Experiences of nursing staff in Swiss-German nursing homes in with constipation management: A qualitative-descriptive study.

Despite existing guidelines for constipation management, constipation remains a prevalent issue among older individuals in long-term care facilities. The aim of this qualitative study was to provide an overview of nursing constipation management and the associated challenges in Swiss-German nursing homes. From September to December 2022, 51 nursing staff from 20 nursing homes were surveyed online, using literature-based open questions.

Is there an association between birth characteristics and fractures in young adults? The HUNT Study, Norway.

Unlabelled: This population study investigated the association between birth characteristics and fracture risk in 11,099 young adults (aged 19-54 years). Our findings indicate that birth weight, gestational age, and birth weight for gestational age were not associated with fractures in the wrist, humerus, hip, and spine in this population.

Purpose: Skeletal development starts during fetal life, and it is estimated that most bone formation occurs in the 3rd trimester.

Child and Family Characteristics Associated with Symptoms of Anxiety in Autistic Children: A Biobank Study.

Purpose: Autistic children have an increased likelihood of anxiety, but more research is needed on the characteristics that predict various types of anxiety in this population.

Methods: In this study, we examined a range of child and family predictors of various types of anxiety using a sample of 452 autistic children from the Australian Autism Biobank. We used logistic regression to examine child and family predictors of four common types of anxiety in autistic children: generalised, phobic, separation, and social anxiety.

Recent Advances in the Development of Mincle-Targeting Vaccine Adjuvants.

The Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR), which has shown much promise as a molecular target for the development of T1/T17-skewing vaccine adjuvants. In 2009, the first non-proteinaceous Mincle ligands, trehalose dimycolate (TDM) and trehalose dibehenate (TDB), were identified. This prompted a search for other Mincle agonists and the exploration of Mincle agonists as vaccine adjuvants for both preventative and therapeutic (anti-cancer) vaccines.

Reclaiming Indigenous systems of healing: experiences of disabled Māori of Māori-centric health service responses in Aotearoa New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The impact of the pandemic on Indigenous and disabled people's access to healthcare has resulted in significant disruptions and has exacerbated longstanding inequitable healthcare service delivery. Research within Aotearoa New Zealand has demonstrated that there has been success in the provision of healthcare by Māori for their community; however, the experiences of tāngata whaikaha Māori, disabled Māori, have yet to be considered by researchers.

Methods: Underpinned by an empowerment theory and Kaupapa Māori methodology, this research explores the lived realities of tāngata whaikaha Māori or their primary caregivers.

Reduced expression of the serotonin transporter impacts mitochondria in a sexually dimorphic manner.

Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are complex conditions that arise from a variety of interacting genetic and environmental factors. Among these factors, altered serotonergic signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction are strongly implicated, with a growing body of evidence to suggesting that serotonergic signalling is an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. The serotonin transporter (SERT) functions to regulate synaptic 5-HT, and human allelic variants of the serotonin reuptake transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) are associated with reduced SERT expression and increased susceptibility for developing neuropsychiatric disorders.

Four-electron reduction of benzene by a samarium(II)-alkyl without the addition of external reducing agents.

Benzene reduction by molecular complexes remains an important synthetic challenge, requiring harsh reaction conditions involving group I metals. Reductions of benzene, to date, typically result in a loss of aromaticity, although the benzene tetra-anion, a 10π-electron system, has been calculated to be stable and aromatic. Due to the lack of sufficiently potent reductants, four-electron reduction of benzene usually requires the use of group I metals.

Embedding LGBTQIA+ health equity in midwifery education: A holistic whole-of-programme approach.

Skilled midwifery care for LGBTQIA+ people is a human right, however LGBTQIA+ people have been under-served in perinatal care by the privileging of cisgender heterosexual endosex women as recipients of care. The education of midwives and other professionals to provide LGBTQIA+ inclusive care is a critical component of wider strategies to address LGBTQIA+ discrimination in perinatal care. This paper responds to this challenge by discussing an innovative and holistic approach to introducing and embedding LGBTQIA+ health equity into one midwifery education programme in Aotearoa New Zealand.

The Association between Social Support and Musculoskeletal Health in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.

Previous studies suggest social support is associated with musculoskeletal health in later life. We explored this relationship further in community-dwelling older adults, by considering associations between different aspects of social support and musculoskeletal health in community-dwelling adults. Participants from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study reported level of confiding/emotional, practical, and negative support using the Close Persons Questionnaire.

Radiocarbon monoxide indicates increasing atmospheric oxidizing capacity.

Hydroxyl (OH) is the atmosphere's main oxidant removing most pollutants including methane. Its short lifetime prevents large-scale direct observational quantification. Abundances inferred using anthropogenic trace gas measurements and models yield conflicting trend estimates.

Temporal dynamics of activation and suppression in a spatial Stroop task: A distribution analysis on gaze and arrow targets.

Directional judgments of an arrow became slower when the direction and location were incongruent in a spatial Stroop task (i.e., a standard congruency effect).

Humanising processes after harm part 2: compounded harm experienced by patients and their families after safety incidents.

Background: Healthcare organisations risk harming patients and their families twofold. First, through the physical, emotional and/or financial harm caused by safety incidents themselves, and second, through the organisational response to incidents. The former is well-researched and targeted by interventions.

A Functional Response in Resource Selection Links Multiscale Responses of a Large Carnivore to Human Mortality Risk.

Theory suggests that animals make hierarchical, multiscale resource selection decisions to address the hierarchy of factors limiting their fitness. Ecologists have developed tools to link population-level resource selection across scales; yet, theoretical expectations about the relationship between coarse- and fine-scale selection decisions at the individual level remain elusive despite their importance to fitness. With GPS-telemetry data collected across California, USA, we evaluated resource selection of mountain lions (Puma concolor; n = 244) relative to spatial variation in human-caused mortality risk.

Irregularly regulated collecting markets: antiquities, fossils, and wildlife.

This paper examines the dynamics of 'irregularly regulated markets', specifically those dealing with what we term 'criminogenic collectables': antiquities, fossils, and wildlife. Through the lens of 'irregular regulation' we consider how inconsistencies and loopholes in legal frameworks contribute to criminal activities in these markets. We outline five ways that such markets can be considered irregular: socially, jurisdictionally, temporally, culturally and discursively.

Heterologous Expression of Secreted Proteins from Phytophthora in Pichia pastoris Followed by Protein Purification by Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity (IMAC).

This chapter describes the protocol for heterologous expression of Phytophthora proteins in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Two methods to prepare the constructs for expression are described, using two different strains of P. pastoris, as well as methods for protein expression and purification by immobilized metal ion affinity (IMAC).

A Method for the Separation of Phytophthora Oosporesfrom Soil for DNA-Based Detection.

Here, we present a protocol for the isolation and detection of Phytophthora oospores directly from soil samples. Our method incorporates a novel technique for isolating Phytophthora oospores using filter pouches and an improved DNA extraction procedure specifically designed for oospores. While we have primarily developed this protocol for detecting P.

Rapid and Robust Monitoring of Phytophthora Infectivity Through Detached Leaf Assays with Automated Image Analysis.

The detached leaf assay is a valuable method for studying plant-pathogen interactions, enabling the assessment of pathogenicity, plant resistance, and treatment effects. In this protocol, we outline how to set up a Phytophthora detached leaf assay and use non-expert machine learning tools to increase the reliability and throughput of the image analysis. Utilizing ilastik for pixel classification and Python scripts for segmentation, manual correction, and temporal linking, the pipeline provides objective and quantitative data over time.

Arbitrary Optics for Gaussian Splatting Using Space Warping.

Due to recent advances in 3D reconstruction from RGB images, it is now possible to create photorealistic representations of real-world scenes that only require minutes to be reconstructed and can be rendered in real time. In particular, 3D Gaussian splatting shows promising results, outperforming preceding reconstruction methods while simultaneously reducing the overall computational requirements. The main success of 3D Gaussian splatting relies on the efficient use of a differentiable rasterizer to render the Gaussian scene representation.

Ethics, One Health approaches, and SDGs: conference lessons for an emerging field.

One Health ethics is an emerging field that has gained traction since its origin in approximately 2015. This article builds upon the insights shared during a panel discussion on at the 28th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Society Conference. The conference, themed aimed to advance and expand recent knowledge in the field.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: a half-century historical perspective.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has evolved significantly over fifty years into a powerful analytical technique. This review aims to achieve five main goals. (1) Providing a comprehensive history of SERS's discovery, its experimental and theoretical foundations, its connections to advances in nanoscience and plasmonics, and highlighting collective contributions of key pioneers.

Natural and Semisynthetic Immunomodulatory Luakuliide Labdane Diterpenoids.

Spectroscopy-guided isolation of extracts of the Tongan marine sponge cf. (Lamarck, 1814) has resulted in the reisolation of the labdane diterpenoid luakuliide A () and one new congener, luakulialactam A (). In addition to establishing the absolute configuration of , synthetic modifications to the luakuliide framework at key positions has created a set of six derivatives (-) which were used to interrogate a structure-activity relationship relating to the immunomodulatory effects of luakuliide A.

Rethinking Biomedical Titanium Alloy Design: A Review of Challenges from Biological and Manufacturing Perspectives.

Current biomedical titanium alloys have been repurposed from other industries, which has contributed to several biologically driven implant failure mechanisms. This review highlights the added value that may be gained by building an appreciation of implant biological responses at the onset of alloy design. Specifically, the fundamental mechanisms associated with immune response, angiogenesis, osseointegration and the potential threat of infection are discussed, including how elemental selection can modulate these pivotal systems.

Practice pharmacists in the primary healthcare team in Aotearoa New Zealand: a national survey.

Introduction The integration of pharmacists into general practice settings is increasingly common internationally. Within Aotearoa New Zealand, the role has evolved variably in different regions. Recent health policy and professional guidance support further development.

Struggling to afford medicines: a qualitative exploration of the experiences of participants in the FreeMeds study.

Introduction Existing research has established that some people struggle with prescription charges. This paper reports on the experiences of a sub-sample of people who participated in the FreeMeds study (a randomised controlled trial of prescription charges) about their problems paying for medicines. Aim The aim of this study was to explore participants' previous experiences with paying for medicines, and the impact of receiving free medicines through the Free Meds study.