Serotype distribution of remaining invasive pneumococcal disease after extensive use of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis.

Background: Widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has reduced vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We describe the serotype distribution of IPD after extensive use of ten-valent PCV (PCV10; Synflorix, GSK) and 13-valent PCV (PCV13; Prevenar 13, Pfizer) globally.

Methods: IPD data were obtained from surveillance sites participating in the WHO-commissioned Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) project that exclusively used PCV10 or PCV13 (hereafter PCV10 and PCV13 sites, respectively) in their national immunisation programmes and had primary series uptake of at least 70%.

Global impact of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in all ages (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) that are ten-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) became available in 2010. We evaluated their global impact on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence in all ages.

Methods: Serotype-specific IPD cases and population denominators were obtained directly from surveillance sites using PCV10 or PCV13 in their national immunisation programmes and with a primary series uptake of at least 50%.

Biomechanical Evaluation of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Grafts Fixed at Nonanatomic Femoral Insertion Points: MPFL Reconstruction And Femoral Tunnel Location.

Background: Improved patient outcomes and decreased patellar instability have been reported after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for recurrent lateral patellar dislocation; however, there is a lack of comparative evidence on functional outcomes associated with different femoral attachment sites for the MPFL graft.

Purpose: To identify differences in MPFL reconstruction graft isometry with femoral tunnel malpositioning, specifically evaluating isometric differences as the femoral position is moved anterior, posterior, proximal, and distal relative to the Schöttle point, the femoral radiographic landmark of the MPFL.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Elective outpatient middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma is safe.

Background: Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) is a safe and effective treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH); however, the appropriate level of postoperative care is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate whether elective MMAE for cSDH could be safely performed in an outpatient setting.

Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study of patients with cSDH who underwent elective MMAE.

2024 Update of the RECOVER-Adult Long COVID Research Index.

Importance: Classification of persons with long COVID (LC) or post-COVID-19 condition must encompass the complexity and heterogeneity of the condition. Iterative refinement of the classification index for research is needed to incorporate newly available data as the field rapidly evolves.

Objective: To update the 2023 research index for adults with LC using additional participant data from the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER-Adult) study and an expanded symptom list based on input from patient communities.

Patient-reported functional outcomes and treatment-related regret in Hispanic and Spanish-speaking men following prostate cancer treatment.

Objectives: Compare functional outcomes and treatment-related regret over 10 years in Spanish- and English-speaking Hispanic men compared to non-Hispanic men following treatment of localized prostate cancer.

Methods And Materials: Data from a prospective cohort study of men with localized prostate cancer treated with active surveillance, radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy were used to examine the effect of survey language (Spanish speaking vs. English speaking) and ethnicity (Hispanic vs.

Implementing Cancer Registry Data With the PCORnet Common Data Model: The Greater Plains Collaborative Experience.

Purpose: Electronic health records (EHRs) comprise a rich source of real-world data for cancer studies, but they often lack critical structured data elements such as diagnosis date and disease stage. Fortunately, such concepts are available from hospital cancer registries. We describe experiences from integrating cancer registry data with EHR and billing data in an interoperable data model across a multisite clinical research network.

Mammography Among Women Residing in Urban Versus Rural Utah: Breast Cancer Survival.

Background: Annual or biennial breast cancer screenings are recommended for women 40 and older. Women residing in rural areas have worse breast cancer survival rates than urban women, but no study has focused on rural versus urban residence in Utah regarding breast cancer screening and mortality.

Methods: Cases (n = 14,516) were women aged > 39 diagnosed with a first primary invasive breast cancer between 1998 and 2017 in Utah.

Adapting the Planetary Health Report Card for Graduate Medical Training Programs.

Leading medical organizations recognize climate change as an urgent threat to public health and social justice. Medical students created the Planetary Health Report Card (PHRC) to evaluate and spur climate action in medical schools. Graduate medical trainees lack a similar tool to evaluate and improve their training programs and institutions.

Comparative efficacy of different bowel preparations for colonoscopy: A network meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: The quality of a colonoscopy is heavily reliant on the effectiveness of bowel cleansing. Various cleansing solutions are currently available, but their comparative efficacy remains uncertain. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to compare the performance of different bowel preparations for colonoscopy.

Improvement of Fatigue in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Receiving Tofacitinib: Analyses of a Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Fatigue is a key symptom in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The objective of this analysis was to estimate the median time to initial and stable improvement events in fatigue in patients with AS receiving tofacitinib.

Methods: This post hoc analysis used data from a phase 3 trial (NCT03502616) in patients with active AS receiving tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily or placebo.

Predicting blood loss volume in a canine model of hemorrhagic shock using arterial waveform machine learning analysis.

Objective: To determine if the compensatory reserve algorithm validated in humans can be applied to canines. Our secondary objective was to determine if a simpler waveform analysis could predict the percentage of blood loss volume.

Methods: 6 purpose-bred, anesthetized dogs underwent 5 rounds of controlled hemorrhage and resuscitation while continuously recording invasive arterial blood pressure waveforms in this prospective, experimental study.

Sex differences in response to the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan in individuals with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a post hoc analysis of the SONAR trial.

Aims/hypothesis: In the Study Of diabetic Nephropathy with AtRasentan (SONAR), the endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) atrasentan slowed progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Pre-clinical research suggests sex-based differences in the endothelin system might influence the efficacy and safety of atrasentan. We therefore assessed the effects of atrasentan in men and women participating in SONAR.

Using ICD Codes Alone May Misclassify Overdoses Among Perinatal People.

Introduction: As perinatal drug overdoses continue to rise, reliable approaches are needed to monitor overdose trends during pregnancy and postpartum. This analysis aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of ICD-9/10-CM codes for drug overdose events among people in the MATernaL and Infant clinical NetworK (MAT-LINK) with medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during pregnancy.

Methods: People included in this analysis had electronic health record (EHR) documentation of MOUD and a known pregnancy outcome from January 1, 2014 through August 31, 2021.

Endothelin receptor antagonists in chronic kidney disease.

Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor that has diverse physiological functions in the kidney, including in the regulation of blood flow and glomerular filtration, electrolyte homeostasis and endothelial function. Overexpression of endothelin-1 contributes to the pathophysiology of both diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Selective endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) that target the endothelin A (ET) receptor have demonstrated benefits in animal models of kidney disease and in clinical trials.

Intended Conservative Management Versus Caesarean Hysterectomy for Known or Suspected Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Objective: We examined the cost-effectiveness of conservative management (CM) compared to planned caesarean hysterectomy (CH) for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

Design: A cost-effectiveness analysis in a theoretical cohort of patients.

Setting: A decision analytic model.

Significant Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity and Sociodemographic Factors.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. We evaluated the impact of income and geography on racial/ethnic disparities across the HCC care cascade in the U.S.