Effect of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy vs Placebo on Reaction to Peanut Protein Ingestion Among Children With Peanut Allergy: The PEPITES Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: There are currently no approved treatments for peanut allergy.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and adverse events of epicutaneous immunotherapy with a peanut patch among peanut-allergic children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 31 sites in 5 countries between January 8, 2016, and August 18, 2017.

Locations of Physical Activity as Assessed by GPS in Young Adolescents.

Objectives: To compare adolescents' physical activity at home, near home, at school, near school, and at other locations.

Methods: Adolescents (N = 549) were ages 12 to 16 years (49.9% girls, 31.

Recent advances in immune modulation.

Successful gene therapy protocols rely on the hypo-responsiveness of the immune system to transgene products generated from gene transfer vectors. In order to prevent cytotoxic lymphocyte or antibody formation induced by transgene expression, various strategies derived from recent advances in immune tolerance induction protocols have been tested in gene therapy model systems. Current immunosuppressive drugs were used to nonspecifically target T-cell activation, clonal expansion, and differentiation into effector cells.

The evolution of vesicoureteral reflux management in the era of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer: a pediatric health information system database study.

Purpose: Since Food and Drug Administration approval of Deflux, injection therapy for vesicoureteral reflux has increased. Little data exist on the effect that injection therapy has had on the incidence of ureteral reimplantation and total vesicoureteral reflux procedures. We used the Pediatric Health Information System database to define practice trends for vesicoureteral reflux therapy.

Balloon angioplasty for Blalock-Taussig shunt failure in the early postoperative period.

Blalock-Taussig shunt failure is an infrequent but devastating, and often life-threatening, postoperative complication. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty (BA) of a stenotic modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (mBTS) has been successfully used in the setting of progressive shunt failure months to years after shunt creation. Only a few case reports exist where BA was used in the early postoperative period.

Prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies at risk for Joubert syndrome by ultrasound and MRI.

Objectives: To describe the prenatal imaging findings in fetuses at risk for Joubert syndrome (JS), review the literature and propose a protocol for prenatal diagnosis of JS using ultrasound and MRI.

Methods: We reviewed prenatal ultrasound and fetal MRI studies in two pregnancies at 25% recurrence risk for JS and correlated these findings with gross neuropathology in one affected fetus.

Results: While abnormalities such as occipital encephalocele or enlarged cisterna magna have been identified before mid-trimester, the definitive diagnosis of JS, based on core cerebellar findings, has only been possible after 17 weeks' gestation.

Whole-genome sequence variation among multiple isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Whole-genome shotgun sequencing was used to study the sequence variation of three Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, two from clonal infections of cystic fibrosis patients and one from an aquatic environment, relative to the genomic sequence of reference strain PAO1. The majority of the PAO1 genome is represented in these strains; however, at least three prominent islands of PAO1-specific sequence are apparent. Conversely, approximately 10% of the sequencing reads derived from each isolate fail to align with the PAO1 backbone.

The face of a child: children's oral health and dental education.

Dental care is the most common unmet health care need of children. Those at increased risk for problems with oral health and access to care are from poor or minority families, lack health insurance, or have special health care needs. These factors place more than 52 percent of children at risk for untreated oral disease.