Targeted Metabolomics and High-Throughput RNA Sequencing-Based Transcriptomics Reveal Massive Changes in the Streptomyces venezuelae NRRL B-65442 Metabolism Caused by Ethanol Shock.

The species Streptomyces venezuelae is represented by several distinct strains with variable abilities to biosynthesize structurally diverse secondary metabolites. In this work, we examined the effect of ethanol shock on the transcriptome and metabolome of Streptomyces venezuelae NRRL B-65442 using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ethanol shock caused massive changes in the gene expression profile, differentially affecting genes for secondary metabolite biosynthesis and central metabolic pathways.

Conservation of Energetic Pathways for Electroautotrophy in the Uncultivated Candidate Order .

Electromicrobiology can be used to understand extracellular electron uptake in previously undescribed chemolithotrophs. Enrichment and characterization of the uncultivated electroautotroph " Tenderia electrophaga" using electromicrobiology led to the designation of the order Representative metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) have been identified in a number of environmental surveys, yet a comprehensive characterization of conserved genes for extracellular electron uptake has thus far not been conducted. Using comparative genomics, we identified conserved orthologous genes within the and nearest-neighbor orders important for extracellular electron uptake based on a previously proposed pathway from " Tenderia electrophaga.

-Succinyltransferase Encoded by a Cryptic Siderophore Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in Modifies Structurally Distinct Antibiotics.

The antibiotic desertomycin A and its previously undescribed inactive -succinylated analogue, desertomycin X, were isolated from sp. strain YIM 121038. Genome sequencing and analysis readily identified the desertomycin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC), which lacked genes encoding acyltransferases that would account for desertomycin X formation.

Meropenem Population Pharmacokinetics and Simulations in Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Tissue.

Meropenem is a broad spectrum carbapenem used for the treatment of cerebral infections. There is a need for data describing meropenem pharmacokinetics (PK) in the brain tissue to optimize therapy in these infections. Here, we present a meropenem PK model in the central nervous system and simulate dosing regimens.

Individuality of the Extremely Premature Infant Gut Microbiota Is Driven by Ecological Drift.

The initial contact between humans and their colonizing gut microbiota after birth is thought to have expansive and long-lasting consequences for physiology and health. Premature infants are at high risk of suffering from lifelong impairments, due in part to aberrant development of gut microbiota that can contribute to early-life infections and inflammation. Despite their importance to health, the ecological assembly and succession processes governing gut microbiome composition in premature infants remained incompletely understood.

Microbial Consortiums of Putative Degraders of Low-Density Polyethylene-Associated Compounds in the Ocean.

Polyethylene (PE) is one of the most abundant plastics in the ocean. The development of a biofilm on PE in the ocean has been reported, yet whether some of the biofilm-forming organisms can biodegrade this plastic in the environment remains unknown. Via metagenomics analysis, we taxonomically and functionally analyzed three biofilm communities using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as their sole carbon source for 2 years.

Biosynthetic Potential of the Endophytic Fungus Helotiales sp. BL73 Revealed via Compound Identification and Genome Mining.

Endophytic fungi have been recognized as prolific producers of chemically diverse secondary metabolites. In this work, we describe a new representative of the order Helotiales isolated from the medicinal plant Bergenia pacumbis. Several bioactive secondary metabolites were produced by this Helotiales sp.

Nitrogen Kinetic Isotope Effects of Nitrification by the Complete Ammonia Oxidizer Nitrospira inopinata.

Analysis of nitrogen isotope fractionation effects is useful for tracing biogeochemical nitrogen cycle processes. Nitrification can cause large nitrogen isotope effects through the enzymatic oxidation of ammonia (NH) via nitrite (NO) to nitrate (NO) (ε and ε). The isotope effects of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) and of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) have been analyzed previously.

Linking 16S rRNA Gene Classification to Gene Taxonomy Reveals Environmental Distribution of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaeal Clades in Peatland Soils.

A highly resolved taxonomy for ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) based on the alpha subunit of ammonia monooxygenase () was recently established, which uncovered novel environmental patterns of AOA, challenging previous generalizations. However, many microbiome studies target the 16S rRNA gene as a marker; thus, the usage of this novel taxonomy is currently limited. Here, we exploited the phylogenetic congruence of archaeal and 16S rRNA genes to link 16S rRNA gene classification to the novel taxonomy.

Plasma and Lung Tissue Pharmacokinetics of Ceftaroline Fosamil in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: an Microdialysis Study.

Ceftaroline fosamil, a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is currently approved for the treatment of pneumonia and complicated skin and soft tissue infections. However, pharmacokinetics data on free lung tissue concentrations in critical patient populations are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the high-dose regimen of ceftaroline in plasma and lung tissue in cardiac surgery patients during intermittent and continuous administration.

The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 (CDK8) Inhibitor DCA Promotes a Tolerogenic Chemical Immunophenotype in CD4 T Cells via a Novel CDK8-GATA3-FOXP3 Pathway.

Immune health requires innate and adaptive immune cells to engage precisely balanced pro- and anti-inflammatory forces. We employ the concept of chemical immunophenotypes to classify small molecules functionally or mechanistically according to their patterns of effects on primary innate and adaptive immune cells. The high-specificity, low-toxicity cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) inhibitor 16-didehydro-cortistatin A (DCA) exerts a distinct tolerogenic profile in both innate and adaptive immune cells.