Influence of Social Media on Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Participation in online social media Web sites (e.g., Facebook and Twitter) has skyrocketed in recent years and created a new environment in which adolescents and young adults may be exposed to and influenced by alcohol-related content.

Built environment and active play among Washington DC metropolitan children: A protocol for a cross-sectional study.

Background: Research has demonstrated that children who participate in active play are more likely to be physically active, thereby improving long-term health outcomes. Many adult studies have also shown that neighborhood built environments can encourage or discourage routine physical activity. Limited evidence has demonstrated that children who reside in neighborhoods with a built environment that is more inviting to active play exhibit lower overweight and obesity rates as well as an overall better state of well-being.

Successful hematopoietic cell transplantation in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia and acute myeloid leukemia.

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by marked reduction in all classes of serum immunoglobulins and the near absence of mature CD19(+) B-cells. Although malignancy has been observed in patients with XLA, we present the first reported case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a patient with XLA. We also demonstrate the complete correction of the XLA phenotype following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for treatment of the patient's leukemia.

A streptococcal lipid toxin induces membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis leading to fetal injury.

Group B streptococci (GBS) are Gram-positive bacteria that cause infections in utero and in newborns. We recently showed that the GBS pigment is hemolytic and increased pigment production promotes bacterial penetration of human placenta. However, mechanisms utilized by the hemolytic pigment to induce host cell lysis and the consequence on fetal injury are not known.

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid herpes simplex virus levels at diagnosis and outcome of neonatal infection.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of quantitative herpes simplex virus (HSV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) levels for prognosis and management of neonatal HSV disease.

Study Design: Clinical and virologic data were abstracted by medical record review from neonatal HSV cases treated at Seattle Children's Hospital between 1993 and 2012. HSV PCR results from plasma (n = 47), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 56), or both (n = 40) at the time of diagnosis were available from 63 infants; 26 with skin-eye-mouth (SEM), 18 with central nervous system (CNS), and 19 with disseminated (DIS) disease.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for X-Linked Thrombocytopenia With Mutations in the WAS gene.

X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) is a mild form of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) caused by mutations in the WAS gene. A recent retrospective study of the clinical outcome and molecular basis of a large cohort of XLT patients demonstrated that although overall survival is excellent, event free survival is severely affected with conservative treatment. To answer the question whether hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers a viable alternative therapeutic option in XLT, we retrospectively investigated the outcome of HSCT in a cohort of 24 XLT patients who received HSCT between 1990 and 2011 at 14 transplant centers in the United States, Italy, Germany, Canada, and Japan.

Development and validation of the Youth Acute Pain Functional Ability Questionnaire (YAPFAQ).

Unlabelled: Physical function and functional recovery are important aspects of the acute pain experience in children and adolescents in hospitalized settings. Measures of function related to pediatric acute pain do not exist currently, limiting understanding of recovery in youth undergoing acute and procedural pain. To address this gap, we developed and assessed the clinical utility and preliminary validity of the Youth Acute Pain Functional Ability Questionnaire (YAPFAQ).

Impact of San Francisco's toy ordinance on restaurants and children's food purchases, 2011-2012.

Introduction: In 2011, San Francisco passed the first citywide ordinance to improve the nutritional standards of children's meals sold at restaurants by preventing the giving away of free toys or other incentives with meals unless nutritional criteria were met. This study examined the impact of the Healthy Food Incentives Ordinance at ordinance-affected restaurants on restaurant response (eg, toy-distribution practices, change in children's menus), and the energy and nutrient content of all orders and children's-meal-only orders purchased for children aged 0 through 12 years.

Methods: Restaurant responses were examined from January 2010 through March 2012.

Evidence-based interventions in pediatric psychology: progress over the decades.

This introduction to the special issue on Evidence-Based Interventions in Pediatric Psychology provides background on the process used to develop the special issue, a summary of the key findings from the series of reviews, and discussion of the implications for evidence-based practice. Authors followed a three-phase approach to develop their systematic reviews using rigorous systematic review methodology drawn heavily from the Cochrane Collaboration. The strength of the evidence for each pediatric psychology intervention was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.

Molecular epidemiology of colonizing and disease-causing Klebsiella pneumoniae in paediatric patients.

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a range of clinical disease in paediatric patients and is of increasing concern due to growing antibiotic resistance, yet little is known about the relative distribution of commensal and pathogens throughout the population structure of K. pneumoniae. We conducted a prospective, observational study of 92 isolates from Seattle Children's Hospital, including 49 disease isolates from blood and urine (13 and 36 isolates, respectively) and 43 colonization isolates from stool.

Novel interactions between mitochondrial superoxide dismutases and the electron transport chain.

The processes that control aging remain poorly understood. We have exploited mutants in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, that compromise mitochondrial function and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to understand their relation to lifespan. We discovered unanticipated roles and interactions of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutases (mtSODs): SOD-2 and SOD-3.

A novel gain-of-function IKBA mutation underlies ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency and polyendocrinopathy.

Purpose: This study reports the identification of a novel heterozygous IKBA missense mutation (p.M37K) in a boy presenting with ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (EDA-ID) who had wild type IKBKG gene encoding NEMO. Our aim was to characterize the clinical course of this IκB-α gain-of-function mutant and to investigate if the p.

A randomized trial of the Positive Thoughts and Action program for depression among early adolescents.

This study was conducted to compare the outcomes of a group-based cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention (Positive Thoughts and Actions [PTA]) tailored to youth in middle school with a brief, individually administered supportive intervention (Individual Support Program [ISP]). A randomized, controlled trial was conducted with 120 early adolescents (72 girls, 48 boys; age = 11-15 years) who had elevated depressive symptoms and were selected from a school-based population. Measures of internalizing problems, externalizing problems, personal adjustment, school problems, and interpersonal relations were obtained from parents, youth, and/or teachers at preintervention (Time 1) and postintervention (Time 2, 5-7 months after preintervention).

Longitudinal course and impact of insomnia symptoms in adolescents with and without chronic pain.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to 1) examine trajectories of insomnia symptoms in adolescents with chronic pain compared to their healthy peers; 2) evaluate psychological and behavioral risk factors for longitudinal insomnia symptoms; and 3) evaluate insomnia as a predictor of quality of life, activity limitations, and healthcare utilization over 12 months. Participants included 61 adolescents with chronic pain and 60 youths without chronic pain (12-18 years; 72% female). Questionnaires were completed at enrollment, 6 months, and 12 months and assessed pain intensity, insomnia symptoms, sleep hygiene, presleep arousal, depression, pubertal status, activity limitations, quality of life, and healthcare utilization.

Developmental change in the ERP responses to familiar faces in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders versus typical development.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show differences in face processing abilities from early in development. To examine whether these differences reflect an atypical versus delayed developmental trajectory, neural responses to familiar and unfamiliar faces in twenty-four 18- to 47-month-old children with ASD were compared with responses of thirty-two 12- to 30-month-old typically developing children. Results of 2 experiments revealed that neural responses to faces in children with ASD resembled those observed in younger typically developing children, suggesting delayed development.

Child obesity associated with social disadvantage of children's neighborhoods.

Evidence suggests variability in adult obesity risk at a small-scale geographic area is associated with differences in neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). However, the extent to which geographic variability in child obesity is associated with neighborhood SES is unknown. The objective of this paper was to estimate risk of child obesity associated with multiple census tract SES measures and race within a large urban U.