Evaluation of New Mental Health Diagnoses After Pediatric Traumatic Injuries at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center.

Background: Traumatic injury is associated with significant mental health morbidity. To evaluate the need for implementation of active-post injury mental health screening at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma center, we aimed to characterize all new mental health diagnoses after injury and evaluated for patient or injury factors that may aid in targeting of future screening.

Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis of trauma patients aged 6-18 years presenting in 2022 was performed.

Practice Changes 6 Months Following a Physical Therapist Training Program Regarding Opioid Use and Misuse Screening and Assessment: A Qualitative Study.

Background: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all healthcare providers be trained to screen for misuse and/or opioid use disorder.

Differences in Brain Volume in Military Service Members and Veterans After Blast-Related Mild TBI: A LIMBIC-CENC Study.

Importance: Blast-related mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), the "signature injury" of post-9/11 conflicts, are associated with clinically relevant, long-term cognitive, psychological, and behavioral dysfunction and disability; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate associations between a history of remote blast-related mild TBI and regional brain volume in a sample of US veterans and active duty service members.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective cohort study of US veterans and active duty service members from the Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC), which enrolled more than 1500 participants at 5 sites used in this analysis between 2014 and 2023.

Amyloid-beta metabolism in age-related neurocardiovascular diseases.

Epidemiological evidence suggests the presence of common risk factors for the development and prognosis of both cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, heart, and peripheral vascular diseases. Accumulation of harmful blood signals may induce organotypic endothelial dysfunction affecting blood-brain barrier function and vascular health in age-related diseases. Genetic-, age-, lifestyle- or cardiovascular therapy-associated imbalance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide metabolism in the brain and periphery may be the missing link between age-related neurocardiovascular diseases.

Phase II trial of pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, and aspirin in melanoma: clinical outcomes and translational predictors of response.

Objective: Many patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) do not derive response. Preclinical and retrospective studies identified that inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway may improve response to ICI treatment.

Methods: This prospective single site phase II trial accrued patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma.

Urinary Response to Consuming Plant-Based Meat Alternatives in Persons with Normal Kidney Function: The SWAP-MEAT Pilot Trial.

Background: Consuming excess animal meat may exacerbate kidney disorders, such as urinary stone disease and CKD. Plant-based meat alternatives imitate animal meat and replace animal with vegetable protein, but it is unclear whether eating plant-meat confers similar health benefits as eating whole vegetables. We hypothesized that eating plant-meat when compared with animal meat decreases dietary acid load but increases dietary phosphorus and nitrogen.

Adherence to Synoptic Cancer Pathology Reporting Among Pathologists in the National Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Context.—: Quality communication between clinicians and pathologists is required for optimal cancer care. The College of American Pathologists provides anatomic site-specific cancer protocols that facilitate synoptic reporting for efficient communication, contributing to accuracy and completeness of cancer staging.

Applying Concepts of Successful Aging in Measuring and Promoting Whole Person Health.

Countries around the world have large aging adult populations. There is wide public health concern about the health and well-being of aging adults, and a movement to transform healthcare systems to become age-friendly. The concept of "successful aging" recognizes the importance of aging and expands the goal beyond the absence of disease to functioning and well-being.

Corneal Refractive Surgery Considerations in Patients With History of Orthokeratology.

Objective: To review the current literature describing corneal changes observed with orthokeratology (ortho-k) use and to formulate preliminary recommendations for these patients seeking corneal refractive surgery.

Methods: The literature search was conducted through the PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid databases through June 4, 2024, for articles regarding corneal physiological, tomographic, and biomechanical changes secondary to ortho-k use.

Results: Forty-one articles were found describing several changes associated with ortho-k use, including higher corneal staining, central corneal epithelial thinning and midperipheral thickening, increased higher-order aberrations, decreased contrast sensitivity, reduced corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor, and alterations in the tear proteome.

Musculoskeletal Failure.

Osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia are prevalent musculoskeletal disorders that significantly impact the aging population's health and quality of life. Osteoarthritis, characterized by joint inflammation, leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Osteoporosis, a condition marked by bone density loss, increases fracture susceptibility, especially in postmenopausal women and older adults.

Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials.

Randomized clinical trials are the gold standard for establishing the efficacy and safety of cardiovascular therapies. However, current pivotal trials are expensive, lengthy, and insufficiently diverse. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can potentially automate and streamline clinical trial operations.

Assessing Changes in Corneal Densitometry in Patients After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE).

Purpose: The aim is to assess for any lasting changes in corneal densitometry (CD) in patients who underwent small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and developed early transient postoperative corneal haze.

Methods: This retrospective chart review analyzed 98 eyes from 49 patients who underwent SMILE at the Hoopes Vision Clinic and had one-year postoperative Pentacam CD (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). These were compared to 78 eyes from 42 unoperated myopic control patients with documented CD measurements.

Genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation practice patterns: A survey study of the International Pain and Spine Interventional Society.

Introduction: Chronic knee pain often results from degenerative conditions such as knee osteoarthritis (OA) and can worsen after surgical interventions like total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Knee OA affects approximately 86 million individuals globally, leading to decreased function, mobility limitations, and disability. While TKA is a common surgical treatment for refractory knee OA, though up to 20 % of patients experience chronic post-operative knee pain worse than their pre-operative pain.

Evaluation of the clinical performance of anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibody and 14-3-3 eta testing in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) detection is crucial for improving patient prognosis. Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factors (RF) support RA diagnosis but are undetectable in ∼20 % of cases. Recently, antibodies against mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) and detection of 14-3-3 eta have emerged with implications for preclinical RA diagnosis and monitoring treatment.

Cost-Effectiveness of Temporary Financial Assistance for Veterans Experiencing Housing Instability.

Importance: The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) partners with community organizations (grantees) across the US to provide temporary financial assistance (TFA) to vulnerable veterans through the Supportive Services for Veteran Families (SSVF) program. The goal of TFA for housing-related expenses is to prevent homelessness or to quickly house those who have become homeless.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of the SSVF program with TFA vs without TFA as an intervention for veterans who are experiencing housing insecurity.

Exertional Leg Pain in Athletes.

Exertional leg pain is a relatively common condition that can negatively impact athletic performance and may pose a diagnostic and management challenge for the sports medicine physician. A comprehensive clinical evaluation is important to narrow the broad differential associated with exertional leg pain and focus the selection of the most appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment modalities in the care of these individuals. This article will provide an update on recent literature regarding the etiologies, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, workup/diagnosis, and treatment of exertional leg pain in athletes with a focus on vascular etiologies, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, and bone stress injury.

Case Report: Multidisciplinary management of a patient with indolent systemic mastocytosis and refractory symptoms.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare hematologic condition characterized by the proliferation and accumulation in tissue of clonal mast cells in multiple organ systems. The release of mast cell mediators in the indolent disease type and the predominant mast cell infiltration of tissues in advanced disease contribute to the heterogeneous clinical presentation. The disease driver in >90% of adult cases is an activating mutation, with D816V being the most frequent.

Donor age and ischemic time in heart transplantation - implications for organ preservation.

Background: The Organ Care System and Non-ischemic Heart Preservation methods have emerged as significant advancements in heart transplantation, designed to mitigate ischemic injury and extend preservation times. However, their high costs and logistical complexities necessitate strategic utilization.

Methods: We evaluated data from 83,761 heart transplants registered in the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation registry from 1988 to 2018.