Analysis of Repeat Hepatitis C Viremia After Sustained Virologic Response in a Large Cohort of U.S. Veterans.

Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects >1% of the U.S. population, higher among U.

Pregnancy Intendedness by Presence and Extent of Disability in the USA, 2019-2020.

Context: Over 40% of pregnancies in the United States are unintended. Women with unintended pregnancies may be less likely to receive timely prenatal care and engage in healthy behaviors immediately before and during pregnancy. Limited research suggests that women with disabilities are more likely to have an unintended pregnancy, but to date no studies have assessed whether intendedness varies by extent of disability.

Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and naproxen in the treatment of oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: bi-national cohort study.

Objectives: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and intra-articular corticosteroid injections are first-line therapy for oligoarticular JIA. NSAIDs Adverse events (AEs) include gastrointestinal ulcers/bleeding and impaired renal function.

Biophysical mapping of TREM2-ligand interactions reveals shared surfaces for engagement of multiple Alzheimer's disease ligands.

TREM2 is a signaling receptor expressed on microglia that has emerged as an important drug target for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. While a number of TREM2 ligands have been identified, little is known regarding the structural details of how they engage. To better understand this, we created a protein library of 28 different TREM2 variants that could be used to map interactions with various ligands using biolayer interferometry.

Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors.

Differences in anxiety, depression and pain experience among adults with chronic low back pain as a function of nicotine product use.

The landscape of nicotine use in the United States (US) has continued to evolve, with electronic cigarette use (hereafter e-cigarette) becoming more evident in recent years. Patterns of dual nicotine use, or using combustible nicotine in conjunction with e-cigarettes, may increase dependence on nicotine, continued exposure to toxins, and corresponding health risks. One of the most prevalent health problems related to nicotine use is the experience of chronic pain.

Water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions can reduce child antibiotic use: evidence from Bangladesh and Kenya.

Antibiotics can trigger antimicrobial resistance and microbiome alterations. Reducing pathogen exposure and undernutrition can reduce infections and antibiotic use. We assess effects of water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and nutrition interventions on caregiver-reported antibiotic use in Bangladesh and Kenya, longitudinally measured at three timepoints among birth cohorts (ages 3-28 months) in a cluster-randomized trial.

Dysregulation of Airway and Systemic Interferon Responses Promote Asthma Exacerbations in Urban Children.

Background: Determining why some upper respiratory illnesses provoke asthma exacerbations remains an unmet need.

Objective: To identify transcriptome-wide gene expression changes associated with colds that progress to exacerbation.

Methods: 208 urban children (6-17 years) with exacerbation-prone asthma were prospectively monitored for up to two cold illnesses.

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma. Part II. Staging, Surgical Management, The Role of Systemic Therapy, Shortcomings and Future Directions.

This comprehensive review navigates the clinical management and challenges of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), including staging, surgical interventions, and systemic therapies. Multimodality treatment and clinical trials are recommended for advanced cases.

High-throughput determination of exchange rates of unmodified and PTM-containing peptides using HX-MS.

Despite the widespread use of MS for hydrogen/deuterium exchange measurements, no systematic, large-scale study has been conducted to compare the observed exchange rates in protein-derived, unstructured peptides measured by MS to the predicted exchange rates calculated from NMR-derived values and how neighboring residues and post-translational modifications influence those exchange rates. In this study, we sought to test the accuracy of predicted values by performing hydrogen exchange measurements on whole cell digests to generate an unbiased dataset of 563 unique peptides derived from naturally-occurring protein sequences. A remarkable 97% of observed exchange rates of peptides are within two-fold of predicted values.

Implementation science in higher education: Identifying key determinants in the selection of evidence-based alcohol and substance prevention and treatment.

Introduction: Although there are evidence-based strategies (EBSs) for alcohol and other drug (AOD) prevention and treatment for college students, there has been little focus on evaluating AOD EBS implementation in higher education. The use of implementation strategies in higher education may help bridge the gap between research and practice and improve students' access to EBSs. However, it is important to first understand determinants of AOD EBS program implementation to support AOD EBS selection and implementation strategy selection.

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Intra-Abdominal Abscess Using 15-mm vs. 10-mm Lumen-Apposing Metal Stents: An International Case-Matched Study.

Background And Aims: Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided placement of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) has been reported yet advantage of using 15-mm LAMS over 10-mm LAMS yet to be explored.

Methods: International, retrospective, case-matched study of patients with intra-abdominal abscess who underwent EUS-guided drainage with 15-mm (case) and 10-mm (control) LAMS between 03/2019 and 09/2022.

Results: 51 patients underwent EUS-guided drainage using LAMS [15-mm 29 (57%), 10-mm 22 (43%)].

Global Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease, Liver Cancer, and Alcohol Use Disorder, 2000-2021.

Background/aims: Alcohol represents a leading burden of disease worldwide, including alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). We aim to assess the global burden of AUD, ALD, and alcohol-attributable primary liver cancer between 2000-2021.

Methods: We registered the global and regional trends of AUD, ALD, and alcohol-related liver cancer using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study, the largest and most up-to-date global epidemiology database.

Pathologic responses and clinical outcomes with neoadjuvant doublet chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, surgically-resectable p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer.

Background: The feasibility and outcomes of neoadjuvant doublet chemotherapy with cisplatin and docetaxel followed by surgical resection of residual disease (NAC + S) for patients with newly diagnosed, resectable p16 positive (+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been reported from a single institution. Here, we report pathologic responses, need for adjuvant treatment and recurrence-free survival (RFS) following this treatment from a second large academic institution.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with p16 + OPSCC receiving NAC + S and risk-adjusted adjuvant treatment between January 2017 and March 2024 was performed.

Acute and chronic cannabis vapor exposure influences basal and stress-induced release of glucocorticoids in male and female rats.

Management of stress and anxiety is often listed as the primary motivation behind cannabis use. Human research has found that chronic cannabis use is associated with increased basal cortisol levels but blunted neuroendocrine responses to stress. Preclinical research has demonstrated mixed effects of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the psychoactive constituent of cannabis), much of which is suggestive of dose-dependent effects; however, the predominance of this work has employed an injection method to deliver cannabis.

Distinct immunogenicity outcomes of DNA vaccines encoding malaria transmission-blocking vaccine target antigens Pfs230D1M and Pvs230D1.

Transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) targeting sexual-stage antigens represent a critical tool for malaria control and elimination through inhibiting parasite development within mosquitoes. P230, displayed on the surface of gametocytes and gametes, plays a crucial role in gamete fertilization and is one of the leading TBV candidates for both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax.

Development of a framework to structure decision-making in environmental and occupational health: A systematic review and Delphi study.

Background: Environmental and occupational health (EOH) assessments increasingly utilize systematic review methods and structured frameworks for evaluating evidence about the human health effects of exposures. However, there is no prevailing approach for how to integrate this evidence into decisions or recommendations. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks provide a structure to support standardized and transparent consideration of relevant criteria to inform health decisions.

What dimensions of school climate promote adaptive functioning in adolescents with ADHD? A prospective longitudinal study.

Background: The study of ADHD has predominantly focused on individual-level risk-factors, and less is known about contextual factors that promote adaptive functioning.

Aims: The present study is the first to evaluate the longitudinal association between five dimensions of school climate (academic expectations, student engagement, disciplinary structure, respect for students, willingness to seek help) and student outcomes, and whether ADHD symptom severity moderates those associations.

Methods And Procedures: Participants included 274 adolescents (45 % female) who completed assessments in 8th (T1) and 10th (T2) grades.

Impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene indicators on enteric viral pathogens among under-5 children in low resource settings.

Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are the primary risks of exposure to enteric viral infection. Our study aimed to describe the role of WASH conditions and practices as risk factors for enteric viral infections in children under 5. Literature on the risk factors associated with all-cause diarrhea masks the taxa-specific drivers of diarrhea from specific pathogens, limiting the application of relevant control strategies.

A New Way Forward for Women's Health Research at the National Institutes of Health: A Roadmap From the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Consensus Report.

Despite efforts to address inequities, research on women's health conditions (defined as those that uniquely or differently affect women and female individuals) remain significantly understudied. As directed by Congress, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research on Women's Health requested the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies) to conduct an assessment of the state of women's health research at the NIH. The findings of the National Academies committee include: 1) a significant funding inequity, with less than 8% of the total NIH grant budget for fiscal year 2023 allocated to women's health research; 2) a need for improved strategic NIH-wide priority setting, oversight, and adherence to existing policies to support women's health research; 3) a need for a specific institute for research on conditions specific to women's health; and 4) a need for sufficient training and additional funding to grow and retain the women's health research workforce.

Collaboration encourages innovation: setting new standards in wound care with the Wound Care Collaborative Community expert panel consensus Recommendations.

Background: The Wound Care Collaborative Community (WCCC) assesses shortcomings and unmet needs in wound care by partnering with key stakeholders, such as the National Institutes of Health, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), industry leaders, and expert health care providers and researchers, to advance the study of wound healing. Through this work, the WCCC has identified a few key barriers to innovation in wound care. The WCCC aims to accelerate the development of science-based, patient-centered solutions and address public policy challenges related to ensuring patients receive early access to innovative treatment options.