Heartworm and seal louse: Trends in prevalence, characterisation of impact and transmission pathways in a unique parasite assembly on seals in the North and Baltic Sea.

The ectoparasitic seal louse, infects harbour () and grey seals () in the North and Baltic Sea. The endoparasitic heartworm parasitizes the right heart and blood vessels of harbour seals. The complete lifecycle of the heartworm is not entirely understood although the seal louse is assumed to serve as vector for its transmission.

Identifying biomarkers deciphering sepsis from trauma-induced sterile inflammation and trauma-induced sepsis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify a panel of biomarkers for distinguishing early stage sepsis patients from non-infected trauma patients.

Background: Accurate differentiation between trauma-induced sterile inflammation and real infective sepsis poses a complex life-threatening medical challenge because of their common symptoms albeit diverging clinical implications, namely different therapies. The timely and accurate identification of sepsis in trauma patients is therefore vital to ensure prompt and tailored medical interventions (provision of adequate antimicrobial agents and if possible eradication of infective foci) that can ultimately lead to improved therapeutic management and patient outcome.

Serological monitoring of Enterococcus cecorum specific antibodies in chickens.

Pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum (EC) has gained increasing importance as the cause of skeletal infections in meat-type chicken production. Since effective intervention strategies are scarce, it must be focused on preventive measures. Vaccination of meat-type breeder chicken flocks is common practice to protect the progeny against infection with EC.

MVA-based vaccine candidates encoding the native or prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike reveal differential immunogenicity in humans.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple vaccines were developed using platforms such as viral vectors and mRNA technology. Here, we report humoral and cellular immunogenicity data from human phase 1 clinical trials investigating two recombinant Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine candidates, MVA-SARS-2-S and MVA-SARS-2-ST, encoding the native and the prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, respectively. MVA-SARS-2-ST was more immunogenic than MVA-SARS-2-S, but both were less immunogenic compared to licensed mRNA- and ChAd-based vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals.

Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses Occurrence and Distribution in the Last Three Decades in Central Africa: A Systematic Literature Review.

Arboviruses represent a real public health problem globally and in the Central African subregion in particular, which represents a high-risk zone for the emergence and re-emergence of arbovirus outbreaks. Furthermore, an updated review on the current arbovirus burden and associated mosquito vectors is lacking for this region. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, the current study was designed with the following objectives: (i) to systematically review data on the occurrence and distribution of arboviruses and mosquito fauna; and (ii) to identify potential spillover mosquito species in the Central African region in the last 30 years.

Transcriptional Host Responses to Infection with in a Porcine Precision-Cut Lung Slice Model: Between-Strain Differences Suggest Association with Virulence Potential.

is a porcine and zoonotic pathogen in the upper respiratory tract, expressing different capsular serotypes and virulence-associated factors. Given its genomic and phenotypic diversity, the virulence potential of cannot be attributed to a single factor. Since strong inflammatory response is a hallmark of infection, the objective of this study was to investigate the differences in transcriptional host responses to two serotype 2 and one serotype 9 strains.

Lipid rafts disruption by statins negatively impacts the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit and ACE2 in intestinal epithelial cells.

The causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, is a virus that targets mainly the upper respiratory tract. However, it can affect other systems such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therapeutic strategies for this virus are still inconclusive and understanding its entry mechanism is important for finding effective treatments.

Special Issue "Primate Phylogeny and Genetics".

New phylogenetic tools and population genetics methods have been developed and vastly advanced over the last decade [...

Process Hygiene Criterion for and Number of Enteritis Cases in Northwest Germany.

Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported bacterial foodborne disease in the European Union. Its transmission is often associated with the consumption of poultry meat. In 2018, Regulation (EC) No.

Concurrent Detection of a Papillomatous Lesion and Sequence Reads Corresponding to a Member of the Family in a Bell's Hinge-Back Tortoise ().

An adult male Bell's hinge-back tortoise () was admitted to a veterinary clinic due to a swelling in the oral cavity. Physical examination revealed an approximately 2.5 × 1.

Measuring Veterinarian Professions' Readiness for Interprofessional Learning in a Pre- and Post-Intervention Study.

The integration of interprofessional collaboration is becoming increasingly crucial in veterinary care settings, emphasising the need for interprofessional education (IPE) in veterinary programmes. This study explores the readiness for interprofessional learning among German veterinary students, apprentices and related occupations before and after an interprofessional communication course. It assesses the impact of this course on the participants' attitudes using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS).

Protective MVA-ST Vaccination Robustly Activates T Cells and Antibodies in an Aged-Hamster Model for COVID-19.

Aging is associated with a decline in immune system functionality. So-called immunosenescence may impair the successful vaccination of elderly people. Thus, improved vaccination strategies also suitable for an aged immune system are required.

Localization of nitric oxide-producing hemocytes in Aedes and Culex mosquitoes infected with bacteria.

Mosquitoes are significant vectors of various pathogens. Unlike vertebrates, insects rely solely on innate immunity. Hemocytes play a crucial role in the cellular part of the innate immune system.

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in the mammary gland of a dairy goat.

The zoonotic bacterium Coxiella (C.) burnetii can be excreted by infected goats through birth products and milk. The detection of C.

Landscape of protein-protein interactions during hepatitis C virus assembly and release.

Assembly of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles requires multiple cellular proteins including for instance apolipoprotein E (ApoE). To describe these protein-protein interactions, we performed an affinity purification mass spectrometry screen of HCV-infected cells. We used functional viral constructs with epitope-tagged envelope protein 2 (E2), protein (p) 7, or nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) as well as cells expressing a tagged variant of ApoE.

Medial strabismus (esotropia) at rest associated with contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction in 2 dogs.

Pseudoabducens paralysis resulting in resting medial strabismus (esotropia) is a rare consequence of a contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction in people. To date, esotropia has been reported in dogs in association with ipsilateral abducens neuropathy or extraocular myopathy, but not secondary to thalamic lesions. A 7-year-old male neutered Border Collie and a 12-year-old female neutered cross-breed dog were presented with peracute nonprogressive vestibular ataxia.

The Postictal Phase in Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy: Semiology, Management, and Impact on the Quality of Life from the Owners' Perspective.

Background: Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy experience not only the preictal and ictal seizure phases but also the postictal phase. To date, research has primarily focused on the preictal and ictal semiology and therapeutic control of ictal events. Research into the postictal phase's pathophysiology, as a therapeutic target and how it impacts the quality of life, is sparse across different species.

Heat Stress Trends in Regions of Intensive Turkey Production in Germany-A Challenge in Times of Climate Change.

This study analyzed trends of enthalpy and the temperature-humidity index (THI) over a period of 50 years in outer air, which lead to severe heat stress in turkeys. Weather station data from 15 German districts with high densities of turkey production were used to investigate the heat input into the barns. Therefore, the parameters of enthalpy and THI with specified thresholds were used for heat stress assessment.

Neuroanatomy of the Cetacean Sensory Systems.

Cetaceans have undergone profound sensory adaptations in response to their aquatic environment during evolution. These adaptations are characterised by anatomo-functional changes in the classically defined sensory systems, shaping their neuroanatomy accordingly. This review offers a concise and up-to-date overview of our current understanding of the neuroanatomy associated with cetacean sensory systems.

Diffusion tensor-based analysis of white matter in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.

Introduction: The understanding of epileptic seizure pathogenesis has evolved over time, and it is now generally accepted that not only are cortical and subcortical areas involved but also the connection of these regions in the white matter (WM). Recent human neuroimaging studies confirmed the involvement of the WM in several epilepsy syndromes. Neuroimaging studies investigating WM integrity with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in canine idiopathic epilepsy are lacking.