbohydrate-sensitive model for type 2 diabetes. The early retinal changes in diabetic Nile rats included increased acellular capillaries and loss of pericytes that correlated linearly with the duration of diabetes.

Month 12 Outcomes After Treatment Change at Month 6 Among Poor Responders to Aflibercept or Bevacizumab in Eyes With Macular Edema Secondary to Central or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion: A Secondary Analysis of the SCORE2 Study.

Importance: Information is needed to assess switching treatment in eyes with a poor response to 6 months of monthly administration of aflibercept or bevacizumab for macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO).

Objective: To investigate visual acuity letter score (VALS) and central subfield thickness (CST) changes from month 6 to 12 among eyes with a poor response at month 6 to monthly dosing of aflibercept or bevacizumab in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This secondary analysis of the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2) was conducted at 66 private practice or academic centers in the United States.

Comparison of Monthly vs Treat-and-Extend Regimens for Individuals With Macular Edema Who Respond Well to Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Medications: Secondary Outcomes From the SCORE2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Comparisons of monthly vs treat-and-extend anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) regimens for macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion or hemiretinal vein occlusion is needed.

Objective: To compare visual acuity letter score and central subfield thickness outcomes of participants in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2) trial who then received either monthly injections or treat-and-extend (TAE) regimens of aflibercept or bevacizumab after a good response at month 6.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial enrolled participants from 66 private practice or academic centers in the United States.

SCORE2 Report 5: Vision-Related Function in Patients With Macular Edema Secondary to Central Retinal or Hemiretinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To describe baseline vision-related function, measured with the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), in patients with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2); evaluate the baseline relationship between NEI VFQ-25 scores with visual acuity letter score (VALS) and central retinal thickness; and compare baseline NEI VFQ-25 scores in SCORE2 participants with those in normal-vision reference populations and patients in other retinal vein occlusion trials.

Design: Multicenter, noninferiority randomized controlled trial.

Methods: SCORE2 was designed to assess whether intravitreal bevacizumab is noninferior to intravitreal aflibercept for treatment of decreased vision attributable to macular edema owing to CRVO or HRVO.

Effect of Bevacizumab vs Aflibercept on Visual Acuity Among Patients With Macular Edema Due to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: The SCORE2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Studies have established the efficacy and safety of aflibercept for the treatment of macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion. Bevacizumab is used off-label to treat this condition despite the absence of supporting data.

Objective: To investigate whether bevacizumab is noninferior to aflibercept for the treatment of macular edema secondary to central retinal or hemiretinal vein occlusion.

SCORE2 Report 2: Study Design and Baseline Characteristics.

Purpose: To describe the design and baseline characteristics of participants in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2) and to compare with cohorts from other retinal vein occlusion trials.

Design: Phase III prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial designed to assess whether intravitreal bevacizumab is noninferior to intravitreal aflibercept for treatment of decreased vision attributable to macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO).

Participants: Total of 362 participants: 307 with CRVO and 55 with HRVO.

SCORE2 Report 1: Techniques to Optimize Recruitment in Phase III Clinical Trials of Patients With Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.

Purpose: To investigate recruitment rates of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) into phase III clinical trials evaluating intravitreal pharmacotherapy for treatment of macular edema in the United States, describe recruitment techniques in the Study of COmparative Treatments for REtinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2), and assess which SCORE2 recruitment techniques were most useful to principal investigators and clinical coordinators.

Design: Retrospective survey within a randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Recruitment rates of the Standard Care versus COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE)-CRVO trial, CRUISE Study, and SCORE2 were calculated.

SCORE Study report 3: study design and baseline characteristics.

Objective: To describe the baseline characteristics of the participants in the Standard Care versus COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study and to compare with cohorts from other retinal vein occlusion trials. The design of the SCORE Study is also described.

Design: Two, multicenter, Phase III, randomized clinical trials, one involving participants with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and one involving participants with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

A randomized trial comparing intravitreal triamcinolone and focal/grid photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema: baseline features.

Purpose: To compare baseline demographic, systemic, and ocular characteristics within age and racial subgroups among participants in this Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network clinical trial and to compare this cohort with other cohorts enrolled in phase 3 clinical trials for diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Thirty-six month, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial of 693 participants with diabetic macular edema enrolled at 88 clinical sites in the United States. Participants were categorized into self-reported race/ethnicity subgroups and into one of three age groups: 18 to <60, 60 to <70, and 70 and older.