Multilocus Sequence Typing and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolated from Foods Surveyed in Kosovo.

In the absence of data on the reporting of resistance to antibiotics, we sought to determine which clonal complexes (CCs)/sequence types (STs) circulate in the food chain in Kosovo and to determine their antibiogram profiles to a panel of 18 antibiotics. From a total of 114 isolates, 21 different typical STs were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Each isolate derived from the food categories was subjected to tests to verify its susceptibility to the selected antibiotics according to the designed Sensititre GPN3F panel.

Ultrasonographic Measurement of Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Thickness for the Objective Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Alpacas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic measurement of the subcutaneous fat and muscle layers at two different body locations as an objective tool with which to determine the nutritional status of alpacas. The results of ultrasonographic measurement were related to body weight, determined by scale, and body condition score (BCS), determined by a scoring system. Differences between gender (female/male) and different reproductive statuses (castrated/intact males, pregnant, and early or non-pregnant females) were evaluated.

Schistosoma sex-biased microRNAs regulate ovarian development and egg production by targeting Wnt signaling pathway.

Adult Schistosoma produces a large number of eggs that play essential roles in host pathology and disease dissemination. Consequently, understanding the mechanisms of sexual maturation and egg production may open a new avenue for controlling schistosomiasis. Here, we describe that Bantam miRNA and miR-1989 regulate Wnt signaling pathway by targeting Frizzled-5/7/9, which is involved in ovarian development and oviposition.

Hidden Causes of Variation in Offspring Reproductive Value: Negative Effects of Maternal Breeding Age on Offspring Telomere Length Persist Undiminished Across Multiple Generations.

Offspring of older breeders frequently show reduced longevity, which has been linked to shorter offspring telomere length. It is currently unknown whether such telomere reduction persists beyond a single generation, as would be the case if germline transmission is involved. In a within-grandmother, multi-generational study using zebra finches, we show that the shorter telomeres observed in F1 offspring of older mothers are still present in the F2 generation even when the breeding age of their F1 mothers is young.

Detection and phylogenetic analysis of blood-associated pathogens from spleen samples of wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany.

Raccoons (Procyon lotor) originated in North America and have been introduced to Europe. Due to their close contact with human settlements, they are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens, such as Baylisascaris procyonis. The relevance and prevalence of vector-borne pathogens have not yet been fully elucidated.

Temporal dynamics in the composition of metabolically active bacteria and fungi in the ileo-cecal lymph nodes of suckling and newly weaned piglets.

The early microbial colonization of the porcine gut is an important priming factor for gut and immune development. Nevertheless, little is known about the composition of microbes that translocate into the ileo-cecal lymph nodes (ICLN) in the neonatal phase. This study aimed to characterize age- and nutrition-related changes in the metabolically active bacterial and fungal composition of the ICLN in suckling and newly weaned piglets.

Evaluation of factors associated with immunoglobulin, protein, fat and lactose concentrations in colostrum of dairy cows from Austria.

Background: Calves rely on the passive transfer with immunoglobulins derived from colostrum. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge on colostrum management practices and colostrum quality on small scale family-owned dairy farms in Austria. The objectives of this study were to describe factors that are associated with immunoglobulin, protein, fat and lactose concentrations in dairy cow colostrum from the federal state of Salzburg.

Four new genome sequences of the Pallas's cat (): an insight into the patterns of within-species variability.

Manul () is the only representative of the genus which makes up the Leopard Cat lineage along with the genus . Their habitat is characterized by harsh environmental conditions. Although their populations are probably more stable than previously thought, it is still the case that their population size is declining.

The modulating role of uniaxial straining in the IL-1β and TGF-β mediated inflammatory response of human primary ligamentocytes.

Biomechanical (over-)stimulation, in addition to inflammatory and fibrotic stimuli, severely impacts the biology, contributing to the overall chronic nature of desmopathy. A major challenge has been the lack of representative two-dimensional (2D) models mimicking inflammatory processes in the presence of dynamic mechanical strain, both being crucial for ligament homeostasis. Physiological levels of strain exert anti-inflammatory effects, while excessive strain can facilitate inflammatory mechanisms.

Differences in severity of reticulo-rumen pH drop in primiparous Holstein cows fed the same diet during transition and early lactation: effects on performance, energy balance, blood metabolites, and reproduction.

We recently reported factors leading to different severity of ruminal pH drop in primiparous cows fed the same diet during transition and early lactation. The present study evaluates the effects of those severities on performance and several blood and balance parameters in the same 24 primiparous cows from 3 wk before calving until wk 10 in lactation. Dietary concentrate was increased for all cows from 32 before calving to 60% (DM basis) over the first wk in lactation, resulting in a diet with 40% non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and 14.

Nano-encapsulated Yucca extract as feed additives: Ruminal greenhouse gas emissions of three forages.

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock is a crucial step towards mitigating the impact of climate change and improving environmental sustainability in agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Yucca schidigera extract, chitosan, and chitosan nanoparticles as feed additives on in vitro GHG emissions and fermentation profiles in ruminal fluid from bulls. Total gas, CH, CO, and HS emissions (up to 48 h), rumen fermentation profiles, and CH conversion efficiency were measured using standard protocols.

What we (don't) know about parrot welfare: Finding welfare indicators through a systematic literature review.

Parrots are popular companion animals but show prevalent and at times severe welfare issues. Nonetheless, there are no scientific tools available to assess parrot welfare. The aim of this systematic review was to identify valid and feasible outcome measures that could be used as welfare indicators for companion parrots.

Listeria monocytogenes colonises established multispecies biofilms and resides within them without altering biofilm composition or gene expression.

Listeria (L.) monocytogenes can survive for extended periods in the food producing environment. Here, biofilms possibly provide a niche for long-term survival due to their protective nature against environmental fluctuations and disinfectants.

The Cultivable Bacteria Colonizing Canine Vagina During Proestrus and Estrus: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study of Influencing Factors.

Background: The evaluation of canine vaginal bacteria during proestrus and estrus and the chosen parameters will help to prevent the misuse of antibiotics in veterinary medicine.

Methods: This study carried out a retrospective analysis to obtain microbiological examination results for vaginal swabs from 696 healthy dogs, all of whom were patients from one clinic. Age, body weight, fur length (long or short hair), the time of sampling of vaginal swabs, the duration of proestrus/estrus, progesterone (P4) concentration (the first and last samples), and bacteriological findings were evaluated.

What is it like to hear quantities? Testing dolphins on classic number estimation using a sonar setup.

The featured article by Sakurai and Tomonaga (2024) in this issue has set out to test to what extent dolphins can estimate relative differences between pairs of object numbers by echolocation. For this they used three consecutive experiments with multiple controls and compared their data statistically to existing data from visual experiments done on other species. Previous studies already indicate that dolphins can visually estimate relative numerosity (e.

Dealing With the Complexity of Effective Population Size in Conservation Practice.

Effective population size () is one of the most important parameters in evolutionary biology, as it is linked to the long-term survival capability of species. Therefore, greatly interests conservation geneticists, but it is also very relevant to policymakers, managers, and conservation practitioners. Molecular methods to estimate rely on various assumptions, including no immigration, panmixia, random sampling, absence of spatial genetic structure, and/or mutation-drift equilibrium.

Molecular basis for thiocarboxylation and release of Urm1 by its E1-activating enzyme Uba4.

Ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (Urm1) is a highly conserved member of the ubiquitin-like (UBL) family of proteins. Urm1 is a key component of the eukaryotic transfer RNA (tRNA) thiolation cascade, responsible for introducing sulfur at wobble uridine (U34) in several eukaryotic tRNAs. Urm1 must be thiocarboxylated (Urm1-SH) by its E1 activating enzyme UBL protein activator 4 (Uba4).

Corrigendum: Comparative genomics of the Natural Killer Complex in carnivores.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.

Year after year: Recurrent infections in American bison () calves in a zoo.

(Nematoda: Ascaridida) is a common parasite of cattle and buffaloes in tropical and subtropical regions and the causative agent of toxocarosis in calves. In Europe, sporadic infections have been reported in cattle, but also in bovines held at zoological gardens. Here, we report infections in a herd of American bison () kept at the Vienna Zoo, Austria, which occurred in 2023 and 2024.

Y-chromosomal insights into the breeding history and sire line genealogies of two traditional Baroque horse breeds: Lipizzaner and Kladruber.

The paternally inherited, male-specific part of the Y chromosome (MSY) is an ideal marker for studying the origin, genealogies, and historical connections of horse patrilines. Here, we performed fine-scaled MSY haplotype (HT) analysis in two Baroque horse breeds, the Lipizzaner and the Kladruber, both known for their long-standing tradition of sire line breeding and interconnected genealogies. We genotyped 95 MSY markers using KASP technology in 90 stallions representing all patrilines of both breeds.

Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prosthesis (ITAP) compared to Exoprosthesis in veterinary medicine - a literature review.

Objective: This literature review aims to provide an overview of the existing literature on intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prosthesis (ITAP) and stump socket prosthesis in amputated animals. The goal is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of ITAP with exoprosthesis use, given the importance of limb-sparing procedures in contemporary veterinary medicine.

Materials And Methods: A systematic research adhering to the PRISMA protocol was conducted using a time span from 2000 to 2023, focusing on papers detailing the clinical application of ITAP or exoprosthesis in small animals.