Air or Oxygen for Infant Resuscitation: A Prospective Cohort Study of Moderate-Late Preterm Infants Requiring Delivery Room Resuscitation.

Introduction: Due to concerns of oxidative stress and injury, most clinicians currently use lower levels of fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2, 0.21-0.3) to initiate respiratory support for moderate to late preterm (MLPT, 32-36 weeks gestation) infants at birth.

Dominant-negative variants in CBX1 cause a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish variants in CBX1, encoding heterochromatin protein 1β (HP1β), as a cause of a novel syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.

Methods: Patients with CBX1 variants were identified, and clinician researchers were connected using GeneMatcher and physician referrals. Clinical histories were collected from each patient.

RESIRT: A Phase 1 Study of Selective Internal Radiation Therapy Using Yttrium-90 Resin Microspheres in Patients With Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction: Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a potential treatment of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) deemed unsuitable for conventional therapy. RESIRT is the first-in-human study to evaluate safety and feasibility of SIRT for primary RCC.

Patients And Methods: Patients with RCC, unsuitable for, or who declined conventional therapy, were eligible.

Learning from the experience of peer support facilitators and study nurses in diabetes peer support: A qualitative study.

Objectives: We report on the experiences of peer support facilitators and study nurses who participated in a large trial of peer support for type 2 diabetes. The support was led by volunteer peer support facilitators, who were trained in overcoming barriers to diabetes care, motivational interviewing, listening skills and setting up and running group support sessions. There is currently a distinct lack of qualitative evidence on what works in peer support.

Influence of age on the prevalence and components of the metabolic syndrome and the association with cardiovascular disease.

Objective: The significance of the metabolic syndrome (MS) is debated. We investigated whether MS component (by ATPIII and IDF definitions) clustering and any association between MS and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) varied with age.

Research Design And Methods: In all, 1429 adults (≥25 years) from randomly selected households in rural Victoria, Australia, were assessed for components of MS and prevalent CVD.

Effectiveness of a rural longitudinal integrated clerkship in preparing medical students for internship.

Background: We interviewed graduates from the first two cohorts of a postgraduate medical program that had a senior year longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) in a practice setting in rural New South Wales, Australia to determine how well their training prepared them to be junior doctors (3-4 years after graduation), and what aspects of that training they thought were particularly useful.

Methods: In-depth interviews.

Results: Fourteen junior doctors were interviewed.

Comparison of contractile responses of single human motor units in the toe extensors during unloaded and loaded isotonic and isometric conditions.

Much of the repertoire of muscle function performed in everyday life involves isotonic dynamic movements, either with or without an additional load, yet most studies of single motor units measure isometric forces. To assess the effects of muscle load on the contractile response, we measured the contractile properties of single motor units supplying the toe extensors, assessed by intraneural microstimulation of single human motor axons, in isotonic, loaded isotonic, and isometric conditions. Tungsten microelectrodes were inserted into the common peroneal nerve, and single motor axons (n = 10) supplying the long toe extensors were electrically stimulated through the microelectrode.

Impact of bone-targeted therapies in chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone acetate: post hoc analysis of study COU-AA-302.

Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) often involves bone, and bone-targeted therapy (BTT) has become part of the overall treatment strategy.

Objective: Investigation of outcomes for concomitant BTT in a post hoc analysis of the COU-AA-302 trial, which demonstrated an overall clinical benefit of abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone over placebo plus prednisone in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This report describes the third interim analysis (prespecified at 55% overall survival [OS] events) for the COU-AA-302 trial.

Radiographic progression-free survival as a response biomarker in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: COU-AA-302 results.

Purpose: Progression-free survival (PFS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) trials has been inconsistently defined and poorly associated with overall survival (OS). A reproducible quantitative definition of radiographic PFS (rPFS) was tested for association with a coprimary end point of OS in a randomized trial of abiraterone in patients with mCRPC.

Patients And Methods: rPFS was defined as ≥ two new lesions on an 8-week bone scan plus two additional lesions on a confirmatory scan, ≥ two new confirmed lesions on any scan ≥ 12 weeks after random assignment, and/or progression in nodes or viscera on cross-sectional imaging, or death.

Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (COU-AA-302): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study.

Background: Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone significantly improved radiographic progression-free survival compared with placebo plus prednisone in men with chemotherapy-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer at the interim analyses of the COU-AA-302 trial. Here, we present the prespecified final analysis of the trial, assessing the effect of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone on overall survival, time to opiate use, and use of other subsequent therapies.

Methods: In this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised phase 3 study, 1088 asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with chemotherapy-naive prostate cancer stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology performance status (0 vs 1) were randomly assigned with a permuted block allocation scheme via a web response system in a 1:1 ratio to receive either abiraterone acetate (1000 mg once daily) plus prednisone (5 mg twice daily; abiraterone acetate group) or placebo plus prednisone (placebo group).

Updated interim efficacy analysis and long-term safety of abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients without prior chemotherapy (COU-AA-302).

Background: Abiraterone acetate (an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor) plus prednisone is approved for treating patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Study COU-AA-302 evaluated abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus prednisone alone in mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with progressive mCRPC without prior chemotherapy.

Objective: Report the prespecified third interim analysis (IA) of efficacy and safety outcomes in study COU-AA-302.

Sonographically detected thickened small bowel in a case of paediatric Salmonella Typhimurium enteritis.

: A five-year-old year old girl developed fever of 40.3° C, vomiting, mild general abdominal pain, followed by bloody diarrhea. : Ultrasonography revealed a length of symmetrically thickened terminal ileum, more than 20 cm long, with walls greater than 0.

Professional identity in medical students: pedagogical challenges to medical education.

Background: Professional identity, or how a doctor thinks of himself or herself as a doctor, is considered to be as critical to medical education as the acquisition of skills and knowledge relevant to patient care.

Summary: This article examines contemporary literature on the development of professional identity within medicine. Relevant theories of identity construction are explored and their application to medical education and pedagogical approaches to enhancing students' professional identity are proposed.

Radiotherapy response in microsatellite instability related rectal cancer.

Preoperative radiotherapy may improve the resectability and subsequent local control of rectal cancers. However, the extent of radiation induced regression in these tumours varies widely between individuals. To date no reliable predictive marker of radiation sensitivity in rectal cancer has been identified.

Australian general practitioners' perspectives on their role in well-child health care.

Background: In a General Practitioner (GP) setting, preventative medicine is reported as the predominant source of health care for the well-child. However, the role of the GP in well-child health care is not well understood in Australia. The aim of this study was to describe the role of the GP in providing services for well-children and families in Australia.

Orthotopic administration of (213)Bi-bevacizumab inhibits progression of PC3 xenografts in the prostate.

Aim: To investigate orthotopic targeted α-radioimmunotherapy for the control of early-stage PC3 prostate cancer nude mouse xenografts using the radiolabeled bevacizumab (BZ) immunoconjugate ((213)Bi-BZ), which emits short-range α-radiation.

Materials & Methods: 10(6) PC3 human prostate cancer cells were injected into the lower capsule of the mouse prostate gland 1 week prior to α-radioimmunotherapy. Mice were euthanized and assessed for tumour growth at 2 (two mice), 4 (two mice) and 6 weeks (three mice) post-therapy.

Preeclamptic nephropathy.

With the recent discovery of potential serum 'toxins' in human preeclampsia, it is timely to consider how these might relate to preeclamptic nephropathy. This review will discuss the clinical presentation of preeclampsia with an emphasis on renal involvement. It will explore the nature of the renal histological changes including endothelial and the more recently discovered podocyte changes, the implications of elevated anti-angiogenic molecules, anti-angiotensin-1 receptor agonistic antibodies and other proposed mechanisms in causing or exacerbating renal lesions.