Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates.

Importance: Incidence of distant stage prostate cancer is increasing in the United States. Research is needed to understand trends by social and geographic factors.

Objective: To examine trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in California by stage, age, race and ethnicity, and region.

Stress regulatory hormones and cancer: the contribution of epinephrine and cancer therapeutic value of beta blockers.

The word "cancer" evokes myriad emotions, ranging from fear and despair to hope and determination. Cancer is aptly defined as a complex and multifaceted group of diseases that has unapologetically led to the loss of countless lives and affected innumerable families across the globe. The battle with cancer is not only a physical battle, but also an emotional, as well as a psychological skirmish for patients and for their loved ones.

Role of Glial Cells and Receptors in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis.

The specific pathogeneses of schizophrenia (SCZ) remain an enigma despite extensive research that has implicated both genetic and environmental factors. Recent revelations that dysregulated immune system caused by glial cell overactivation result in neuroinflammation, a key player in neurodegenerative as well as neuropsychiatric disorders including SCZ are providing novel clues on potential therapeutic interventions. Here, we review the roles of glial cells (Dr.

The Johns Hopkins Hope at Hopkins Clinic: supporting the comprehensive needs of individuals with metastatic breast cancer.

Purpose: Individuals with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) may live with their disease for many years. We initiated the Johns Hopkins Hope at Hopkins Clinic to assess the needs and optimize the care of these patients.

Patients And Methods: Patients with MBC who agreed to participate in the Clinic in addition to usual care completed patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys.

Trends and Disparities in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma-related Mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020.

Purpose: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts present inside the liver parenchyma and is associated with an overall poor prognosis due to advanced disease stage at the time of diagnosis. We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database to determine ICC-related mortality patterns in the United States from 1999 till 2020.

Methods: Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) and crude mortality rates (CMR) were extracted from the CDC WONDER database.

Evaluation of Accuracy and Safety of the 365-Day Implantable Eversense Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: The ENHANCE Study.

The implanted Eversense Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) System transitioned from 90- to 180- to 365-day durations marketed today. This report summarizes the 365-day clinical study. ENHANCE was a prospective, multicenter study evaluating the accuracy and safety of the Eversense 365 CGM system through 1 year in adults with diabetes.

Photochemical Evolution of Alanine in Association with the Martian Soil Analog Montmorillonite: Insights Derived from Experiments Conducted on the International Space Station.

The (PSS) experiment was part of the European Space Agency's mission and was conducted on the International Space Station from 2014 to 2016. The PSS experiment investigated the properties of montmorillonite clay as a protective shield against degradation of organic compounds that were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in space. Additionally, we examined the potential for montmorillonite to catalyze UV-induced breakdown of the amino acid alanine and its potential to trap the resulting photochemical byproducts within its interlayers.

Operationalising a Haemophilia Gene Editing Lexicon for Practical Use.

Introduction: Gene editing therapies offer the possibility of substantial improvement in treatment and quality of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) in a landscape of dynamic therapeutic advancement. Developing a common and understandable language to discuss gene editing will be essential to ensure these treatments can be deployed in a safe and effective manner with fully informed and shared decision-making between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PWH. A lexicon explaining and clarifying key concepts is one potential tool to address these aims.

Mindful self-compassion for lung cancer (MSC-LC): Incorporating perspectives of lung cancer patients, clinicians, and researchers to create an adapted intervention to reduce lung cancer stigma.

Background: Stigma is a pervasive and distressing problem experienced frequently by lung cancer patients, and there is a lack of psychosocial interventions that target the reduction of lung cancer stigma. Mindful self-compassion (MSC) is an empirically supported intervention demonstrated to increase self-compassion and reduce feelings of shame and distress in non-cancer populations. However, there are several anticipated challenges for delivering MSC to lung cancer patients, and modifications may be needed to improve acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.

Extending Badger's rule. I. The relationship between energy and structure in hydrogen bonds.

We derive a new expression for the strength of a hydrogen bond (VHB) in terms of the elongation of the covalent bond of the donor fragment participating in the hydrogen bond (ΔrHB) and the intermolecular coordinates R (separation between the heavy atoms) and θ (deviation of the hydrogen bond from linearity). The expression includes components describing the covalent D-H bond of the hydrogen bond donor via a Morse potential, the Pauli repulsion, and electrostatic interactions between the constituent fragments using a linear expansion of their dipole moment and a quadratic expansion of their polarizability tensor. We fitted the parameters of the model using ab initio electronic structure results for six hydrogen bonded dimers, namely, NH3-NH3, H2O-H2O, HF-HF, H2O-NH3, HF-H2O, and HF-NH3, and validated its performance for extended parts of their potential energy surfaces, resulting in a mean absolute error ranging from 0.

Cross-Sectional Comparison of Structural MRI Markers of Impairment in a Diverse Cohort of Older Adults.

Neurodegeneration is presumed to be the pathological process measure most proximal to clinical symptom onset in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Structural MRI is routinely collected in research and clinical trial settings. Several quantitative MRI-based measures of atrophy have been proposed, but their low correspondence with each other has been previously documented.

Exploring the role of T cells in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases: Emerging therapeutic insights from the T Cells in the Brain symposium.

This proceedings article summarizes the inaugural "T Cells in the Brain" symposium held at Columbia University. Experts gathered to explore the role of T cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Key topics included characterization of antigen-specific immune responses, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, microbial etiology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and microglia-T cell crosstalk, with a focus on how T cells affect neuroinflammation and AD biomarkers like amyloid beta and tau.

Investigation of Genomic and Transcriptomic Risk Factors of Clopidogrel Response in African Americans.

Clopidogrel, an anti-platelet drug, is used to prevent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clopidogrel resistance results in recurring ischemic events, with African Americans (AA) suffering disproportionately. The aim of this study was to discover novel biomarkers of clopidogrel resistance in African Americans using genome and transcriptome data.

Genetic Services in Appalachia Conference Series.

This study examined the data generated as part of a seven-session webinar series that focused on genetics care provision in the medically underserved, rural Appalachian region and examined how these services have adapted to challenging practice environments. Barriers and facilitators to care in our region were considered. Data included a baseline survey of registrants, transcripts of sessions, and feedback about sessions.

Current practices by Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers to remunerate research participants.

Introduction: Recent guidance from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) recommends remuneration for all Alzheimer's disease (AD) research participants. Given AD research recruitment challenges, we assessed the remuneration practices at Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs).

Methods: We surveyed 37 ADRCs about remuneration for longitudinal research participants.

Morphologic Correlations With Homologous Recombination Deficiency in High-grade Serous Carcinomas.

High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) respond favorably to platinum therapy and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 commonly cause HRD and have been associated with Solid, pseudoEndometrioid, and Transitional-like (SET-like) histology. Mutations in other homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes as well as epigenetic changes can also result in HRD; however, morphologic correlates have not been well-explored in these cases.

A Food Pantry Nutrition Education Program RCT: Food Choices and Diet-Quality.

Purpose: Food pantries have provided nutrition education to promote healthy food choices with mixed outcomes. This study assessed the impact of Guided Stars food quality rating system to promote healthy food choices among food pantry clients.

Design: Randomized parallel-group study with balanced randomization.

Breaking down silos and echo chambers: Adolescence through an interdisciplinary lens.

Research on adolescence occurs across a variety of disciplines, including education, psychology, sociology, public health, biology, and medicine, among other fields, each with its own definition of the most pressing problems, levels of analysis, and proposed solutions. There is widespread recognition that human development occurs across levels simultaneously from molecular changes to broader cultural systems. Yet it remains challenging to integrate across levels and scholarly disciplines.

A neuropathology case report of a woman with Down syndrome who remained cognitively stable: Implications for resilience to neuropathology.

Introduction: Aging adults with Down syndrome (DS) accumulate Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, including amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, by age 40.

Methods: We present findings from an individual with DS who remained cognitively stable despite AD neuropathology. Clinical assessments, fluid biomarkers, neuroimaging, and neuropathological examinations were conducted to characterize her condition.

Hearing Loss and Discrimination: Evidence of Intersectionality in the All of Us Research Program.

Objectives: Hearing loss (HL) has significant implications on social functioning. Here, we study the relationship between HL, race, and these combined categories as risk factors for discrimination in the large national All of Us cohort.

Methods: The National Institutes of Health All of Us dataset was analyzed after including individuals who completed the Everyday Discrimination Survey between November 2021 and January 2022.

Association between change in alcohol use reported during routine healthcare screening and change in subsequent hospitalization: A retrospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: Primary care systems often screen for unhealthy alcohol use with brief self-report tools such as the 3-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for consumption (AUDIT-C). There is little research examining whether change in alcohol use measured on the AUDIT-C captures meaningful change in outcomes affected by alcohol use. This study aimed to measure the association between change in AUDIT-C and change in all-cause hospitalization risk, measured in the year after each AUDIT-C.

Medication Use Quality and Safety in Older Adults: 2023 Update.

Improving the quality of medication use and medication safety are important priorities for healthcare providers who care for older adults. The objective of this article was to identify four exemplary articles with this focus in 2023. We selected high-quality studies that advanced this field of research.

Association of rapid eye movement sleep latency with multimodal biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), but the relationship between sleep architecture, particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and AD/ADRD biomarkers remains unclear.

Methods: We enrolled 128 adults (64 with Alzheimer's disease, 41 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 23 with normal cognition [NC]), mean age 70.8 ± 9.

An Evaluation of Self-Assessed Caregiver Readiness to Foster and Adopt After Participating in the National Training and Development Curriculum.

Purpose: The self-assessment is a component of the National Training and Development Curriculum (NTDC) used by resource (i.e. foster, adoptive, and kinship) parents to understand strengths and areas of potential growth associated with successful parenting.

Intestinal Bacteroides drives glioma progression by regulating CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration.

Background: The intestinal microbiota regulates normal brain physiology and the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. While prior studies suggested that this regulation operates through immune cells, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Leveraging two well characterized murine models of low-grade glioma (LGG) occurring in the setting of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome, we sought to determine the impact of the gut microbiome on optic glioma progression.