Prospective Analysis of Circulating Biomarkers and Ovarian Cancer Risk in the UK Biobank.

Background: Risk factors have a limited ability to predict individuals at high risk of developing ovarian cancer among average-risk women, highlighting the need for discovery of novel biomarkers. In the UK Biobank, we investigated serum biomarkers commonly measured in clinical laboratory tests and ovarian cancer risk.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 20 serum biomarkers and ovarian cancer risk in 232,037 female UK Biobank participants (including 1,122 incident ovarian cancer cases diagnosed from 2006 to 2020).

Abuse, Bullying, Harassment, Discrimination, and Allyship in Cardiothoracic Surgery.

Abuse, bullying, harassment, and discrimination are prominent workplace occurrences within cardiothoracic (CT) surgery that cause burnout and threaten the well-being of surgeons. Under-represented and marginalized groups experience higher incidences of these negative events, and CT surgery is one of the least diverse specialties. The CT surgery workforce and institutional leadership must prioritize mentorship, sponsorship, and allyship to promote a diverse and healthy specialty for surgeon recruitment, growth, and job satisfaction.

Deep sequencing of candidate genes identified 14 variants associated with smoking abstinence in an ethnically diverse sample.

Despite the large public health toll of smoking, genetic studies of smoking cessation have been limited with few discoveries of risk or protective loci. We investigated common and rare variant associations with success in quitting smoking using a cohort from 8 randomized controlled trials involving 2231 participants and a total of 10,020 common and 24,147 rare variants. We identified 14 novel markers including 6 mapping to genes previously related to psychiatric and substance use disorders, 4 of which were protective (CYP2B6 (rs1175607105), HTR3B (rs1413172952; rs1204720503), rs80210037 on chr15), and 2 of which were associated with reduced cessation (PARP15 (rs2173763), SCL18A2 (rs363222)).

Potential prognostic determinants for FET::CREB fusion-positive intracranial mesenchymal tumor.

Intracranial mesenchymal tumor (IMT), FET::CREB fusion-positive is a provisional tumor type in the 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system tumors with limited information available. Herein, we describe five new IMT cases from four females and one male with three harboring an EWSR1::CREM fusion and two featuring an EWSR1::ATF1 fusion. Uniform manifold approximation and projection of DNA methylation array data placed two cases to the methylation class "IMT, subclass B", one to "meningioma-benign" and one to "meningioma-intermediate".

Phase 1/2a Study of Rivoceranib, a Selective VEGFR-2 Angiogenesis Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the results from an early-phase study of rivoceranib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor highly selective for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Materials And Methods: In this open-label, single-arm, dose-escalating, multicenter three-part phase 1/2a trial, patients had advanced solid tumors refractory to conventional therapy. Part 1 evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of five ascending once-daily doses of rivoceranib from 81 mg to 685 mg.

Screening Beyond the Evidence: Patterns of Age and Comorbidity for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Background: Little evidence exists to guide continuation of screening beyond the recommended ages of national guidelines for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers, although increasing age and comorbidity burden is likely to reduce the screening benefit of lower mortality.

Objective: Characterize screening after recommended stopping ages, by age and comorbidities in a large, diverse sample.

Design: Serial cross-sectional.

From active treatment to surveillance: how the barriers and facilitators of implementing survivorship care planning could be an opportunity for telehealth in oncology care for rural patients.

Purpose: Cancer survivorship care planning is a recognized yet underutilized aspect of care delivery, and the opportunity for telehealth in cancer survivorship is examined.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study in Vermont and New Hampshire to characterize perceptions of rural cancer providers and survivors regarding survivorship transitions in care, consisting of (a) key informant interviews with primary care and oncology clinicians, (b) a broader survey of clinicians, and (c) surveys and focus group discussions with cancer survivors. In these interactions, we also explored the use of a shared telehealth survivorship care planning appointment between oncology clinicians, primary care clinicians, and survivors.

Broadband Data Forensics: Spatiotemporal Variations of the Download/Upload Speed Metric Commonly Used to Evaluate Potential Telehealth Accessibility.

The complicated task of evaluating potential telehealth access begins with the metrics and supporting datasets that seek toevaluate the presence and durability of broadband connections in a community. Broadband download/upload speeds are one of the popular metrics used to measure potential telehealth access, which is critical to health equity. An understanding of the limitations of these measures is important for drawing conclusions about the reality of the digital divide in telehealth access.

The Association of Kidney Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk.

Background: One of the mechanisms of ovarian tumorigenesis is through inflammation. Kidney dysfunction is associated with increased inflammation; thus, we assessed its relationship with ovarian cancer risk.

Methods: In prospectively collected samples, we evaluated the association of kidney function markers and C-reactive protein (CRP) with ovarian cancer risk in the UK Biobank.

Intraperitoneal seeding of a testicular mixed germ cell tumor following spontaneous intraperitoneal mass rupture with associated anti-NMDA paraneoplastic encephalitis.

A 25-year-old male was admitted to the neurological intensive care unit for neurologic deterioration, likely caused by a paraneoplastic syndrome secondary to testicular malignancy. He experienced spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage of his testicular mass arising from an undescended testis while admitted. The tumor was excised, revealing a mixed germ cell tumor.

Framing COVID-19 Preprint Research as Uncertain: A Mixed-Method Study of Public Reactions.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, journalists were encouraged to convey uncertainty surrounding preliminary scientific evidence, including mentioning when research is unpublished or unverified by peer review. To understand how public audiences interpret this information, we conducted a mixed method study with U.S.

Pilot randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based relapse prevention vs cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking and alcohol use.

Background: The combined use of cigarettes and alcohol is associated with a synergistic increase in the risk of morbidity and mortality. Continued alcohol use during a smoking quit attempt is a considerable risk factor for smoking relapse. As such, there is a need for interventions that address both behaviors concurrently.

Mindfulness-Based Smoking Cessation Delivered Through Telehealth and Text Messaging for Low-Income Smokers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Adults with low income and members of certain racial and ethnic minority groups are less likely to quit, and therefore, they experience profound tobacco-related health disparities. Mindfulness training can increase the rates of smoking cessation and lapse recovery, and telehealth and SMS text messaging have the potential to provide more accessible treatment.

Autologous Fat Grafting to the Breast: An Educational Review.

Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is a technique that is increasingly utilized in breast cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. In this procedure, fat is aspirated by liposuction from one area of the body and injected into the breast. The procedure and process of AFG has evolved over the last few decades, leading to more widespread use, though there is no standard method.

Addition of Navitoclax to Ongoing Ruxolitinib Therapy for Patients With Myelofibrosis With Progression or Suboptimal Response: Phase II Safety and Efficacy.

Purpose: Targeting the BCL-X pathway has demonstrated the ability to overcome Janus kinase inhibitor resistance in preclinical models. This phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of adding BCL-X/BCL-2 inhibitor navitoclax to ruxolitinib therapy in patients with myelofibrosis with progression or suboptimal response to ruxolitinib monotherapy (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03222609).

Transition to telehealth: Challenges and benefits of conducting group-based smoking and alcohol treatment virtually.

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, many research and clinical teams have transitioned their projects to a remote-based format, weighing the pros and cons of making such a potentially disruptive decision. One key aspect of this decision is related to the patient population, with underserved populations possibly benefiting from the increased reach of telehealth, while also encountering technology barriers that may limit accessibility. Early in the pandemic, our team shifted a group-based, smoking cessation and alcohol modification treatment trial to a remote-based format.

Application of community - engaged dissemination and implementation science to improve health equity.

Community engagement is critical to accelerate and improve implementation of evidence-based interventions to reduce health inequities. Community-engaged dissemination and implementation research (CEDI) emphasizes engaging stakeholders (e.g.

Ultrasound Guided Core Breast Biopsies.

Core needle biopsies are common procedures performed in breast imaging centers. Utilizing ultrasound guidance for biopsy of suspicious findings within the breast and axilla is the standard of care when lesions are visible on ultrasound. Most ultrasound guided breast biopsies are performed by radiologists interpreting breast imaging who correlate findings across modalities including mammography, ultrasound and breast MRI, however interventional radiologists may perform in some practice settings.

Management and outcomes of ruptured, perforated or fistulized tumors of mesenchymal origin.

Background: Patients with ruptured, perforated or fistulized (RPF) sarcomas commonly have issues such as sepsis and malnutrition and are usually unsuitable for oncologic resection in the emergency setting. We present our approach for managing a series of patients and the outcomes which were achieved with multidisciplinary care.

Methods: We reviewed records of patients referred to the section of sarcoma surgical oncology.

Postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy for non-pancreas retroperitoneal tumor resection.

Introduction: Short-term outcomes after distal pancreatectomy (DP) for retroperitoneal (RP) tumors are unknown. We sought to identify rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and morbidity after en bloc DP with RP tumor resection.

Methods: A retrospective review of 43 patients who underwent DP with RP tumor resection (1/2011-12/2017) was performed.

Patients with Type-1 Diabetes Are at Greater Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Population-Based, Retrospective, Cohort Study.

Background: The effect of diabetes type on the risk of periprosthetic joint infection is not well documented. We hypothesized that patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 would be at greater risk for periprosthetic joint infection than those with diabetes mellitus type 2 and that a history of diabetic complications would be associated with an increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study, within a statewide database, on all adult patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty, with follow-up of ≥2 years, from 1996 to 2013.

Mindfulness-Based Smoking Cessation Enhanced With Mobile Technology (iQuit Mindfully): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Mindfulness training shows promise for improving smoking cessation and lapse recovery, and between-session mobile health messages could enhance treatment engagement and effectiveness. Personalized, in-the-moment text messaging support could be particularly useful for low-income smokers with fewer smoking cessation resources.

Objective: This pilot study examined the feasibility of a text messaging program (iQuit Mindfully) as an adjunct to in-person Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment (MBAT) for smoking cessation.