Nondisplaced shearing-type talar body fractures.

The majority of talar body fractures represent avulsive injuries or are associated with obvious displacement or dislocation. Minimally displaced, nonavulsive fractures of the talar body are rare and can be difficult to recognize. Delay in diagnosis and therapy may be associated with an increased risk of osteonecrosis, malunion, secondary osteoarthritis, and other complications.

Heat shock factor can activate transcription while bound to nucleosomal DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

After each round of replication, new transcription initiation complexes must assemble on promoter DNA. This process may compete with packaging of the same promoter sequences into nucleosomes. To elucidate interactions between regulatory transcription factors and nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, we asked whether heat shock factor (HSF) could be made to bind to nucleosomal DNA in vivo.

Nonhomologous recombination in human cells.

Nonhomologous recombination (NHR) is a major pathway for the repair of chromosomal double-strand breaks in the DNA of somatic cells. In this study, a comparison was made between the nonhomologous end joining of transfected adenovirus DNA fragments in vivo and the ability of purified human proteins to catalyze nonhomologous end joining in vitro. Adenovirus DNA fragments were shown to be efficiently joined in human cells regardless of the structure of the ends.

Perinatal and postnatal chest sonography.

Sonography is the primary method used to image the fetal chest. Many significant congenital anomalies such as pleural effusion, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cystic adenomatoid malformation, pulmonary sequestration, and congenital heart disease can be detected during early prenatal sonography. Fetal sonography also permits accurate assessment of the severity of these processes, allowing for parental counseling and optimal planning of postnatal care.

Sudden infant death syndrome, child maltreatment, oral rehydration therapy, infectious diseases, and vaccinations.

With this section, I review five areas of concern to the pediatrician in the office setting: sudden infant death syndrome, child maltreatment, oral rehydration therapy, infectious diseases, and vaccinations. In keeping with the structure of Current Opinion in Pediatrics, I focus on these topics through the vantage point of this past year's literature. I would be amiss, however, if my commentary neglected to integrate the impact of major factors, often regulatory, on pediatric practice and to acknowledge the precarious nature and thus the renewed challenge of children's health in the United States today.

Radiographic analysis of an investigational hydroxyapatite-coated total hip replacement.

Rationale And Objectives: The impetus to discover cementless techniques for fixing implants to bone is the result of the high failure rates of cemented arthroplasty in young, active patients. The application of hydroxyapatite (HA) to implants represents an alternative. The purpose of this investigation is to define the early radiographic pattern of an HA femoral stem and compare this definition with an identical stem without the HA treatment.

Perinatal cerebrovascular disease in the neonate. Parenchymal ischemic lesions in term and preterm infants.

Acute cerebrovascular injury in term and preterm infants is a cause of significant morbidity. Treatment efforts in the past have focused on attempts to prevent such injury by interceding during labor in term infants and improving neonatal care in preterm infants. Epidemiologic studies suggest that these strategies have had little impact.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in heroin- and cocaine-dependent men: a preliminary study.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed in nine drug-dependent men with a primary diagnosis of opioid and/or cocaine dependence, and 10 age-matched, non-drug-dependent controls. Individuals were screened for the presence of gross cerebral abnormalities before T1 and T2 analyses. Regional T1 and T2 times were calculated on a single 5-mm thick axial slice positioned just below the caudal margin of the lateral ventricles, passing through the caudate and putamen.

Occupational health: how work environments can affect reproductive capacity and outcome.

This article presents a compilation of descriptive data on how work environments can affect reproductive capacity and outcome. A thorough background in issues relevant to reproductive health provides a basis for understanding the effects of work on pregnancy and the effects of pregnancy on work performance. The physical changes of pregnancy and the sequential events by trimester are discussed in relation to work demands and risks.

Progressive myopathy in hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.

A progressive degenerative myopathy has been well described in hypokalemic periodic paralysis but is not as widely recognized in hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. We studied four families with the latter disease in which some members developed a progressive myopathy. Episodes of paralysis were prolonged, lasting for months in some cases, and in one case paralysis was sufficiently severe to require ventilatory support.

Protein kinase C in adriamycin action and resistance in mouse sarcoma 180 cells.

Adriamycin has a wide variety of biological actions on susceptible cells, several of which may be integrally involved in cytotoxicity. In this paper, we present evidence that one of the alterations in cell function that occurs in the presence of Adriamycin is an elevation in the production of diacylglycerol. The effect is rapid, reaches a peak within 10 min of exposure of Sarcoma 180 cells to Adriamycin, and can thus be classified among the earliest alterations that occur in cells damaged by Adriamycin.

Hypertension, exercise, and beta-adrenergic blockade.

Study Objective: To determine whether beta-adrenergic blocking agents affect exercise tolerance, exercise conditioning response, and blood pressure response to conditioning in hypertensive patients.

Design: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with a 10-week exercise period.

Setting: Outpatient, monitored exercise program at a community-based, university-sponsored cardiac rehabilitation facility.

Protein diffusivities in skinned frog skeletal muscle fibers.

In this preliminary report, we investigate the problem of why proteins appear to diffuse much more slowly in muscle cytoplasm than in aqueous solutions. Microvolumetric sampling methods were used to partition the cytoplasm of freshly skinned muscle fibers into diffusible (cytosol) and nondiffusible (cytomatrix) fractions. Some of the diffusible proteins that were identified tentatively on the basis of electrophoretic mobility are: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triose-P-isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase and parvalbumin.

Cardiac effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity during submaximal exercise.

1. beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) are characterized by lesser depression of cardiac performance during low levels of sympathetic stimulation than beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents lacking ISA. Studies of the effects of ISA on cardiac output and on the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand during submaximal exercise are described and distinct differences between beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with and without ISA emerge.