[Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI extensionDiretrizes para relatórios de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam inteligência artificial: a extensão CONSORT-AI].

The CONSORT 2010 statement provides minimum guidelines for reporting randomized trials. Its widespread use has been instrumental in ensuring transparency in the evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate impact on health outcomes.

[Guidelines for clinical trial protocols for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the SPIRIT-AI extensionDiretrizes para protocolos de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam inteligência artificial: a extensão SPIRIT-AI].

The SPIRIT 2013 statement aims to improve the completeness of clinical trial protocol reporting by providing evidence-based recommendations for the minimum set of items to be addressed. This guidance has been instrumental in promoting transparent evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate their impact on health outcomes.

Exploring the relationship between falls, fall-related psychological concerns, and personality traits in adults: A scoping review protocol.

Background And Aims: Personality traits, such as neuroticism and extraversion, are emerging as important predictors of falls. Despite their significance, existing fall prevention programs often overlook these traits, creating a notable research gap. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive scoping review to explore the existing literature on the relationships among personality traits, falls, and fall-related psychological concerns (FrPCs).

Heterogeneity in children's reading comprehension difficulties: A latent class approach.

Background: Poor comprehenders are traditionally identified as having below-average reading comprehension, average-range word reading, and a discrepancy between the two. While oral language tends to be low in poor comprehenders, reading is a complex trait and heterogeneity may go undetected by group-level comparisons.

Methods: We took a preregistered data-driven approach to identify poor comprehenders and examine whether multiple distinct cognitive profiles underlie their difficulties.

More frequent naps are associated with lower cognitive development in a cohort of 8-38-month-old children, during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: How often a child naps, during infancy, is believed to reflect both intrinsic factors, that is, the need of an immature brain to consolidate information soon after it is acquired, and environmental factors. Difficulty accounting for important environmental factors that interfere with a child's sleep needs (e.g.

Measurement of anisotropic volumetric resistivity in lithium ion electrodes.

Measurements of the electronic conductivity of lithium ion coatings are an important part of electrode development, particularly for thicker electrodes and in high power applications. A resistance measurement system with 46 probes has been used to characterise lithium ion electrodes, with different formulations and coat weights. The results show that the total through plane resistance is dominated by the interface resistance between the coating and the metal foil, rather than the volumetric resistivity of the coating.

Effect of temperature on the CO splitting rate in a DBD microreactor.

A novel plate-to-plate dielectric barrier discharge microreactor (micro DBD) has been demonstrated in CO splitting. In this design, the ground electrode has a cooling microchannel to maintain the electrode temperature in the 263-298 K range during plasma operation. A small gap size between the electrodes of 0.

Supramolecular peptide nanotubes as artificial enzymes for catalysing ester hydrolysis.

Peptide-based artificial enzymes are attracting significant interest because of their remarkable resemblance in both composition and structure to native enzymes. Herein, we report the construction of histidine-containing cyclic peptide-based supramolecular polymeric nanotubes to function as artificial enzymes for ester hydrolysis. The optimized catalyst shows a .

Left ventricular hypertrophy and mortality in ethnic minority groups in the UK: e-ECHOES study.

Objectives: Hypertension is the key modifiable cardiovascular risk factor but is underdiagnosed, and its scale in South Asian and African-Caribbean communities is unknown. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a measure of target organ damage in uncontrolled hypertension. The study assesses LVH prevalence in South Asian and African-Caribbean communities and its impact on mortality.

The heterogeneous herd: Drivers of close-contact variation in African buffalo and implications for pathogen invasion.

Many infectious pathogens are shared through social interactions, and examining host connectivity has offered valuable insights for understanding patterns of pathogen transmission across wildlife species. African buffalo are social ungulates and important reservoirs of directly-transmitted pathogens that impact numerous wildlife and livestock species. Here, we analyzed African buffalo social networks to quantify variation in close contacts, examined drivers of contact heterogeneity, and investigated how the observed contact patterns affect pathogen invasion likelihoods for a wild social ungulate.

Antihypertensive treatment in people of very old age with frailty: time for a paradigm shift?

The optimal management of hypertension in individuals aged 80 years or older with frailty remains uncertain due to multiple gaps in evidence. Complex health issues, polypharmacy, and limited physiological reserve make responding to antihypertensive treatments unpredictable. Patients in this age group may have limited life expectancy, so their quality of life should be prioritized when making treatment decisions.

Spectroscopic insight on impact of environment on natural photoprotectants.

Biomimicry has become a key player in researching new materials for a whole range of applications. In this study, we have taken a crude extract from the red algae containing mycosporine-like amino acids - a photoprotective family of molecules. We have applied the crude extract onto a surface to assess if photoprotection, and more broadly, light-to-heat conversion, is retained; we found it is.

Effects of surfactant head group modification on vertically oriented mesoporous silica produced by the electrochemically assisted surfactant assembly method.

Production of mesoporous silica films with vertically oriented pores has been a challenge since interest in such systems developed in the 1990s. Vertical orientation can be achieved by the electrochemically assisted surfactant assembly (EASA) method using cationic surfactants such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The synthesis of porous silicas using a series of surfactants with increasing head sizes is described, from octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to octadecyltriethylammonium bromide (CTEAB).

Structural and biochemical characterisation of Co-binding sites on serum albumins and their interplay with fatty acids.

Serum albumin-Co interactions are of clinical importance. They play a role in mediating the physiological effects associated with cobalt toxicity and are central to the albumin cobalt binding (ACB) assay for diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. To further understand these processes, a deeper understanding of albumin-Co interactions is required.

Chemoselective derivatisation and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of hydroxyl functional groups within complex bio-oils.

Bio-oils are a renewable alternative resource for the production of fine chemicals and fuels. Bio-oils are characterised by a high content of oxygenated compounds with a diverse array of different chemical functionalities. Here, we performed a chemical reaction to transform the hydroxyl group of the various components in a bio-oil prior to characterisation with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS).

Atomically well-defined nitrogen doping for cross-plane transport through graphene heterojunctions.

The nitrogen doping of graphene leads to graphene heterojunctions with a tunable bandgap, suitable for electronic, electrochemical, and sensing applications. However, the microscopic nature and charge transport properties of atomic-level nitrogen-doped graphene are still unknown, mainly due to the multiple doping sites with topological diversities. In this work, we fabricated atomically well-defined N-doped graphene heterojunctions and investigated the cross-plane transport through these heterojunctions to reveal the effects of doping on their electronic properties.

Synthesis and characterisation of novel composite sunscreens containing both avobenzone and octocrylene motifs.

Avobenzone and octocrylene are popular sunscreen active ingredients. Experiments that probe the stability of avobenzone in binary mixtures with octocrylene are presented, together with the synthesis of a class of novel composite sunscreens that were designed by covalently linking avobenzone and octocrylene groups. Spectroscopy, both steady-state and time-resolved, of the fused molecules was performed to investigate the stability of the new molecules and their potential function as ultraviolet filters.

Application of RHA1 glycolate oxidase as an efficient accessory enzyme for lignin conversion by bacterial Dyp peroxidase enzymes.

Lignin oxidation by bacterial dye-decolorizing peroxidase enzymes requires hydrogen peroxide as a co-substrate, an unstable and corrosive oxidant. We have identified a glycolate oxidase enzyme from RHA1 that can couple effectively at pH 6.5 with DyP peroxidase enzymes from sp.

On design of plasma jet reactor for non-oxidative methane conversion.

Non-oxidative methane coupling in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet reactor with an internal diameter of 3.0 mm has been studied. The jet reactor consisted of a quartz tube surrounded by a copper ring and a stainless-steel tube, which were separated by a variable distance.

PROTOCOL: Evaluating the application and effectiveness of precision teaching: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Precision Teaching is a behavior measurement system that emphasizes the development of behavioral repertoires and utilizes Standard Celeration Charts as its primary tool. This system has been applied across various areas, including mainstream and special education, and has successfully improved academic, motor, communication, and other skills. While previous systematic reviews have highlighted important aspects of Precision Teaching, a more comprehensive evaluation is needed to consider all its different applications and recent developments in conceptualizing it.

Codeveloping and Evaluating a Campaign to Reduce Dementia Misconceptions on Twitter: Machine Learning Study.

Background: Dementia misconceptions on Twitter can have detrimental or harmful effects. Machine learning (ML) models codeveloped with carers provide a method to identify these and help in evaluating awareness campaigns.

Objective: This study aimed to develop an ML model to distinguish between misconceptions and neutral tweets and to develop, deploy, and evaluate an awareness campaign to tackle dementia misconceptions.

Estimation of reproduction numbers in real time: Conceptual and statistical challenges.

The reproduction number has been a central metric of the COVID-19 pandemic response, published weekly by the UK government and regularly reported in the media. Here, we provide a formal definition and discuss the advantages and most common misconceptions around this quantity. We consider the intuition behind different formulations of , the complexities in its estimation (including the unavoidable lags involved), and its value compared to other indicators (e.

Phase III, two arm, multi-centre, open label, parallel-group randomised designed clinical investigation of the use of a personalised early warning decision support system to predict and prevent acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 'Predict & Prevent AECOPD' - study protocol.

Introduction: With 65 million cases globally, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death and imposes a heavy burden on patients' lives and healthcare resources worldwide. Around half of all patients with COPD have frequent (≥2 per year) acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Rapid readmissions are also common.