4,338 results match your criteria: "University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover.[Affiliation]"

Antimicrobial stewardship is one of the cornerstones in the battle against antimicrobial resistance. Restrictive legislation aims to foster antimicrobial stewardship. Prophylactic prescription of antimicrobials is still a widespread practice in canine breeding management to prevent suspected infectious infertility.

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Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are a critical tool for the understanding of infectious disease progression, characterising immune responses to infection and rapid assessment of vaccines or drug treatments. There is increasing interest in using CHIMs for vaccine development and an obvious need for widely available and fit-for-purpose challenge agents. Inno4Vac is a large European consortium working towards accelerating and de-risking the development of new vaccines, including development of CHIMs for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and Clostridium difficile.

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MAVS signaling shapes microglia responses to neurotropic virus infection.

J Neuroinflammation

October 2024

Institute for Experimental Infection Research, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, TWINCORE, Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.

Viral encephalitis is characterized by a series of immunological reactions that can control virus infection in the brain, but dysregulated responses may cause excessive inflammation and brain damage. Microglia are brain-resident myeloid cells that are specialized in surveilling the local CNS environment and in case of viral brain infection they contribute to the control of the infection and to restriction of viral dissemination. Here, we report that after exposure to neurotropic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), murine in vitro microglia cultures showed rapid upregulation of a broad range of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes, which were stably expressed over the entire 8 h infection period.

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Article Synopsis
  • Infections in dairy cows significantly affect animal health and the livestock industry, with anthelmintic resistance highlighting the need for sustainable control strategies that consider farmer characteristics like attitude and personality.
  • The study employed the HEXACO model of personality to analyze how farmers' traits relate to on-farm seropositivity for endoparasites, using data collected through interviews about farm management and structure.
  • Results indicated that factors like pasture access, farmer conscientiousness, and attitudes towards animal health are critical for understanding parasite prevalence, underscoring the role of farmer traits in implementing effective livestock management practices.
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Among the common strategies to design next-generation COVID-19 vaccines is broadening the antigenic repertoire thereby aiming to increase efficacy against emerging variants of concern (VoC). This study describes a new Orf virus-based vector (ORFV) platform to design a multiantigenic vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens. Vaccine candidates were engineered, either expressing spike protein (ORFV-S) alone or co-expressing nucleocapsid protein (ORFV-S/N).

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Functional Variation in Human CAZyme Genes in Relation to the Efficacy of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet in IBS Patients.

Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol

October 2024

Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Limiting the dietary intake of certain carbohydrates has therapeutic effects in some but not all irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. We investigated genetic variation in human Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (hCAZymes) genes in relationship to the response to a FODMAP-lowering diet in the DOMINO study.

Methods: hCAZy polymorphism was studied in patients with IBS from the dietary (FODMAP-lowering; n = 196) and medication (otilonium bromide; n = 54) arms of the DOMINO trial via targeted sequencing of 6 genes of interest (AMY2B, LCT, MGAM, MGAM2, SI, and TREH).

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The objectives of the present study were to analyze the influence of the stallions employed in the Dülmen wild horses on the genetic diversity and population substructure using Bayesian cluster analysis. The Dülmen wild horse is maintained as a unique horse population exposed to the natural conditions all year round in the Merfelder Bruch near Dülmen in Westphalia, Germany. Stallions selected for breeding have to prove their abilities to survive under this harsh environment.

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Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is highly aggressive and mostly located in the oral cavity. CMM is the predominant type of canine oral malignancy and shows striking homologies with human mucosal melanoma. In comparative oncology, canine oral melanomas (COMs), as spontaneous tumor models, have the potential to acquire a unique value as a translational model of rare human melanoma subtypes.

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Objective: To compare the practicability and tissue sample quality between different intestinal biopsy techniques.

Study Design: Experimental, randomized ex vivo study.

Sample Population: Small intestine of nine horses.

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Ruminants can recycle nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which are essential for vital body processes. Reduced N- and P-intake in ruminants is desirable for economic and ecologic reasons. Simultaneous modulation of mineral homoeostasis and bone metabolism occurs in young goats.

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Two physical treatments (heat via water bath and cold air) with various temperatures (20/70/75/80°C and - 80/-90°C) and exposure times (20, 30, 40 s) were carried out to identify a decontaminating effect on zoonotic pathogens on broiler carcasses. Subsequently, carcasses were analyzed for thermotolerant , , and total colony count (TCC). Moreover, for the hot water treatment, qPCR with viable/dead differentiation (v-qPCR) was applied to detect viable but non-culturable cells (VBNC) of referred to as intact but putatively infectious units (IPIU).

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Article Synopsis
  • Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is a contagious disease affecting sheep and goats in Ethiopia, posing a serious economic threat to the pastoral production system; a study in the Borena Zone assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with the virus.
  • Out of 384 serum samples tested, seroprevalence was noted at 32.1% for nonvaccinated, 68.8% for vaccinated, and 45.5% for those with unknown vaccination status; age, origin, flock size, and veterinary services were identified as significant risk factors.
  • The findings revealed critical weaknesses in vaccination efforts, with herd immunity below the recommended 80% threshold, indicating that Ethiopia's strategy for eradicating
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PET imaging identifies anti-inflammatory effects of fluoxetine and a correlation of glucose metabolism during epileptogenesis with chronic seizure frequency.

Neuropharmacology

December 2024

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany; Brain Mapping Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISCC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISCC), Madrid, Spain.

Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigated the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on epilepsy development in female rats that underwent status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine.
  • - Although fluoxetine did not change brain glucose metabolism or seizure frequency, it reduced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus by 22.6%.
  • - The researchers found a correlation between glucose metabolism in the hippocampus shortly after status epilepticus and seizure frequency later on, suggesting that FDG-PET could serve as a biomarker for epilepsy progression.
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Increasing evidence suggests an essential function for autophagy in unconventional protein secretion (UPS). However, despite its relevance for the secretion of aggregate-prone proteins, the mechanisms of secretory autophagy in neurons have remained elusive. Here we show that the lower motoneuron disease-associated guanine exchange factor Plekhg5 drives the UPS of Sod1.

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Unlabelled: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global concern exacerbated by the scarcity of new medications and resistance to current antibiotics. Microbes from unexplored habitats are promising sources of natural products to combat this challenge. This study aimed to isolate bacteria producing secondary metabolites and assess their antimicrobial efficacy against human pathogens.

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  • This study investigates the gross pathology and mercury levels in liver tissue of harbour porpoises, harbour seals, and grey seals from Denmark, finding the highest mercury concentrations in grey seals and subadult harbour seals from the Baltic Sea.
  • It reports that pneumonia was the most common health issue observed, with a range of other parasitic infections and injuries noted, showing significant relationships between mercury levels and respiratory parasites in harbour porpoises as well as various health issues in harbour seals.
  • The findings indicate that mercury exposure poses potential health risks in marine mammals, and these species are useful indicators of the overall health of Danish marine ecosystems amidst various environmental stressors.
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Background: Within the last decades industrial swine herds in Europe grown significantly, creating an optimized reservoir for swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) to become enzootic, particularly in piglet producing herds among newborn, partly immunologically naïve piglets. To date, the only specific control measure to protect piglets from swIAV is the vaccination of sows, which provides passive immunity through maternally derived antibodies in colostrum of vaccinated sows. Interruption of infection chains through management practices have had limited success.

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Environmental stressors such as micro- and nanosized plastic particles (MNPs) or crude oil have a detrimental effect on aquatic animals; however, the impact upon the cardiovascular system of fish remains relatively under-researched. This study presents a novel approach for investigating the effect of crude oil and MNPs on the cardiac system of fish. We used salmonid larvae and cardiac cell cultures derived from hearts of salmonid fish and exposed them to environmental stressors.

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Declared as a Public Health Emergency in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Zika virus (ZIKV) continues to cause outbreaks that are linked to increased neurological complications. Transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes, the virus is spread mostly amongst several tropical regions with the potential of territorial expansion due to environmental and ecological changes. The ZIKV envelope protein's domain III, crucial for vaccine development due to its role in receptor binding and neutralizing antibody targeting, was integrated into sterically optimized AP205 VLPs to create an EDIII-based VLP vaccine.

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Integrative taxonomy clarifies the evolution of a cryptic primate clade.

Nat Ecol Evol

January 2025

Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR5300 Université Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France.

Article Synopsis
  • * The article proposes a comprehensive approach to accurately define species boundaries, using integrated evidence and focusing on geographic isolation, specifically applied to the mouse lemurs, a debated group of primates.
  • * The study reveals that previous estimates of species diversity were inflated, mainly mistaking geographic variation for new species, and suggests that a clearer understanding of species limits can inform better conservation strategies.
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This study assesses the use of fructosamine as a diagnostic tool for hyperglycemia in alpacas in view of their sensitivity to stress and susceptibility to conditions like lipid mobilization syndrome. Plasma fructosamine, like in diagnosing diabetes in cats and dogs, can reveal long-term blood glucose trends, differentiating stress-induced spikes from persistent diabetic hyperglycemia. In 125 alpacas presented as patients of a veterinary clinic, plasma glucose and fructosamine concentrations were compared for correlations with findings of the general clinical examination, laboratory parameters, demographic data, and a behavioral stress assessment processed by using principal component analysis.

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  • Salmonellosis is a significant bacterial disease affecting pigs in Germany, and increasing rye in pig diets can help reduce Salmonella due to its beneficial fermentation properties.
  • A study involving seven pig farms showed that higher rye content (40%-70%) and reduced fine particle feed resulted in significantly lower Salmonella antibody levels compared to farms with no dietary changes.
  • Overall, incorporating more rye into pig feed can lead to decreased Salmonella antibody detection, improving food safety and reducing the risk of zoonotic transmission, especially on farms with previously high Salmonella levels.
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Infections in the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease and Synucleinopathies: A Renewed Perspective, Mechanistic Insights, and Therapeutic Implications.

J Parkinsons Dis

October 2024

Laboratory for Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Increasing evidence suggests a potential role for infectious pathogens in the etiology of synucleinopathies, a group of age-related neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. In this review, we discuss the link between infections and synucleinopathies from a historical perspective, present emerging evidence that supports this link, and address current research challenges with a focus on neuroinflammation. Infectious pathogens can elicit a neuroinflammatory response and modulate genetic risk in PD and related synucleinopathies.

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 The pig (Sus scrofa) is the most widely used large animal model in Europe, with cardiovascular research being one of the main areas of application. Adequate refinement of interventional studies in this field, meeting the requirements of Russell and Burch's 3 R concept, can only be performed if blood-contacting medical devices are hemocompatible. Because most medical devices for cardiovascular interventional procedures are developed for humans, they are tested only for compatibility with human blood.

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Article Synopsis
  • The field of meta-analysis for diagnostic test accuracy studies is evolving, focusing on methods to analyze multiple thresholds of sensitivity and specificity.
  • A case study highlighted the application of various methods for meta-analyzing diagnostic test studies, but no comprehensive simulation has compared these methods systematically.
  • This article presents a simulation study that evaluates three frequentist approaches for analyzing ROC curves, finding that Hoyer et al.'s method performed the best in most scenarios and is suggested for practical use.
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