Associations Between Testing and Treatment Pathways in a Case of Pediatric Nonlesional Epilepsy: A Census Survey of NAEC Center Directors.

Objective: Epilepsy surgery is vital in managing of children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Noninvasive and invasive testing modalities allow for evaluation and treatment of children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Evidence-based algorithms for this process do not exist.

Diabetes and Driving: A Statement of the American Diabetes Association.

Many people with diabetes in the U.S. will seek or currently hold a license to drive.

Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Clinical Factors Associated with Severe Vision Loss in Patients with Neovascular Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the association between demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors and severe vision loss in patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients referred to the University of Virginia (UVA), diagnosed with NVG, and treated for NVG between January 2010 and December 2020 was performed. Patients were grouped according to vision outcomes after 1 year of treatment: mild - moderate vision loss (best corrected visual acuity [BCVA] > light perception [LP]) and severe vision loss (BCVA ≤ LP).

Renal autocrine neuropeptide FF (NPFF) signaling regulates blood pressure.

The kidney and brain play critical roles in the regulation of blood pressure. Neuropeptide FF (NPFF), originally isolated from the bovine brain, has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, the roles of NPFF and its receptors, NPFF-R1 and NPFF-R2, in the regulation of blood pressure, via the kidney, are not known.

Bilateral Vitiligo-Like Depigmentation of Choroid and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Associated with Ipilimumab-Nivolumab Therapy for Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma.

Introduction: Ipilimumab and nivolumab are checkpoint inhibitors that are known to cause a multitude of inflammatory ocular adverse events. Here we report a patient with poliosis and symptomatic depigmentation of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cutaneous melanoma.

Case Presentation: The patient presented with floaters in both eyes and concerns for intraocular metastases of metastatic cutaneous melanoma after 1 month of therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab.

Epilepsy monitoring unit practices and safety among NAEC epilepsy centers: A census survey.

Objective: An epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) is a specialized unit designed for capturing and characterizing seizures and other paroxysmal events with continuous video electroencephalography (vEEG). Nearly 260 epilepsy centers in the United States are accredited by the National Association of Epilepsy Centers (NAEC) based on adherence to specific clinical standards to improve epilepsy care, safety, and quality. This study examines EMU staffing, safety practices, and reported outcomes.

BELZUTIFAN FOR TREATMENT OF GIANT RETINAL HEMANGIOBLASTOMA WITH EXTRASCLERAL EXTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH VON HIPPEL-LINDAU SYNDROME.

Purpose: To describe the clinical response and safety profile of the novel HIF-2ɑ inhibitor belzutifan in treating a giant retinal hemangioblastoma with extrascleral extension associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.

Methods: A 71-year-old woman with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome presented with a giant retinal hemangioblastoma with extrascleral extension in her only remaining eye. She had no light perception in the right eye and intraocular pressure was 48.

The Ability of Military Critical Care Air Transport Members to Visually Estimate Percent Systolic Pressure Variation.

Introduction: Inappropriate fluid management during patient transport may lead to casualty morbidity. Percent systolic pressure variation (%SPV) is one of several technologies that perform a dynamic assessment of fluid responsiveness (FT-DYN). Trained anesthesia providers can visually estimate and use %SPV to limit the incidence of erroneous volume management decisions to 1-4%.

Clinical Applications of Machine Learning in the Management of Intraocular Cancers: A Narrative Review.

Purpose: There is great promise in use of machine learning (ML) for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various medical conditions in ophthalmology and beyond. Applications of ML for ocular neoplasms are in early development and this review synthesizes the current state of ML in ocular oncology.

Methods: We queried PubMed and Web of Science and evaluated 804 publications, excluding nonhuman studies.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Diagnosis and Management of Stroke: A Narrative Review of United States Food and Drug Administration-Approved Technologies.

Stroke is an emergency in which delays in treatment can lead to significant loss of neurological function and be fatal. Technologies that increase the speed and accuracy of stroke diagnosis or assist in post-stroke rehabilitation can improve patient outcomes. No resource exists that comprehensively assesses artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)-enabled technologies indicated for the management of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Landscape and future directions of machine learning applications in closed-loop brain stimulation.

Brain stimulation (BStim) encompasses multiple modalities (e.g., deep brain stimulation, responsive neurostimulation) that utilize electrodes implanted in deep brain structures to treat neurological disorders.

Associations between testing and treatment pathways in lesional temporal or extratemporal epilepsy: A census survey of NAEC center directors.

Objective: The evaluation to determine candidacy and treatment for epilepsy surgery in persons with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is not uniform. Many non-invasive and invasive tests are available to ascertain an appropriate treatment strategy. This study examines expert response to clinical vignettes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-positive lesional focal cortical dysplasia in both temporal and extratemporal epilepsy to identify associations in evaluations and treatment choice.

Chiari I Malformation and Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a frequent symptomatic feature of pediatric Chiari I, reported in at least 24% of patients presenting to neurosurgeons. Here the epidemiology, natural history, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of SDB in Chiari I is reviewed. Diagnosis requires polysomnography, which should be pursued in young or symptomatic patients or those with prominent imaging findings.

Peroxiredoxin-4 and Dopamine D5 Receptor Interact to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Kidney.

Reactive oxygen species are highly reactive molecules generated in different subcellular compartments. Both the dopamine D5 receptor (DR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4) play protective roles against oxidative stress. This study is aimed at investigating the interaction between PRDX4 and DR in regulating oxidative stress in the kidney.

Association Between Characteristics of National Association of Epilepsy Centers and Reported Utilization of Specific Surgical Techniques.

Background And Objective: Nearly one-third of persons with epilepsy will continue having seizures despite trialing multiple antiseizure medications. Epilepsy surgery may be beneficial in these cases, and evaluation at a comprehensive epilepsy center is recommended. Numerous palliative and potentially curative approaches exist, and types of surgery performed may be influenced by center characteristics.

Epilepsy center characteristics and geographic region influence presurgical testing in the United States.

Objective: Persons with drug-resistant epilepsy may benefit from epilepsy surgery and should undergo presurgical testing to determine potential candidacy and appropriate intervention. Institutional expertise can influence use and availability of evaluations and epilepsy surgery candidacy. This census survey study aims to examine the influence of geographic region and other center characteristics on presurgical testing for medically intractable epilepsy.

Feasibility of establishing a multi-center research database using the electronic health record: The PURSUIT network.

Background: Although multi-center research is needed in pediatric urology, collaboration is impeded by differences in physician documentation and research resources. Electronic health record (EHR) tools offer a promising avenue to overcome these barriers.

Objective: To assess the accuracy, completeness, and utilization of structured data elements across multiple practices.

Cyclic swelling enabled, electrically conductive 3D porous structures for microfluidic urinalysis devices.

Urinalysis is a simple and non-invasive approach for the diagnosis and monitoring of organ health and also is often used as a facile technique in assessment of substance abuse. However, quantitative urinalysis is predominantly limited to clinical laboratories. Here, we present an electrical sensing based, reusable, cellular microfluidic device that offers a fast urinalysis through quantitative reading of the electrical signals.

Co-evolution of machine learning and digital technologies to improve monitoring of Parkinson's disease motor symptoms.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor impairments such as tremor, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, and gait abnormalities. Current protocols assess PD symptoms during clinic visits and can be subjective. Patient diaries can help clinicians evaluate at-home symptoms, but can be incomplete or inaccurate.

Cervicothoracic Versus Proximal Thoracic Lower Instrumented Vertebra Have Comparable Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes in Adult Cervical Deformity.

Study Design: Comparative cohort study.

Objective: Factors that influence the lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) selection in adult cervical deformity (ACD) are less reported, and outcomes in the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) and proximal thoracic (PT) spine are unclear.

Methods: A prospective ACD database was analyzed using the following inclusion criteria: LIV between C7 and T5, upper instrumented vertebra at C2, and at least a 1-year follow-up.