Shared selection and genetic architecture drive strikingly repeatable evolution in long-term experimental hybrid populations.

The degree to which evolution repeats itself has implications regarding the major forces driving evolution and the potential for evolutionary biology to be a predictive (versus solely historical) science. To understand the factors that control evolutionary repeatability, we experimentally evolved four replicate hybrid populations of sunflowers at natural sites for up to 14 years and tracked ancestry across the genome. We found that there was very strong negative selection against introgressed ancestry in several chromosomes, but positive selection for introgressed ancestry in one chromosome.

Descriptive analysis of interpreter service mode costs & usage in Northwestern Wisconsin pre and peri COVID-19.

Background: Interpreter service mode (in person, audio, or video) can impact patient experiences and engagement in the healthcare system, but clinics must balance quality with costs and volume to deliver services. Videoconferencing and telephone services provide lower cost options, effective where on site interpreters are scarce, or patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) and/or interpreters are unable to visit healthcare centers. The COVID 19 pandemic generated these conditions in Northwest Wisconsin (NWWI).

Vole hunting: novel predatory and carnivorous behavior by California ground squirrels.

Unlabelled: Dietary flexibility allows animals to respond adaptively to food pulses in the environment. Here we document the novel emergence of widespread hunting of California voles and carnivorous feeding behavior by California ground squirrels. Over two months in the twelfth year of a long-term study on the squirrel population, we document 74 events of juvenile and adult ground squirrels of both sexes depredating, consuming, and/or competing over vole prey.

Human presence shifts the landscape of fear for a free-living mammal.

Humans may play a key role in providing small prey mammals spatial and temporal refuge from predators, but few studies have captured the heterogeneity of these effects across space and time. Global COVID-19 lockdown restrictions offered a unique opportunity to investigate how a sudden change in human presence in a semi-urban park impacted wildlife. Here, we quantify how changes in the spatial distributions of humans and natural predators influenced the landscape of fear for the California ground squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi) in a COVID-19 pandemic (2020) and non-COVID (2019) year.

North American Pilot of TBIconneCT: A Social Communication Intervention via Telehealth for Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Conversation Partners.

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot investigation was to identify formative feedback to guide the development of a North American version of the TBIconneCT program. A secondary purpose was to examine the feasibility of delivering the intervention by graduate students.

Method: Two cohorts of individuals with chronic brain injuries and their communication partners were recruited for a 10-week, modified TBIconneCT program delivered by graduate student clinicians via telehealth.

Identifying Challenges Related to the Management of Comorbidities in People with Dementia in Residential Care: Expert Delphi Consensus Exercise.

Improving early detection, management, and treatment of comorbid conditions to dementia in residential care could slow down cognitive and functional decline, and increase residents' quality of life. We conducted a Delphi study comprising three rounds (two surveys and an interview) to identify the most difficult dementia comorbidities to deal with in residential care and related issues. Participants were 15 UK-based experts including academics, residential care workers, geriatricians, and neuropsychologists.

Acoustic characteristics of three English semivowels /l, ɹ, w/ and vowels in young children with and without speech sound disorders.

Purpose: The aim of the current study is to examine if the relationship among three semivowel sounds (/l, ɹ, w/) and between the semivowel and the following vowel differs by children's overall speech proficiency, and if this relationship affects listeners' perceptual judgment of the liquid sounds (/l, ɹ/). The acoustic proximity among the three semivowel sounds and the acoustic characteristics of the following vowel sounds were examined by each child speaker's overall speech sound proficiency and their semivowel accuracy.

Methods: A total of 21 monolingual English-speaking children with and without speech sound disorders produced monosyllabic words that include target semivowel sounds in word-initial position in different vowel contexts.

Family Caregivers' Experiences of Long-Term Care Residents Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Grounded Theory Study.

Aims: Caution around the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in visitation restrictions to prevent the spread of the virus among vulnerable older persons living in long-term care (LTC), which posed a threat to individual well-being and family togetherness across the globe. The purpose of this study was to explore family caregiver's experience of having a person who is living with dementia residing in a long-term care facility during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: Qualitative descriptive study using constructivist grounded theory (GT) methodology.

Increasing Graduate Student Awareness of Cultural Competence Through Bias Exploration Related to Diverse Cultural Families.

Emphasis by the American Nurses Association and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing regarding the importance of cultural competence in nursing education led to the development of a strategy to address personal bias in graduate nursing students. With the updated Essentials and a change to competency-based education, a need to address culturally congruent practices while increasing awareness of professional organization recommendations exists. Since Domain 2 of the Essentials highlights that culturally competent care is essential to person-centered care, a strategy that enhances knowledge by expanding the definition of culture beyond ethnicity and race was developed.

Early intervention speech-language pathologists' beliefs and practices related to assessing dual language learners.

Introduction: Early intervention (EI) speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are required to provide culturally and linguistically responsive assessments for dual language learners (DLLs). However, SLPs consistently report feeling underprepared to assess DLLs and research demonstrates gaps in implementation of best practices in pediatric outpatient and school-based settings. This study was designed to understand EI SLPs' beliefs and practices related to assessing DLLs referred to early intervention programs.

Virtual Reality Videos for Symptom Management in Hospice and Palliative Care.

Objective: To learn more about the effect of virtual reality videos on patients' symptoms near the end of life, including which are most effective, how long the effect lasts, and which patients benefit the most.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 30 patients in a regional hospice and palliative care program from March 11, 2022, through July 14, 2023. Using a head-mounted display virtual reality, all participants viewed a 15-minute video of serene nature scenes with ambient sounds.

Conformational fluidity of intrinsically disordered proteins in crowded environment: a molecular dynamics simulation study.

The class of intrinsically disordered proteins lacks stable three-dimensional structures. Their flexibility allows them to engage in a wide variety of interactions with other biomolecules thus making them biologically relevant and efficient. The intrinsic disorders of these proteins, which undergo binding-induced folding, allow alterations in their topologies while conserving their binding sites.

Use of a PHQ-9 Heat Map to Facilitate Management Decisions in Patients With Depression.

Background: Depression is a common concern for patients seeking medical care. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a tool used to diagnose and manage depression. Tracking individual symptom scores rather than the sum of multiple symptom scores has been found to be more predictive of depression treatment response.

Motivation and Use of Telehealth Among People with Depression in the United States.

Introduction: The global mental health crisis, compounded by the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the urgent need for accessible mental health care solutions. Telehealth services have emerged as a promising technology to address barriers to access mental health services. However, population-based studies examining telehealth utilization among individuals with depression are limited.

Interaction of age and sex as factors in understanding the anxiolytic effects of alcohol: Unasked questions limiting the understanding of a critical health issue.

Understanding the reasons why people consume alcohol is a critical health issue. Alcohol produces a variety of effects, including a reduction in stress or negative emotional states termed an anxiolytic effect. The anxiolytic effect of alcohol is an often-reported reason for why people begin consuming the drug.

Supporting Participation Through Project-Based Intervention: A Tutorial for Working With People With Aphasia in Individual Sessions.

Purpose: Participation is an integral focus of services to people with aphasia and is considered best practice within the scope of practice for speech-language pathology. The Life Participation Approach to Aphasia encourages meaningful participation in life for people living with aphasia. In theory, providing participation-based services to people with aphasia seems logical; however, embedding these constructs of participation into practice can be challenging for speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Predicting pharmaceutical supply chain disruptions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Disruptions to the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) have negative implications for patients, motivating their prediction to improve risk mitigation. Although data analytics and machine learning methods have been proposed to support the characterization of probabilities to inform decisions and risk mitigation strategies, their application in the PSC has not been previously described. Further, it is unclear how well these models perform in the presence of emergent events representing deep uncertainty such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Psychosocial factors play a central role in determining SNAP utilization for farm workforce.

Introduction: Federal food safety net programs, like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), may not reach vulnerable populations like rural residents, immigrants, and Latinx individuals. Because these groups are overrepresented among the farm workforce, exploring SNAP utilization among farm communities may clarify the role it plays in alleviating food insecurity.

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 31 farmworkers and farm owners.

Use of Standardized Nursing Terminologies to Capture Social Determinants of Health Data: An Integrative Review.

Addressing social determinants of health in nursing care is important for improving health outcomes and reducing health inequities. Using standardized nursing terminologies to capture this information generates sharable data that can be used to achieve these goals and create new knowledge. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine use of standardized nursing terminologies for collecting social determinants of health data in nursing research and practice.