A Smartphone Resource for Just-in-Time Medical Student Teaching by Emergency Medicine Residents.

Objectives Previous studies have shown that residents play an important role in the education of medical students in the clinical setting, but the busy environment of the emergency department (ED) poses a challenge to the effective teaching of medical students by emergency medicine (EM) residents. To combat this, this study relies on just-in-time teaching, which refers to the application of teaching efforts specific to a particular moment, in this case, a clinical case or procedure. Building on studies showing that just-in-time teaching can improve education despite time constraints, as well as data showing that practitioners and trainees increasingly use apps for diagnosis and education, the objective of this project was to determine whether a free open-access medical education (FOAM) smartphone application (app) is feasible and improves the quality and frequency of resident teaching of medical students in the emergency department.

Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification in NRG Oncology Phase III Randomized Trials Using Multimodal Deep Learning With Digital Histopathology.

Purpose: Current clinical risk stratification methods for localized prostate cancer are suboptimal, leading to over- and undertreatment. Recently, machine learning approaches using digital histopathology have shown superior prognostic ability in phase III trials. This study aims to develop a clinically usable risk grouping system using multimodal artificial intelligence (MMAI) models that outperform current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk groups.

A survey of essential anatomy from the perspective of anesthesiology, emergency medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and orthopedics resident physicians.

Background: Recent changes in anatomy curricula in undergraduate medical education (UME), including pedagogical changes and reduced time, pose challenges for foundational learning. Consequently, it is important to ask clinicians what anatomical content is important for their clinical specialty, which when taken collectively, can inform curricular development.

Methods: This study surveyed 55 non-primary care residents in anesthesiology (AN; N = 6), emergency medicine (EM; N = 15), obstetrics and gynecology (OB; N = 13), and orthopedics (OR; N = 21) to assess the importance of 907 anatomical structures across all anatomical regions.

The effect of one-room CT guided brachytherapy on procedure time and cost in the treatment of cervical cancer.

Purpose: Brachytherapy is associated with improved overall survival in cervical cancer patients, but the utilization seems hindered by high costs and relatively low reimbursement, particularly in the US. A one-room brachytherapy suite with CT (ORBT) could optimize the treatment workflow. By eliminating transport and waiting times, limiting applicator movement, and providing real-time applicator placement feedback, treatment time and costs could potentially be reduced.

Intraoperative Molecular Imaging With Pafolacianine in Resection of Occult Pulmonary Malignancy in the ELUCIDATE Trial.

Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated that intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) with pafolacianine identifies occult pulmonary lesions that are not identified by preoperative computed tomography or by intraoperative inspection techniques in ∼20% of patients. This study describes occult lesion clinical data and evaluates characteristics so that surgeons can better incorporate this emerging technology into clinical decision making.

Methods: Participants (n = 100) enrolled in a phase 3 trial of IMI with pafolacianine during pulmonary resection (Enabling Lung Cancer Identification Using Folate Receptor Targeting [ELUCIDATE]; NCT04241315) were identified.

Development of a checklist for evaluation of shared decision-making in consultation for extremely preterm delivery.

Objective: Shared decision-making (SDM) between parents facing extremely preterm delivery and the medical team is recommended to develop the best course of action for neonatal care. We aimed to describe the creation and testing of a literature-based checklist to assess SDM practices for consultation with parents facing extremely preterm delivery.

Study Design: The checklist of SDM counseling behaviors was created after literature review and with expert consensus.

The Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) score at 6 hours post-resuscitation predicts mortality in hospitalized adults with severe sepsis in Mbarara, Uganda.

Sepsis is the leading cause of global death with the highest burden found in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). The Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) score is a validated resource-appropriate clinical tool to identify hospitalized patients in sSA who are at risk of in-hospital mortality. Whether a decrease in the UVA score over 6 hours of resuscitation from sepsis is associated with improved outcomes is unknown.

Quality of life after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis: an assessment from a prospective national registry.

Purpose: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is frequently used in the management of brain metastasis patients. However, there is an urgent need to evaluate post-treatment outcomes and quality of life metrics for patients undergoing SRS for brain metastases.

Methods: The NeuroPoint Alliance (NPA) SRS Quality Registry conducted prospective enrollment of patients undergoing SRS from 2017 to 2024.

Effects of Gepirone-ER on Sexual Function in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.

To describe effects of gepirone extended-release (ER), an azapirone, on sexual function in patients receiving treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Sexual function was assessed in 1,767 patients (67% women) across five Phase 3 randomized controlled clinical trials comparing gepirone-ER against placebo or active treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for treatment of MDD. All five trials assessed sexual functioning in the short term (8 weeks), with three including long-term extensions of 16, 20, or 44 weeks.

Integrating priorities at the intersection of cancer and neuroscience.

Cancer neuroscience is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that conceptualizes tumors as tissues fully integrated into the nervous system. Recognizing the complexity and challenges in this field is of fundamental importance to achieving the goal of translational impact for cancer patients. Our commentary highlights key scientific priorities, optimal training settings, and roadblocks to translating scientific findings to the clinic in this emerging field, aiming to formulate a transformative and cohesive path forward.

Development of a Refugee Health Research Agenda in North America.

The lack of a cohesive, stakeholder-informed refugee health research agenda has been a barrier to promoting, funding, and conducting health research with refugee populations in North America. A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals working in refugee health in North America (N = 93) to describe major domains within the field of refugee health research and to develop refugee health research priorities. Open-ended survey questions included: (1) What research topics specific to refugee research would you like to see in an international research agenda? (2) Please describe current and important gaps that you believe exist in refugee research and why? Overarching themes focused on the need for the development of research partnerships with refugee communities that are intentional, effective, and driven by the needs of refugee communities.

Generation and characterization of a conditional eNOS knock out mouse model for cell-specific reactivation of eNOS in gain-of-function studies.

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the vessel wall regulates blood pressure and cardiovascular hemodynamics. In this study, we generated conditional eNOS knock out (KO) mice characterized by a duplicated/inverted exon 2 flanked with two pairs of loxP regions (eNOS); a Cre-recombinase activity induces cell-specific reactivation of eNOS, as a result of a flipping of the inverted exon 2 (eNOS). This work aimed to test the efficiency of the Cre-mediated cell-specific recombination and the resulting eNOS expression/function.

The effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation on muscular power and endurance across the menstrual cycle.

Oral inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and may improve muscular power in males and females, although data in females are limited. Estrogen increases NO bioavailability and fluctuates throughout the menstrual cycle, with low levels in the early follicular (EF) phase and peaking during the late follicular (LF) phase. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of [Formula: see text] supplementation on isokinetic peak power, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force, muscular endurance, and recovery from fatigue in healthy young females during the EF and LF phases of the menstrual cycle.

The influence of sex on the effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation on muscular power and endurance.

Inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and may improve muscular power and endurance, although most studies are in males. Therefore, the present double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of [Formula: see text] supplementation on isokinetic peak power, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force, muscular endurance (time-to-task failure; TTF), and recovery from fatigue in young females ( = 12) and males ( = 14). Participants consumed ∼13 mmol [Formula: see text] [beetroot juice (BRJ)], or an identical [Formula: see text]-depleted beverage placebo (PL), for ∼3 days and 2 h before testing visits.

Impact of Pharmacologic Patent Ductus Arteriosus Treatment on Acute Respiratory and Oxygenation Metrics in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Objective:  Hypoxemia and respiratory compromise occur in very low birth weight (VLBW, <1,500 g) infants and may be associated with shunting across patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The impact of pharmacologic PDA treatment on acute hypoxemia and respiratory metrics is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether pharmacologic PDA treatment is associated with acute improvement in hypoxemia and respiratory metrics in VLBW infants.

Sudden Cardiac Death Reporting in US Patients on Dialysis: Comparison of United States Renal Data System and National Death Index Data.

Key Points: For patients with ESKD treated with hemodialysis, the causes of death reported by the United States Renal Data System and the National Death Index show substantial disagreement. In particular, the proportion of sudden cardiac death was almost two-fold higher in the United States Renal Data System (42%) compared with the National Death Index (22%).

Background: Cause-specific mortality data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) form the basis for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD), specifically sudden cardiac death (SCD), as the leading cause of death for patients on dialysis.