Association Between Food Insecurity and Inability to Obtain Provider-Recommended Medications, Multidisciplinary Services, and Technology in Youth and Young Adults With Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: We assessed if food insecurity (FI) is associated with not obtaining recommended diabetes medications, technology, and multidisciplinary services, and explored the most common reasons for not obtaining recommended treatments in youth and young adults (YYA) with diabetes.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, among 911 YYA with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 144 with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the SEARCH Food Security Cohort Study Follow-up 1 (2018-2021), FI (≥ 3 items affirmed from the 18-item Household Food Security Survey module), and inability to obtain recommended treatments were self-reported.

Results: Almost 30% of YYA with T1D and FI and 20% of YYA with T2D and FI did not obtain 1 or more recommended treatments.

Locoregional CAR T Cells for the Treatment of CNS Tumors in Children: Investigational Drug Service Pharmacy Activities.

Background: A major obstacle in translating the therapeutic potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors is the blood-brain barrier. To overcome this limitation, preclinical and clinical studies have supported the use of repeated, locoregional intracranial CAR T-cell delivery. However, there is limited literature available describing the process for the involvement of an investigational drug service (IDS) pharmacy, particularly in the setting of a children's hospital with outpatient dosing for CNS tumors.

Health Equity Considerations for Children With Type 1 Diabetes Who Utilize Insulin Cost-Sharing Cap Programs.

The cost associated with type 1 diabetes care is considerable and the rising price of insulin has further amplified this financial burden. To curb insulin costs, numerous policies have been enacted in the past five years, both by pharmaceutical companies and their intermediaries, as well as federal and state legislatures. The most notable example is implementation of insulin cost-sharing cap laws, which place limits on out-of-pocket expenses for insulin, and in some cases, diabetes technology.

The Impact of Changing From a 6+2 to a 3+1 Residency Block Schedule on Patient Access and Other Outcomes.

The "X+Y" residency scheduling model includes "X" weeks of uninterrupted inpatient or subspecialty rotations, followed by "Y" week(s) of uninterrupted outpatient rotations. The optimal ratio of X to Y is unclear. Determine the impact of moving from a 6+2 to a 3+1 schedule on patient access to care, perceived quality of care, and resident/faculty satisfaction.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Degradation and Cell Membrane Damage during Ultraviolet Advanced Oxidation Processes.

Combinations of UV with oxidants can initiate advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and enhance bacterial inactivation. However, the effectiveness and mechanisms of UV-AOPs in damaging nucleic acids (e.g.

The Need for Responsive Workforce Development During the Pandemic and Beyond: A Case Study of the Regional Public Health Training Centers.

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of a strong public health infrastructure for protecting and supporting the health of communities. This includes ensuring an adaptive workforce capable of leading through rapidly changing circumstances, communicating effectively, and applying systems thinking to leverage cross-sector partnerships that help promote health equity. The 10 Regional Public Health Training Centers (PHTCs) advance the capacity of the current and future public health workforce through skill development and technical assistance in these and other strategic areas.

A labeled data set of underwater images of fish and crab species from five mesohabitats in Puget Sound WA USA.

The sustainable management of fisheries and aquaculture requires an understanding of how these activities interact with natural fish populations. GoPro cameras were used to collect an underwater video data set on and around shellfish aquaculture farms in an estuary in the NE Pacific from June to August 2017 and June to August 2018 to better understand habitat use by the local fish and crab communities. Images extracted from these videos were labeled to produce a data set that is suitable for use in training computer vision models.

Pharmacological regulation of protein-polymer hydrogel stiffness.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes constant physiochemical change. User-programmable biomaterials afford exciting opportunities to study such dynamic processes . Herein, we introduce a protein-polymer hydrogel whose stiffness can be pharmacologically and reversibly regulated with conventional antibiotics.

Age, admission platelet count, and mortality in severe isolated traumatic brain injury: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: We asked whether patients >50 years of age with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) present with lower platelet counts and whether lower platelet counts are independently associated with mortality.

Methods: We combined trauma registry and laboratory data on a retrospective cohort of all patients ≥18 years of age admitted to our Level 1 US regional trauma center 2015-2021 with severe (Head Abbreviated Injury Score [AIS] ≥3), isolated (all other AIS <3) TBI who had a first platelet count within 1 h of arrival. Age and platelet count were assessed continuously and as groups (age 18-50 vs.

ExplaiNN: interpretable and transparent neural networks for genomics.

Deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) excel in genomic tasks but lack interpretability. We introduce ExplaiNN, which combines the expressiveness of CNNs with the interpretability of linear models. ExplaiNN can predict TF binding, chromatin accessibility, and de novo motifs, achieving performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods.

Knowledge Gaps in Anesthetic Gas Utilization in a Large Academic Hospital System: A Multicenter Survey.

Inhaled anesthetics account for a significant portion of the greenhouse gases generated by perioperative services within the healthcare systems. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify knowledge gaps and practice patterns related to carbon dioxide (CO) absorbents and intraoperative delivery of fresh gas flows (FGF) for future sustainability endeavors. Secondary aims focused on differences in these knowledge gaps based on the level of training.

Establishment of a core outcome set for burn care research: development and international consensus.

Objective: To develop a core outcome set for international burn research.

Design: Development and international consensus, from April 2017 to November 2019.

Methods: Candidate outcomes were identified from systematic reviews and stakeholder interviews.

Reversible epigenetic alterations mediate PSMA expression heterogeneity in advanced metastatic prostate cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an important cell surface target in prostate cancer. There are limited data on the heterogeneity of PSMA tissue expression in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Furthermore, the mechanisms regulating PSMA expression (encoded by the FOLH1 gene) are not well understood.

Designing and Implementing TeleBehavioral Health Training to Support Rapid and Enduring Transition to Virtual Care in the COVID Era.

As telebehavioral health continues to advance and become part of routine care, there is a need to develop effective training methods. While a consensus on how to best train telebehavioral health has not yet been achieved, this commentary will describe how evidence-based implementation strategies were used to develop a framework to create and implement a telebehavioral health training program that is relevant and enduring for a given audience. Evidence-based implementation strategies included the PARiHS criteria which were used to organize the project.

Patient Responses to the Term Pain Catastrophizing: Thematic Analysis of Cross-sectional International Data.

Pain catastrophizing is understood as a negative cognitive and emotional response to pain. Researchers, advocates and patients have reported stigmatizing effects of the term in clinical settings and the media. We conducted an international study to investigate patient perspectives on the term pain catastrophizing.

Drivers of blood use in paediatric trauma: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: We asked whether age or injury severity drives blood use patterns in paediatric trauma.

Background: Transfusion for paediatric trauma care is complicated by known developmental differences in coagulation and injury patterns.

Methods/materials: We linked 10 years of Trauma Registry and blood bank data, 2011-2020, for all acute trauma patients aged <18 treated at a large US Level 1 adult and paediatric trauma centre.

Lethal and sublethal effects of thermal stress on octocorals early life-history stages.

The frequency and severity of marine heatwaves causing mass mortality events in tropical and temperate coral species increases every year, with serious consequences on the stability and resilience of coral populations. Although recovery and persistence of coral populations after stress events is closely related to adult fitness, as well as larval survival and settlement, much remains unknown about the effects of thermal stress on early life-history stages of temperate coral species. In the present study, the reproductive phenology and the effect of increased water temperature (+4°C and +6°C above ambient, 20°C) on larval survival and settlement was evaluated for two of the most representative Mediterranean octocoral species (Eunicella singularis and Corallium rubrum).

A Population-Based Study of the Long-Term Risk of Infections Associated With Hospitalization in Childhood Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: Infections pose a significant risk during therapy for childhood cancer. However, little is known about the risk of infection in long-term survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of children and adolescents born in Washington State diagnosed with cancer before age 20 years and who survived at least 5 years after diagnosis.

Extreme Sawtooth-Sign in Motor Neuron Disease (MND) suggests Laryngeal Resistance to Forced Expiratory Airflow.

Objective: The impact of laryngeal dysfunction on airflow has not been well characterized in motor neuron disease (MND). This study aimed to detect and characterize extreme airflow oscillations informally observed during volitional cough and forced vital capacity (FVC) tasks in individuals with MND who demonstrated neurolaryngeal impairments including reduced speed and extent of vocal fold abduction compared to healthy controls during volitional cough expulsion. The extreme airflow oscillations in the MND group, when viewed as a flow-volume loop, appeared similar to the "sawtooth-sign.

Brief online implicit bias education increases bias awareness among clinical teaching faculty.

Problem And Purpose: Healthcare provider implicit bias influences the learning environment and patient care. Bias awareness is one of the key elements to be included in implicit bias education. Research on education enhancing bias awareness is limited.

Overcoming barriers in the design and implementation of clinical trials for acute kidney injury: a report from the 2020 Kidney Disease Clinical Trialists meeting.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a growing epidemic and is independently associated with increased risk of death, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular events. Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) in this domain are notoriously challenging and many clinical studies in AKI have yielded inconclusive findings. Underlying this conundrum is the inherent heterogeneity of AKI in its etiology, presentation and course.