Null subject comprehension and production revisited: a look at English and Italian.

This study will investigate how children acquire the option to drop the subject of a sentence, or null subjects (e.g., "Tickles me" instead of "He tickles me").

Contamination of the terrestrial food chain by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and related human health risks: A systematic review.

Background: PFAS contamination is a global issue, affecting various food sources, especially animal-based products like eggs and dairy.

Objective: Collect scientific evidence of the presence of PFAS in diverse food and edible resources along with the related risks to human health, pursuing the following objectives: determination of the level of terrestrial food chain contamination; determination of the related human health risk.

Data Source: Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases.

Stylometry and forensic science: A literature review.

The article focuses on a careful description of literature on stylometry and on its potential use in forensic science. The state of the art of stylometry is summarized to illustrate the history and the scientific foundation of this discipline. However, the study conducted reveals that there are still some key unresolved aspects that require a response from the academic world.

Social capital and vaccination compliance: Evidence from Italy.

Exploiting high-frequency vaccination data for COVID-19 and social capital measures at the municipal level in Italy between January and October 2021, this paper estimates the effect of social capital on vaccination compliance. We find that weekly vaccination coverage increased up to 1.60 percentage points more in municipalities with higher social capital.

Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Molecular Structure and Mechanical Properties of Hypophosphatasia Primary Tooth.

Mild hypophosphatasia (HPP) can be difficult to distinguish from other bone disorders in the absence of typical symptoms such as the premature loss of primary teeth. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and the three-dimensional structure of collagen in HPP teeth at the molecular level and to search for new biomarkers of HPP. Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the molecular structure, composition, and mechanical properties of primary teeth from healthy individuals and patients with HPP.

Role of Social Media for Medical Oncologists and Medical Oncology Fellows (SMARTY): An Italian Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: The use of social media is transforming physician-patient communication, mainly in the field of medical oncology. The pattern of social media use by medical oncologists is poorly studied. Therefore, we developed a survey to understand the preferences, experiences, opinions, and expectations of Italian medical oncologists and oncology fellows regarding the use of social media in cancer medicine to identify the different profiles of social media users.

The diabetes mellitus comorbidity index in European Union member states based on the 2019 European Health Interview Survey.

Multiple chronic conditions reduce the quality of life and increase healthcare needs for people with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aims to describe the prevalence of comorbidities associated with DM in the European Union (EU) at national and sub-national levels and to assess the utility of a comorbidity burden index. The study was carried out using microdata from European Health Interview Survey 2019 including adults aged 25 and older with DM from 26 EU member states (n = 20,042).

Atypical Regional Accent in Autistic Children: A Perception Study.

Autistic children are frequently said to speak with accents that markedly differ from those of their linguistic communities. To date, these anecdotal reports have never been tested or explained. We ran two perception studies using short audio recordings of autistic and typically developing children from the Campania region in Italy.

Nanoscale polarization transient gratings.

Light manipulation at the nanoscale is essential both for fundamental science and modern technology. The quest to shorter lengthscales, however, requires the use of light wavelengths beyond the visible. In particular, in the extreme ultraviolet regime these manipulation capabilities are hampered by the lack of efficient optics, especially for polarization control.

Combination of Coevolutionary Information and Supervised Learning Enables Generation of Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors with Enhanced Potency from a Small Data Set.

Computational generation of cyclic peptide inhibitors using machine learning models requires large size training data sets often difficult to generate experimentally. Here we demonstrated that sequential combination of Random Forest Regression with the pseudolikelihood maximization Direct Coupling Analysis method and Monte Carlo simulation can effectively enhance the design pipeline of cyclic peptide inhibitors of a tumor-associated protease even for small experimental data sets. Further studies showed that such -evolved cyclic peptides are more potent than the best peptide inhibitors previously developed to this target.

Fishery and ecology-related knowledge about plants among fishing communities along Laguna Lake, Philippines.

Background: Ethnobotanical knowledge about plant roles in fisheries is crucial for sustainable resource management. Local ecological knowledge helps understand dynamics of the lake ecosystem. Fishers use plants based on availability and characteristics while adapting to the changes in the environment.

Regulatory preparedness for multicomponent nanomaterials: Current state, gaps and challenges of REACH.

In 2018 the European Commission adopted revisions to the Annexes of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 concerning registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) to introduce nanomaterial-specific clarifications and provisions. Multicomponent nanomaterial (MCNM) is a non-regulatory term that has been used in recent EU-funded projects to describe nanomaterials with a complex structure and/or composition and which are expected to be increasingly used in products in the near future. This paper examines the regulatory preparedness of REACH, and its revised Annexes, for MCNMs.

Training in Roller Speed Skating: Proposal of Surface Electromyography and Kinematics Data for Educational Purposes in Junior and Senior Athletes.

: Roller skating shares biomechanical similarities with other sports, but specific studies on speed skaters are limited. Injuries, particularly to the groin, are frequent and related to acute and chronic muscle stress. Technology, particularly surface electromyography, can now be used to monitor performance and prevent injuries, especially those caused by muscular asymmetries.

Cardiometabolic risk factors and clinical course of liver cirrhosis.

Background: The global prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease is dramatically increasing with the diffusion of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). The aim of the present study was to assess the natural course of liver cirrhosis, in terms of decompensation, development of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality, in relation to the presence of CMRFs (type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, arterial hypertension, low HDL levels, hypertriglyceridemia).

Patients: 667 patients with liver cirrhosis (50 with CMRFs and without non-metabolic aetiological factors, 167 with non-metabolic aetiological factors and without CMRFs, and 450 with both non-metabolic aetiological factors and at least one CMRF) followed at the University and General Hospital of Padua, Italy, from 1998 to 2022, were included.

K-Alpha Calculator-Krippendorff's Alpha Calculator: A user-friendly tool for computing Krippendorff's Alpha inter-rater reliability coefficient.

Krippendorff's Alpha is a measure for assessing inter-rater reliability, facilitating triangulated evaluations among multiple raters. Indeed, Krippendorff's Alpha is key in validating the dependability of human assessments, thereby reinforcing the robustness of human-based choices in contexts where interpretive variability could otherwise undermine the research outcomes. Despite its versatility across various data types, the procedure for computing this coefficient might limit its applicability for researchers unfamiliar with specialised statistical software.

Terahertz metamaterials for light-driven magnetism.

We describe the design of two types of metamaterials aimed at enhancing terahertz field pulses that can be used to control the magnetic state in condensed matter systems. The first structure is a so-called "dragonfly" antenna, able to realize a five-fold enhancement of the impinging terahertz magnetic field, while preserving its broadband features. For currently available state-of-the-art table top sources, this leads to peak magnetic fields exceeding 1 T.

CO Photoreduction Under Visible Light by TiO and Carbon Dots Derived from Pyrolized Bio-Oil.

Herein, we report a study on pyrolysis bio-oil upgrading from leather shaving waste to dope in situ titania (TiO) with carbon dots (cds). The cds doped TiO exhibits remarkable activity as photocatalyst under solar light for the direct conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) and water vapor (HO) to methane (CH). Morover, the catalytic activity also increased under uv radiation.

Unveiling the Composition of La Pajarita PVAc-Based Paints in Joan Miró's Studio and in Three Artworks from the 1970s.

In this study, we present the first characterisation of the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) paints of commercial Spanish brand La Pajarita preserved in the studios of Joan Miró (1893-1983) in Mallorca, Spain. Investigation of several black and white paint samples using complementary analytical techniques (XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and Py-GC-MS) allowed for the identification of pigments and binding media in studio materials, as well as in three artworks dating from the 1970s. Through comparative analysis, it was possible to find significant similarities between the composition of La Pajarita paints conserved in cans in the artist's studio with black and white painted layers from three artworks by Miró.

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on preventive behavior: The importance of confounder adjustment in observational studies.

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical role of observational studies in evaluating the effectiveness of public health strategies. However, although many studies have explored the true impact of vaccination on preventive behavior, their results may be skewed by potential biases and confounding variables. This study examines the application of covariate adjustment and propensity score (PS) estimation, particularly through inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW), to assess their performance in reducing bias in a framework featuring ordinal outcomes and cumulative logistic regression models, as commonly used in observational studies related to social sciences and psychology.