Photocatalytic overall water splitting endowed by modulation of internal and external energy fields.

The pursuit of sustainable and clean energy sources has driven extensive research into the generation and use of novel energy vectors. The photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS) reaction has been identified as a promising approach for harnessing solar energy to produce hydrogen to be used as a clean energy carrier. Materials chemistry and associated photocatalyst design are key to the further improvement of the efficiency of the POWS reaction through the optimization of charge carrier separation, migration and interfacial reaction kinetics.

Methods for the analysis, interpretation, and prediction of single-molecule junction conductance behaviour.

This article offers a broad overview of measurement methods in the field of molecular electronics, with a particular focus on the most common single-molecule junction fabrication techniques, the challenges in data analysis and interpretation of single-molecule junction current-distance traces, and a summary of simulations and predictive models aimed at establishing robust structure-property relationships of use in the further development of molecular electronics.

Mutual induced fit transition structure stabilization of corannulene's bowl-to-bowl inversion in a perylene bisimide cyclophane.

Corannulene is known to undergo a fast bowl-to-bowl inversion at r.t. a planar transition structure (TS).

Pressure-induced postsynthetic cluster anion substitution in a MIL-53 topology scandium metal-organic framework.

Postsynthetic modification of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has proven to be a hugely powerful tool to tune physical properties and introduce functionality, by exploiting reactive sites on both the MOF linkers and their inorganic secondary building units (SBUs), and so has facilitated a wide range of applications. Studies into the reactivity of MOF SBUs have focussed solely on removal of neutral coordinating solvents, or direct exchange of linkers such as carboxylates, despite the prevalence of ancillary charge-balancing oxide and hydroxide ligands found in many SBUs. Herein, we show that the μ-OH ligands in the MIL-53 topology Sc MOF, GUF-1, are labile, and can be substituted for μ-OCH units through reaction with pore-bound methanol molecules in a very rare example of pressure-induced postsynthetic modification.

The Use of Bridging Ligand Substituents to Bias the Population of Localized and Delocalized Mixed-Valence Conformers in Solution.

The electronic structure and associated spectroscopic properties of ligand-bridged, bimetallic 'mixed-valence' complexes of the general form {M}(μ-B){M } are dictated by the electronic couplings, and hence orbital overlaps, between the metal centers mediated by the bridge. In the case of complexes such as [{Cp*(dppe)Ru}(μ-C≡CC H C≡C){Ru(dppe)Cp*}] , the low barrier to rotation of the half-sandwich metal fragments and the arylene bridge around the acetylene moieties results in population of many energy minima across the conformational energy landscape. Since orbital overlap is also sensitive to the particular mutual orientations of the metal fragment(s) and arylene bridge through a Karplus-like relationship, the different members of the population range exemplify electronic structures ranging from strongly localized (weakly coupled Robin-Day Class II) to completely delocalized (Robin-Day Class III).

Exposure to family and domestic violence is associated with lower attendance and higher suspension in school children.

Background: Exposure to family and domestic violence (FDV) in childhood can have a detrimental effect on children's health and social outcomes. However, research on the school outcomes of children exposed to FDV is scant.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of FDV exposure on school attendance and suspension in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children.

Vortex fluidic induced mass transfer across immiscible phases.

Mixing immiscible liquids typically requires the use of auxiliary substances including phase transfer catalysts, microgels, surfactants, complex polymers and nano-particles and/or micromixers. Centrifugally separated immiscible liquids of different densities in a 45° tilted rotating tube offer scope for avoiding their use. Micron to submicron size topological flow regimes in the thin films induce high inter-phase mass transfer depending on the nature of the two liquids.

Design, scope and mechanism of highly active and selective chiral NHC-iridium catalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination of a variety of unactivated aminoalkenes.

Chiral, cationic NHC-iridium complexes are introduced as catalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination reaction of unactivated aminoalkenes. The catalysts show high activity in the construction of a range of 5- and 6-membered N-heterocycles, which are accessed in excellent optical purity, with various functional groups being tolerated with this system. A major deactivation pathway is presented and eliminated by using alternative reaction conditions.

Pressure-and temperature induced phase transitions, piezochromism, NLC behaviour and pressure controlled Jahn-Teller switching in a Cu-based framework.

single-crystal diffraction and spectroscopic techniques have been used to study a previously unreported Cu-framework bis[1-(4-pyridyl)butane-1,3-dione]copper(ii) (CuPyr-I). CuPyr-I was found to exhibit high-pressure and low-temperature phase transitions, piezochromism, negative linear compressibility, and a pressure induced Jahn-Teller switch, where the switching pressure was hydrostatic media dependent.

Health in Men Study: is frailty a predictor of medication-related hospitalization?

Background: Older adults are at high risk of medication-related hospitalizations. Frailty is a phenotype commonly observed in older people due to declining physiological functions.

Aim: To examine the association of frailty with medication-related hospitalization among community dwelling older men.

Maintenance of sexual activity following androgen deprivation in males.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for men with systemic prostate cancer. However, ADT leads to sexual dysfunction, causing >80 % of couples to cease sexual activity completely. Here, we use a biopsychosocial framework to review factors that may influence the ability of patients on ADT to remain sexually active.

Tracking Neoantigens by Personalized Circulating Tumor DNA Sequencing during Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

The evolutionary dynamics of tumor-associated neoantigens carry information about drug sensitivity and resistance to the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, the spectrum of somatic mutations is highly heterogeneous among patients, making it difficult to track neoantigens by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing using "one size fits all" commercial gene panels. Thus, individually customized panels (ICPs) are needed to track neoantigen evolution comprehensively during ICB treatment.

Management adaptation of invertebrate fisheries to an extreme marine heat wave event at a global warming hot spot.

An extreme marine heat wave which affected 2000 km of the midwest coast of Australia occurred in the 2010/11 austral summer, with sea-surface temperature (SST) anomalies of 2-5°C above normal climatology. The heat wave was influenced by a strong Leeuwin Current during an extreme event at a global warming hot spot in the Indian Ocean. This event had a significant effect on the marine ecosystem with changes to seagrass/algae and coral habitats, as well as fish kills and southern extension of the range of some tropical species.

Shifts in symbiotic associations in plants capable of forming multiple root symbioses across a long-term soil chronosequence.

Changes in soil nutrient availability during long-term ecosystem development influence the relative abundances of plant species with different nutrient-acquisition strategies. These changes in strategies are observed at the community level, but whether they also occur within individual species remains unknown. Plant species forming multiple root symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, and nitrogen-(N) fixing microorganisms provide valuable model systems to examine edaphic controls on symbioses related to nutrient acquisition, while simultaneously controlling for plant host identity.

Linking stream ecology with morphological variability in a native freshwater fish from semi-arid Australia.

Environmental variation is a potent force affecting phenotypic expression. While freshwater fishes have provided a compelling example of the link between the environment and phenotypic diversity, few studies have been conducted with arid-zone fishes, particularly those that occur in geographically isolated regions where species typically inhabit intermittent and ephemeral creeks. We investigated morphological variation of a freshwater fish (the western rainbowfish, Melanotaenia australis) inhabiting creeks in the Pilbara region of northwest Australia to determine whether body shape variation correlated with local environmental characteristics, including water velocity, habitat complexity, predator presence, and food availability.

Pseudoexon activation increases phenotype severity in a Becker muscular dystrophy patient.

We report a dystrophinopathy patient with an in-frame deletion of DMD exons 45-47, and therefore a genetic diagnosis of Becker muscular dystrophy, who presented with a more severe than expected phenotype. Analysis of the patient DMD mRNA revealed an 82 bp pseudoexon, derived from intron 44, that disrupts the reading frame and is expected to yield a nonfunctional dystrophin. Since the sequence of the pseudoexon and canonical splice sites does not differ from the reference sequence, we concluded that the genomic rearrangement promoted recognition of the pseudoexon, causing a severe dystrophic phenotype.

Divergence in genital morphology may contribute to mechanical reproductive isolation in a millipede.

Genitalia appear to evolve rapidly and divergently in taxa with internal fertilization. The current consensus is that intense directional sexual selection drives the rapid evolution of genitalia. Recent research on the millipede Antichiropus variabilis suggests that the male genitalia are currently experiencing stabilizing selection - a pattern of selection expected for lock-and-key structures that enforce mate recognition and reproductive isolation.

SUBA: the Arabidopsis Subcellular Database.

Knowledge of protein localisation contributes towards our understanding of protein function and of biological inter-relationships. A variety of experimental methods are currently being used to produce localisation data that need to be made accessible in an integrated manner. Chimeric fluorescent fusion proteins have been used to define subcellular localisations with at least 1100 related experiments completed in Arabidopsis.

Susceptibility of pseudomonads to Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and components.

Objectives: Thirty isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 15 isolates of Pseudomonas putida and 11 isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested for susceptibility to tea tree oil (TTO), the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia, and the components terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, cineole, gamma-terpinene and rho-cymene.

Methods: MICs were determined by broth microdilution in Mueller-Hinton medium supplemented with 0.002% (v/v) Tween 80.

Body mass index in relation to ovarian cancer survival.

Evidence for an association between indicators of adiposity and survival after ovarian cancer has been inconsistent. A prospective cohort study was conducted in China to examine the relationship between ovarian cancer survival and body mass index (BMI). From the 214 patients recruited in 1999 to 2000 with histopathologically confirmed invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, 207 patients or their close relatives (96.