Lived Experiences of Patients Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Kidney Dysfunction.

Importance: For patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), the presence of kidney dysfunction can substantially shape prognosis and treatment options. Yet little is known about the lived experiences of these medically vulnerable patients.

Objective: To elicit accounts of the illness and care experiences of patients currently or recently hospitalized with ADHF and kidney dysfunction in order to identify potential opportunities to improve care.

Pediatric erythromelalgia from multidisciplinary perspectives: a scoping review.

Erythromelalgia is a rare, chronic pain disorder characterized by the triad of intense burning sensation, warmth, and redness, primarily involving the hands and feet, and usually alleviated by cold and worsened by heat. The objective of this scoping review was to: 1) map the existing literature on erythromelalgia in youth, 2) identify knowledge gaps, and 3) inform directions for future research in pediatric erythromelalgia. One hundred and sixty-seven studies reporting 411 cases of childhood-onset erythromelalgia were identified.

Distinct molecular and clinical features of specific variants of KRAS codon 12 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE Oncogenic mutations in KRAS have been identified in > 85% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases. G12D, G12V, and G12R are the most frequent variants. Using large clinical and genomic databases, this study characterizes prognostic and molecular differences between KRAS variants, focusing on KRAS G12D and G12R.

The differential impacts of equivalent gating-charge mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels.

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are pivotal for cellular signaling, and mutations in Nav channels can lead to excitability disorders in cardiac, muscular, and neural tissues. A major cluster of pathological mutations localizes in the voltage-sensing domains (VSDs), resulting in either gain-of-function, loss-of-function effects, or both. However, the mechanism behind this functional diversity of mutations at equivalent positions remains elusive.

Pasteurized waste milk vs. milk replacer at the same crude protein:metabolizable energy ratio with different energy sources (fat vs. lactose) to pre-weaning Holstein calves: Effects on growth performance, feeding behavior, and health.

The improved growth performance of calves at weaning results from an effective pre-weaning feeding strategy. The type and pasteurization process of liquid feed are among the most variable feeding practices affecting calves' growth and health. In previous studies that compared waste milk (WM) vs.

Decreasing miR-433-3p activity in the osteoblast lineage blunts glucocorticoid-mediated bone loss.

Glucocorticoid excess causes bone loss due to decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption; miR-433-3p is a miRNA that negatively regulates bone formation in male mice by targeting Runx2 as well as RNAs involved in Wnt, protein kinase A and endogenous glucocorticoid signaling. To examine the impact of miR-433-3p on glucocorticoid-mediated bone loss, transgenic mice expressing a miR-433-3p tough decoy inhibitor in the osteoblast lineage were administered prednisolone via slow-release pellets. Bone loss was greater in control mice treated with prednisolone compared with miR-433-3p tough decoy mice due to higher osteoclast activity in the controls.

Cost-Effectiveness of Noninvasive Colorectal Cancer Screening in Community Clinics.

Importance: Several noninvasive tests for colorectal cancer screening are available, but their effectiveness in settings with low adherence to screening and follow-up colonoscopy is not well documented.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of and outcomes associated with noninvasive colorectal cancer screening strategies, including new blood-based tests, in a population with low adherence to screening and ongoing surveillance colonoscopy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The validated microsimulation model used for the decision analytical modeling study projected screening outcomes from 2025 to 2124 for a simulated cohort of 10 million individuals aged 50 years in 2025 and representative of a predominantly Hispanic or Latino patient population served by a Federally Qualified Health Center in Southern California.

Novel T Cell reactivities to Hybrid Insulin Peptides in Islet Autoantibody-Positive At-Risk Subjects.

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T cells. Our studies indicate that CD4 T cells reactive to Hybrid Insulin Peptides (HIPs) play a critical role in T cell-mediated beta-cell destruction. We have shown that HIPs form in human islets between fragments of the C-peptide and cleavage products of secretory granule proteins.

CooccurrenceAffinity: An R package for computing a novel metric of affinity in co-occurrence data that corrects for pervasive errors in traditional indices.

1. Analysis of co-occurrence data with traditional indices has led to many problems such as sensitivity of the indices to prevalence and the same value representing either a strong positive or strong negative association across different datasets. In our recent study (Mainali et al 2022), we revealed the source of the problems that make the traditional indices fundamentally flawed and unreliable-namely that the indices in common use have no target of estimation quantifying degree of association in the non-null case-and we further developed a novel parameter of association, alpha, with complete formulation of the null distribution for estimating the mechanism of affinity.

Recommendations for mitochondria transfer and transplantation nomenclature and characterization.

Intercellular mitochondria transfer is an evolutionarily conserved process in which one cell delivers some of their mitochondria to another cell in the absence of cell division. This process has diverse functions depending on the cell types involved and physiological or disease context. Although mitochondria transfer was first shown to provide metabolic support to acceptor cells, recent studies have revealed diverse functions of mitochondria transfer, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of mitochondria quality of the donor cell and the regulation of tissue homeostasis and remodelling.

Genome-wide association study of urinary cadmium levels in current smokers from the multiethnic cohort study.

Background: Cadmium (Cd), classified as an International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Group 1 human carcinogen, is present in cigarette smoke. Recent studies have illustrated the potential role of genetics in influencing Cd biomarker levels.

Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of urinary Cd levels in 1977 current smokers from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, comprising participants from five different racial and ethnic groups.

Development, review, and activation of thoracic oncology investigator-initiated trials.

Background: Investigator-initiated trials (IITs) may address important biological and clinical questions that may not be prioritized by pharmaceutical sponsors. However, little is known about the process by which IIT proposals are evaluated and activated.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of IIT concepts submitted through the Academic Thoracic Oncology Medical Investigators Consortium (ATOMIC), which comprises 13 institutions in the U.

Growth of Private Equity and Hospital Consolidation in Primary Care and Price Implications.

Importance: Consolidation of physician practices by hospitals and private equity (PE) firms has increased rapidly. This trend is of particular importance within primary care. Despite its significance, there is no systematic evidence on the emerging trends in ownership affiliation of primary care physicians (PCPs) and its association with prices paid for physician services.

RSK1 is an exploitable dependency in myeloproliferative neoplasms and secondary acute myeloid leukemia.

Myeloid malignancies are heterogenous disorders characterized by distinct molecular drivers but share convergence of oncogenic signaling pathways and propagation by ripe pro-inflammatory niches. Here, we establish a comprehensive transcriptional atlas across the spectrum of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) through RNA-sequencing of 158 primary samples encompassing CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and CD14+ monocytes. Supported by mass cytometry (CyTOF) profiling, we reveal aberrant networks of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and NFκB-mediated hyper-inflammation.

Phase I study of CD19 CAR T-cell therapy harboring a fully human scFv in CAR-naïve adult B-ALL patients.

CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-engineered (CD19 CAR) T-cell therapy elicits high response rates but fails to induce durable responses in most adults with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). In a previous clinical trial (NCT01865617), we observed anti-CAR immune responses associated with impaired in vivo CAR T-cell expansion after second infusions. Because these CD8+ T-cell responses were predominantly directed at peptides derived from the murine single chain variable fragment (scFv) in the CAR, we conducted a clinical trial investigating the safety and efficacy of CD19 CAR T-cells engineered with a CAR incorporating a fully human scFv (JCAR021) in adults with R/R B-ALL (NCT03103971).

Co-occurring Change in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) and Cigarette Harm Perceptions and Use in Young Adults.

Introduction: Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may contribute to cigarette use and nicotine addiction by shifting perceptions and norms around tobacco, but little is known about whether or how ENDS use and norms are related to cigarette use and norms, particularly among young adults. This study tested two potential mechanisms by which END use may facilitate cigarette use: decreasing tobacco harm perceptions (desensitization) and increasing favorability of tobacco use (renormalization).

Method: Analyses included data from 2187 young adults in a longitudinal panel who reported any ENDS or combustible cigarette use at ages 21, 23, or 26.

Australian automotive workers and community leaders interview dataset following 2017 assembly plant closures.

The Australian manufacturing sector saw the exit of the automotive industry in 2017 arising in mass retrenchment across its assembly plants and supply chain firms. In 2019, a large-scale program of research was launched to investigate the impacts of the closures on workers and community including a dedicated stream of qualitative work which took place in 2021. This work took the form of in-depth interviews that investigated the experiences of automotive workers as they underwent retrenchment, reskilling, re-employment and retirement.

Modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults differ by sex and APOE4.

Objectives: The extent to which lifestyle shapes trajectories of normal cognitive aging, and the factors with highest potential for mitigating cognitive decline, remain poorly uncharacterized.

Method: Participants of the Rancho Bernardo Study underwent demographic, health, and behavioral characterization at baseline, along with up to seven cognitive assessments over a 27-year follow-up period. Factor analysis of 24 baseline risk variables identified 9 composite factors.

Long-Term Revision-Free Survival Following Operative Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures in Young Adults.

Objectives: To identify the rate of fixation failure following femoral neck fracture (FNF) fixation in young adults within a national database.

Methods: Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: National all-payer claims database.

Artificial intelligence models using F-wave responses predict amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Nerve conduction F-wave studies contain critical information about subclinical motor dysfunction which may be used to diagnose patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, F-wave responses are highly variable in morphology, making waveform interpretation challenging. Artificial Intelligence techniques can extract time-frequency features to provide new insights into ALS diagnosis and prognosis.

Outcomes of pediatric liver retransplantation candidates in the modern era: Strategies are needed to avoid waitlist mortality in the United States.

Pediatric liver retransplantation (rLT) has historically shown poorer outcomes compared to primary liver transplantation (pLT). Comprehensive studies assessing outcomes for pediatric rLT candidates under the modern allocation policy are lacking. OPTN data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022 were obtained; exclusion criteria included candidates ≥18years of age and those listed or transplanted for multiple organs.

Electroencephalography in Clinical Practice: Neurology Professionals' Views on Optimal Standards of Care.

Purpose: Delivering optimal care to patients with seizures and epilepsy requires all EEGs to be interpreted accurately and reliably. This study investigated neurology professionals' opinions on the ideal standards for EEG in clinical care.

Methods: We developed an anonymous e-survey targeting practicing and trainee neurologists focused on participants' demographics, clinical practice characteristics, and views on optimal EEG standards of care-including whether an EEG certification test is needed and whether postresidency/fellowship training in EEG/epilepsy is necessary for neurologists who interpret outpatient/routine EEGs in practice.

Investigative genetic genealogy practices warranting policy attention: Results of a modified policy Delphi.

A technique known as investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) was first introduced to criminal investigations in 2018, and it has since been used by U.S. law enforcement to help identify hundreds of criminal perpetrators and unidentified human remains.