Dynamic structural evolution of MgO-supported palladium catalysts: from metal to metal oxide nanoparticles to surface then subsurface atomically dispersed cations.

Supported noble metal catalysts, ubiquitous in chemical technology, often undergo dynamic transformations between reduced and oxidized states-which influence the metal nuclearities, oxidation states, and catalytic properties. In this investigation, we report the results of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and other physical characterization techniques, bolstered by density functional theory, to elucidate the structural transformations of a set of MgO-supported palladium catalysts under oxidative treatment conditions. As the calcination temperature increased, the as-synthesized supported metallic palladium nanoparticles underwent oxidation to form palladium oxides (at approximately 400 °C), which, at approximately 500 °C, were oxidatively fragmented to form mixtures of atomically dispersed palladium cations.

Best Practices for Point of Care Ultrasound: An Interdisciplinary Expert Consensus.

Despite the growing use of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) in contemporary medical practice and the existence of clinical guidelines addressing its specific applications, there remains a lack of standardization and agreement on optimal practices for several areas of POCUS use. The Society of Point of Care Ultrasound (SPOCUS) formed a working group in 2022 to establish a set of recommended best practices for POCUS, applicable to clinicians regardless of their training, specialty, resource setting, or scope of practice. Using a three-round modified Delphi process, a multi-disciplinary panel of 22 POCUS experts based in the United States reached consensus on 57 statements in domains including: (1) The definition and clinical role of POCUS; (2) Training pathways; (3) Credentialing; (4) Cleaning and maintenance of POCUS devices; (5) Consent and education; (6) Security, storage, and sharing of POCUS studies; (7) Uploading, archiving, and reviewing POCUS studies; and (8) Documenting POCUS studies.

Community-Partnered Research appraisal tool for conducting, reporting and assessing community-based research.

The aim of this study was to develop an appraisal tool to support and promote clear, accurate and transparent standards and consistency when conducting, reporting and assessing community-based research. Current recommendations for developing reporting guidelines was used with three key differences: (1) an analysis of existing guides, principles and published literature about community engagement, involvement and participation in research using situational and relational maps; (2) feedback and pilot-testing by a community-based research team; and (3) testing the utility and usability of the appraisal tool. After a series of iterative revisions, the resulting Community-Partnered Research (CPR) appraisal tool emerged into three products: an elaborate prospective format, a basic retrospective format, and a supplemental checklist format.

A fearful scourge to the penguin colonies: Southern giant petrel () predation on living Magellanic penguins () may be more common than assumed.

Southern giant petrels () are important consumers that range across the oceans throughout the southern hemisphere. In Argentina, previous studies have shown they eat primarily pinnipeds and penguins, which they are assumed to scavenge, although there are occasional anecdotes of them attacking living penguins. Here we describe a predation attempt by a trio of southern giant petrels on a molting adult Magellanic penguin () at the large colony at Punta Tombo, Argentina.

HIV preexposure prophylaxis in adolescents and young adults: an update.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides an update of evidence for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), including efficacy and safety of newly available medications. It discusses barriers to care that are unique to adolescents and young adults as well as interventions that may help increase uptake, adherence, and retention in care.

Recent Findings: Tenofovir alafenamide-emtricitabine and cabotegravir are both newly approved medications for the prevention of HIV and are well tolerated and effective for adolescents.

Exposure to Smoke From Wildfire, Prescribed, and Agricultural Burns Among At-Risk Populations Across Washington, Oregon, and California.

Wildfires, prescribed burns, and agricultural burns all impact ambient air quality across the Western U.S.; however, little is known about how communities across the region are differentially exposed to smoke from each of these fire types.

Monoclonal antibodies derived from B cells in subjects with cystic fibrosis reduce burden in mice.

(PA) is an opportunistic, frequently multidrug-resistant pathogen that can cause severe infections in hospitalized patients. Antibodies against the PA virulence factor, PcrV, protect from death and disease in a variety of animal models. However, clinical trials of PcrV-binding antibody-based products have thus far failed to demonstrate benefit.

Collaborative implementation of an evidence-based package of integrated primary mental healthcare using quality improvement within a learning health systems approach: Lessons from the Mental health INTegration programme in South Africa.

Introduction: The treatment gap for mental health disorders persists in low- and middle-income countries despite overwhelming evidence of the efficacy of task-sharing mental health interventions. Key barriers in the uptake of these innovations include the absence of policy to support implementation and diverting of staff from usual routines in health systems that are already overstretched. South Africa enjoys a conducive policy environment; however, strategies for operationalizing the policy ideals are lacking.

Virtual Reality Simulation in Pediatric Resuscitation for Pre-hospital Providers.

This technical report explored the feasibility and utility of virtual reality (VR) pediatric resuscitation simulations for pre-hospital providers during their scheduled shifts. To our knowledge, neither the pediatric resuscitation VR simulation nor the feasibility of in situ, on-shift training with VR had been previously evaluated in pre-hospital providers. VR headset was available at an urban city fire station for 10 days where a total of 60 pre-hospital providers were scheduled to work.

CRISPR-Cas tools for simultaneous transcription & translation control in bacteria.

Robust control over gene translation at arbitrary mRNA targets is an outstanding challenge in microbial synthetic biology. The development of tools that can regulate translation will greatly expand our ability to precisely control genes across the genome. In Escherichia coli, most genes are contained in multi-gene operons, which are subject to polar effects where targeting one gene for repression leads to silencing of other genes in the same operon.

Developing an educational "hub": impact of a distance-learning curriculum in a multinational cohort.

Purpose: To address a gap in radiation oncology education in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), we sought to evaluate the effectiveness and generalizability of a refined curriculum on intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) offered to existing radiation therapy (RT) clinics across Africa and Latin America (LATAM) at no cost.

Methods: A curriculum was created based on prior needs assessments and adapted for participating medical physicists, radiation oncologists, radiation therapists, and trainees in LMICs. English-speaking and Spanish-speaking teams of volunteer educators delivered 27 hour-long sessions 1-2 times weekly for 4 months using video conferencing to African and LATAM cohorts, respectively.

Measuring interpersonal firearm violence: natural language processing methods to address limitations in criminal charge data.

Objective: Firearm violence constitutes a public health crisis in the United States, but comprehensive data infrastructure is lacking to study this problem. To address this challenge, we used natural language processing (NLP) to classify court record documents from alleged violent crimes as firearm-related or non-firearm-related.

Materials And Methods: We accessed and digitized court records from the state of Washington (n = 1472).

SARS-CoV-2 infection by trimester of pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: a Mexican retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Conflicting evidence for the association between COVID-19 and adverse perinatal outcomes exists. This study examined the associations between maternal COVID-19 during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes including preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational age (SGA), large-for-gestational age (LGA) and fetal death; as well as whether the associations differ by trimester of infection.

Design And Setting: The study used a retrospective Mexican birth cohort from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico, between January 2020 and November 2021.

Bridging HCI and Implementation Science for Innovation Adoption and Public Health Impact.

Human computer interaction (HCI) and implementation science (IS) each have been applied to improve the adoption and delivery of innovative health interventions, and the two fields have complementary goals, foci, and methods. While the IS community increasingly draws on methods from HCI, there are many unrealized opportunities for HCI to draw from IS and to catalyze bidirectional collaborations. This workshop will explore similarities and differences between fields, with a goal of articulating a research agenda at their intersection.

One Size Does Not Fit All: Idiographic Computational Models Reveal Individual Differences in Learning and Meta-Learning Strategies.

Complex skill learning depends on the joint contribution of multiple interacting systems: working memory (WM), declarative long-term memory (LTM) and reinforcement learning (RL). The present study aims to understand individual differences in the relative contributions of these systems during learning. We built four idiographic, ACT-R models of performance on the stimulus-response learning, Reinforcement Learning Working Memory task.

Spatial Heterogeneity of the Respiratory Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke PM in California.

Wildfire smoke fine particles (PM) are a growing public health threat as wildfire events become more common and intense under climate change, especially in the Western United States. Studies assessing the association between wildfire PM exposure and health typically summarize the effects over the study area. However, health responses to wildfire PM may vary spatially.

Roadmap for Optical Metasurfaces.

Metasurfaces have recently risen to prominence in optical research, providing unique functionalities that can be used for imaging, beam forming, holography, polarimetry, and many more, while keeping device dimensions small. Despite the fact that a vast range of basic metasurface designs has already been thoroughly studied in the literature, the number of metasurface-related papers is still growing at a rapid pace, as metasurface research is now spreading to adjacent fields, including computational imaging, augmented and virtual reality, automotive, display, biosensing, nonlinear, quantum and topological optics, optical computing, and more. At the same time, the ability of metasurfaces to perform optical functions in much more compact optical systems has triggered strong and constantly growing interest from various industries that greatly benefit from the availability of miniaturized, highly functional, and efficient optical components that can be integrated in optoelectronic systems at low cost.

Addressing Disparities in Acute Stroke Management and Prognosis.

There are now abundant data demonstrating disparities in acute stroke management and prognosis; however, interventions to reduce these disparities remain limited. This special report aims to provide a critical review of the current landscape of disparities in acute stroke care and highlight opportunities to use implementation science to reduce disparities throughout the early care continuum. In the prehospital setting, stroke symptom recognition campaigns that have been successful in reducing prehospital delays used a multilevel approach to education, including mass media, culturally tailored community education, and professional education.