-induced cholesterol accumulation in infected macrophages suppresses autophagy via mTORC1 activation.

serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative bacillus that infects the host intestinal epithelium and resident macrophages. Many intracellular pathogens induce an autophagic response in host cells but have evolved mechanisms to subvert that response. Autophagy is closely linked to cellular cholesterol levels; mTORC1 senses increased cholesterol in lysosomal membranes, leading to its hyperactivity and suppression of autophagy.

The Relationship of Duffy Gene Polymorphism with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Black Individuals.

Black adults have higher incidence of all-cause mortality and worse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes when compared to other U.S. populations.

Adverse Events as a Function of Biological Sex in a Multicenter Clinical Trial of Melanoma Vaccines.

Biological females experience more autoimmune disease than males and more treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) after immune checkpoint blockade therapy. However, little is known about sex-related differences in TRAEs after cancer vaccines. : The Mel44 clinical trial (NCT00118274) enrolled 167 eligible patients with high-risk melanoma to treatment with either of two melanoma multipeptide vaccines.

Predictors of Resolution and Recurrence of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in People With HIV.

Objective: High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) with ablation of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) can prevent the development of anal cancer in people with HIV (PWH). The authors sought to characterize factors associated with successful HSIL resolution or local or metachronous recurrence.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 62 PWH who underwent HRAs from December 1, 2017, to July 1, 2022.

Leveraging international stakeholders' experiences with oral PrEP costs to accelerate implementation of the monthly dapivirine vaginal ring: A qualitative study.

Background: Costing and financing systematic implementation are recognized barriers to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention. In the absence of empiric implementation and economic data, perspectives from international stakeholders involved in developing and supporting daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) policy, and programs can provide critical insights for developing costed plans to support and accelerate the rollout of novel long-acting PrEP (LA-PrEP) methods, such as the monthly dapivirine vaginal ring (PrEP ring).

Methods: We interviewed stakeholders from purposively selected international organizations about anticipated PrEP-ring implementation costs, evidence gaps and key process steps for developing a costed rollout plan template (CRPT).

Engineering Granular Hydrogels without Interparticle Cross-Linking to Support Multicellular Organization.

Advancing three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs is central to creating models and engineered tissues that recapitulate biology. Materials that are permissive to cellular behaviors, including proliferation, morphogenesis of multicellular structures, and motility, will support the emergence of tissue structures. Granular hydrogels in which there is no interparticle cross-linking exhibit dynamic properties that may be permissive to such cellular behaviors.

Olfactory Training: Recommendation Frequency Amongst Rhinologists.

Despite the prevalence and health impact of olfactory dysfunction (OD), therapeutic options remain limited. One potential therapy is olfactory training (OT), where patients repeatedly sniff a small set of odors over several weeks with the goal of improving olfactory function. Although double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials supporting the efficacy of OT are lacking, anecdotal evidence suggests that the procedure is widely recommended to patients with anosmia or other olfactory disorders.

A Narrative Review of Key Studies in Medical Education in 2023: Applying the Current Literature to Educational Practice and Scholarship.

Pediatric clinician educators face the challenge of juggling clinical practice with teaching responsibilities. The balancing act is even more challenging when one considers the need to stay current with evidence from clinical and medical education literature. In this narrative review of 2023 medical education literature, the Academic Pediatric Association Education Committee's Top Articles team summarizes high-yield articles that possess the potential to significantly influence pediatric clinician educator teaching and practice.

Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor With Cytohistological Correlation: A Case Report.

Juxtaglomerular cell tumors (JCT) are uncommon renin-secreting tumors of the kidney with cytologic findings of JCT rarely reported. We describe a case of JCT in a 37-year-old man with uncontrolled hypertension that was cured by removal of the tumor via partial nephrectomy. Cytology material was prepared by scraping of the freshly sectioned tumor mass and stained with Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou stains.

Parenteral prostacyclin utilization in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the intermediate-risk strata: a retrospective chart review and cross-sectional survey.

Background: Current clinical guidelines support use of parenteral prostacyclin therapy for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) at intermediate risk. The objective of this study was to assess parenteral prostacyclin therapy use among patients at intermediate risk according to the Comparative, Prospective Registry of Newly Initiated Therapies for Pulmonary Hypertension (COMPERA) 2.0 four-strata risk assessment model.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction mimics: The differential diagnosis of nonacute coronary syndrome causes of ST-segment/T-wave abnormalities in the chest pain patient.

The evaluation of adult patients suspected of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) includes a focused history and examination, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and cardiac serum marker analysis. The ECG plays a pivotal role in the early diagnosis and management of STEMI. A number of ECG entities in this patient population will present with ST-segment elevation and other electrocardiographic abnormalities which can mimic STEMI.

A protocol for a randomized controlled trial of couples motivational interviewing to reduce drug use and HIV transmission risk among male couples in the US: the Couples Health Project.

Background: To reduce substance use and sexual HIV transmission risk among sexual minority men (SMM) requires the development of interventions tailored for those in relationships. In the past 5 years, there have been considerable advances in the development of motivational nterviewing (MI) with couples. The Couples Health Project (CHP) is the first multi-session risk reduction protocol built on this formative research.

Challenges and outcomes of airway surgery in a post-war low-resource setting: A case series from Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Objective: This study aims to document and analyze the challenges and outcomes of performing complex airway surgery in a low-resource, post-war setting in Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Methods: This prospective case series examines clinical data from five patients who underwent airway reconstruction surgeries and one patient who underwent total laryngectomy at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Mekelle. Data included patient demographics, airway stenosis etiology and severity, operative details, postoperative outcomes, complications, and hospital length of stay.

Multi-institutional model to predict intensive care unit length of stay after cardiac surgery.

Objective: Intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS) accounts for a large percentage of inpatient cost after cardiac surgery. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk calculator predicts total LOS but does not discriminate between ICU and non-ICU time. We sought to develop a predictive model of prolonged ICU LOS.

When ovarian mature teratoma peritonitis mimics cancer: What is the best treatment?

•Ruptured dermoids can present with chronic peritonitis which can mimic malignant disease.•Surgical washout is mainstay of treatment for chronic peritonitis with ruptured dermoids.•Corticosteroids can be considered as second line for chronic peritonitis when surgical washout alone is insufficient.