Assessing Gender Diversity in American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Fellowship Leadership: A 2013 to 2022 Trend Analysis.

Background: While there has been improved gender representation in dermatology, there remains areas for improvement, especially in leadership positions. Studies have evaluated diversity in various dermatology subspecialties, but evaluation of gender diversity in cosmetic dermatology is lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the temporal trends in gender diversity within the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS) Cosmetic Dermatologic Surgery Fellowship Programs from 2013 to 2022.

Reconstructing the Tropical Pacific Upper Ocean Using Online Data Assimilation With a Deep Learning Model.

A deep learning (DL) model, based on a transformer architecture, is trained on a climate-model data set and compared with a standard linear inverse model (LIM) in the tropical Pacific. We show that the DL model produces more accurate forecasts compared to the LIM when tested on a reanalysis data set. We then assess the ability of an ensemble Kalman filter to reconstruct the monthly averaged upper ocean from a noisy set of 24 sea-surface temperature observations designed to mimic existing coral proxy measurements, and compare results for the DL model and LIM.

A Simple Model for the Evaporation of Hydrometeors and Their Isotopes.

Cloud condensation and hydrometeor evaporation fractionate stable isotopes of water, enriching liquid with heavy isotopes; whereupon updrafts, downdrafts, and rain vertically redistribute water and its isotopes in the lower troposphere. These vertical water fluxes through the marine boundary layer affect low cloud climate feedback and, combined with isotope fractionation, are hypothesized to explain the depletion of tropical precipitation at higher precipitation rates known as the "amount effect." Here, an efficient and numerically stable quasi-analytical model simulates the evaporation of raindrops and enrichment of their isotope composition.

Versatile tissue-injectable hydrogels capable of the extended hydrolytic release of bioactive protein therapeutics.

Hydrogels are extensively employed in healthcare due to their adaptable structures, high water content, and biocompatibility, with FDA-approved applications ranging from spinal cord regeneration to local therapeutic delivery. However, clinical hydrogels encounter challenges related to inconsistent therapeutic exposure, unmodifiable release windows, and difficulties in subsurface polymer insertion. Addressing these issues, we engineered injectable, biocompatible hydrogels as a local therapeutic depot, utilizing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels functionalized with bioorthogonal SPAAC handles for network polymerization and functionalization.

Are chest compression quality metrics different in children with and without congenital heart disease? A report from the pediatric resuscitation quality collaborative.

Objective: To evaluate the association of CPR quality metrics with survival outcomes in children with and without congenital heart disease experiencing in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of data from the Pediatric Resuscitation Quality (pediRES-Q) Collaborative.

Setting: 28 participating sites.

Methods for Quantifying Source-Specific Air Pollution Exposure to Serve Epidemiology, Risk Assessment, and Environmental Justice.

Identifying sources of air pollution exposure is crucial for addressing their health impacts and associated inequities. Researchers have developed modeling approaches to resolve source-specific exposure for application in exposure assessments, epidemiology, risk assessments, and environmental justice. We explore six source-specific air pollution exposure assessment approaches: Photochemical Grid Models (PGMs), Data-Driven Statistical Models, Dispersion Models, Reduced Complexity chemical transport Models (RCMs), Receptor Models, and Proximity Exposure Estimation Models.

Trends in Timely Access to High-Quality and Affordable Surgical Care in the United States.

Objective: To quantify recent trends in access to timely, high-quality, affordable surgical care in the US.

Background: Insufficient access to surgical care remains an ongoing concern in the US. Previous attempts to understand and quantify barriers in access to surgical care in the US lack a comprehensive, policy-relevant lens.

A call for globally responsive screening materials to account for heterogeneity in dementia syndromes.

Effective screening for communicative ability in dementia is vital to drive theoretical understanding and optimize care responsiveness globally. Communication is central to the human experience; however, routine clinical screening for progressive communication change remains limited due to a variety of resource constraints. Other challenges include the subtlety of early communication-led symptoms, heterogeneous underlying pathologies, and a lack of culturally diverse research and tools.

Intradermal Delivery of Cell Vaccine via Ice Microneedles for Cancer Treatment.

The living tumor cell vaccine (TCV) holds a promise for cancer immunotherapy. Microneedle arrays provide a tool to improve the immune response of vaccines by the intradermal administration in a painless manner. However, it remains challenges for microneedle arrays to deliver the living TCV intradermally.

Leveraging ordered voids in microporous perovskites for intercalation and post-synthetic modification.

We report the use of porous organic layers in two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) to facilitate permanent small molecule intercalation and new post-synthetic modifications. While HOIPs are well-studied for a variety of optoelectronic applications, the ability to manipulate their structure after synthesis is another handle for control of physical properties and could even enable use in future applications. If designed properly, a porous interlayer could facilitate these post-synthetic transformations.

The Implications of Atlantic Salmon ( L.) Fatty Acid Profiles for Their Thiamine Status.

Thiamine deficiency is an ongoing issue across the Northern Hemisphere, causing reproductive failure in multiple salmonid populations. In the Baltic Sea, a large brackish water system in northern Europe, previous research has suggested that this deficiency is associated with lipid-rich diets with a high proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). The mechanism proposed is that a diet abundant in highly unsaturated fatty acids, such as DHA, depletes thiamine as an antioxidant defense in adult salmonids, rather than allocating thiamine to the offspring.

Next-Generation SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Formulations and Alternative Routes of Administration.

The development of SARS-CoV-2 next-generation vaccines with the potential for increased effectiveness, durability, breadth, and ability to decrease transmission are of public health importance. We highlight alternative routes of administration of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines such as mucosal and intradermal administration.

Risk of Intestinal Complications, Extraintestinal Morbidity, and Mortality in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ocular Involvement.

Purpose: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and subsequent ocular manifestations may have worse outcomes when compared to matched patients with CD without ocular disease.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, an aggregated electronic health records research network, TriNetX (Cambridge, MA, USA), was used to identify patients diagnosed with CD stratified by the presence or absence of ocular involvement with at least 1 year of follow-up. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to control for baseline demographics and medical comorbidities.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by vitamin B6-dependent inflammatory kynurenine pathway dysfunction.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex multisystem disorder clinically characterized by motor, non-motor, and premotor manifestations. Pathologically, PD involves neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, striatal dopamine deficiency, and accumulation of intracellular inclusions containing aggregates of α-synuclein. Recent studies demonstrate that PD is associated with dysregulated metabolic flux through the kynurenine pathway (KP), in which tryptophan is converted to kynurenine (KYN), and KYN is subsequently metabolized to neuroactive compounds quinolinic acid (QA) and kynurenic acid (KA).

Early Renal Outcomes Following Heart Transplantation Using Organs Procured After Circulatory Death.

Background: Transplantation using hearts obtained through donation after circulatory death (DCD) is increasing, but data on recipient renal outcomes are limited.

Methods And Results: Patients at a single institution who underwent heart transplantation using organs procured through DCD or donation after brain death (DBD) from April 2016 to August 2022 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Hemodynamic measures were collected via right heart catheterization performed 1 week after transplantation.

Metagenomic Study of the MESA: Detection of and Association With Coronary Heart Disease.

Background: Inflammation is a feature of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the role of proinflammatory microbial infection in CHD remains understudied.

Methods And Results: CHD was defined in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as myocardial infarction (251 participants), resuscitated arrest (2 participants), and CHD death (80 participants). We analyzed sequencing reads from 4421 MESA participants in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program using the PathSeq workflow of the Genome Analysis Tool Kit and a 65-gigabase microbial reference.

Digital Technology Use in US Community-Dwelling Seniors With and Without Homebound Status.

Objectives: To examine (1) the prevalence of digital technology use, including information and communication technology devices, everyday technology use, and digital health technology use among community-dwelling older adults with or without homebound status and (2) the associations of digital technology use with homebound status.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: We used the 2022 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data that included 5510 community-dwelling older adults.